Mathata a tikoloho lefats'eng a potlakile bakeng sa Russia. Ho lokela ho ananeloa hore naha ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse silafetseng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Sena se ama boleng ba bophelo mme se na le phello e mpe bophelong ba batho. Ho hlaha ha mathata a tikoloho Russia, joalo ka linaheng tse ling, ho amahanngoa le tšusumetso e matla ea motho ho tlhaho, e seng e le kotsi ebile e le mabifi.
Ke mathata afe a tloaelehileng a tikoloho Russia?
Tšilafalo ea moea
Mesi e nyonyehang ea liindasteri e silafatsa sepakapaka. Ho tuka ha mafura a makoloi, le ho tuka ha mashala, oli, khase, patsi, ho fosahetse moeeng. Likaroloana tse kotsi li silafatsa lera la ozone ebe lia li senya. Ha li ntšetsoa moeeng, li baka pula ea asiti, e leng eona e silafatsang mobu le 'mele ea metsi. Lintho tsena kaofela ke sesosa sa mafu a kankere le pelo le methapo ea batho, hammoho le ho fela ha liphoofolo. Tšilafalo ea moea e boetse e kenya letsoho phetohong ea leholimo, ho futhumala ha lefatše le keketseho ea mahlaseli a letsatsi a ultraviolet;
Ho rengoa ha meru
Ka har'a naha, ts'ebetso ea ho rengoa ha meru ha e laoloe, nakong eo lihekthere tse makholo tsa sebaka se botala li rengoang. Ekolotsi e fetohile haholo leboea-bophirima ho naha, mme bothata ba ho rengoa ha meru Siberia le bona bo ntse bo potlaka. Mefuta e mengata ea tikoloho ea moru e ntse e ntlafatsoa ho etsa mobu oa temo. Sena se lebisa tlhokomelong ea mefuta e mengata ea limela le liphoofolo tse tsoang libakeng tsa bona. Potoloho ea metsi ea senyeha, boemo ba leholimo boa oma 'me ho theoa sethopo;
Tšilafalo ea metsi le mobu
Litšila tsa indasteri le tsa malapeng li silafatsa metsi a kaholimo le a fatše, hammoho le mobu. Boemo bo mpefatsoa ke taba ea hore ho na le libaka tse fokolang haholo tsa kalafo ea metsi kahara naha, mme lisebelisoa tse ngata tse sebelisitsoeng li siiloe ke nako. Hape, mechini ea temo le manyolo a senya mobu. Ho na le bothata bo bong - tšilafalo ea maoatle ka lihlahisoa tsa oli tse qhalaneng. Selemo se seng le se seng linoka le matša a silafatsa litšila tsa lik'hemik'hale. Mathata ana kaofela a baka khaello ea metsi a nooang, hobane mehloli e mengata ha ea lokela le tšebeliso ea metsi molemong oa mahlale. E boetse e kenya letsoho timetsong ea tikoloho, mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo, litlhapi le linonyana lia shoa;
Litšila tsa lapeng
Ka karolelano, moahi e mong le e mong oa Russia o etsa lik'hilograma tse 400 tsa litšila tse tiileng tsa masepala ka selemo. Tsela feela ea ho tsoa ke ho sebelisa litšila (pampiri, khalase). Ho na le likhoebo tse fokolang haholo tse sebetsanang le ho lahla kapa ho nchafatsa litšila ka har'a naha;
Tšilafalo ea nyutlelie
Lisebelisoa tsa limela tse ngata tsa matla a nyutlelie li siiloe ke nako 'me boemo bo ntse bo atamela koluoa, hobane kotsi e ka etsahala neng kapa neng. Ntle le moo, litšila tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi ha li sebelisoe hantle. Mahlaseli a kotsi a tsoang linthong tse kotsi a baka phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso 'meleng oa motho, phoofolo, semeleng. Lintho tse silafetseng li kena 'meleng hammoho le metsi, lijo le moea, li behiloe,' me litlamorao tsa radiation li ka hlaha kamora nakoana;
Ho senngoa ha libaka tse sirelelitsoeng le ho tsongoa hampe
Ketso ena e seng molaong e lebisa lefung la mefuta ka bobeli ea limela le liphoofolo, le timetso ea tikoloho ka kakaretso.
Mathata a Arctic
Ha e le mathata a ikhethileng a tikoloho Russia, ntle le a lefats'e, ho na le a 'maloa a libaka. Pele ho tsohle, ho joalo Mathata a Arctic... Tikoloho ena e ile ea senyeha nakong ea kholo ea eona. Ho na le lipalo tse ngata tsa oli le khase tse thata ho fihlella. Haeba li qala ho ntšoa, ho tla ba le tšokelo ea ho qhalana ha oli. Ho futhumala ha lefatše ho lebisa ho qhibiliheng ha leqhoa la Arctic, li ka nyamela ka botlalo. Ka lebaka la lits'ebetso tsena, mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo tse ka leboea ea shoa, mme tikoloho e fetoha haholo, ho na le ts'okelo ea likhohola kontinenteng.
Baikal
Baikal ke mohloli oa 80% ea metsi a nooang Russia, mme sebaka sena sa metsi se sentsoe ke mesebetsi ea pampiri le leloala la makhasi, le neng le lahla liindasteri tse haufi, litšila tsa malapa, lithōle. Seteishene sa motlakase sa motlakase sa Irkutsk le sona se na le phello e mpe letšeng. Ha se mabopo a senyehileng feela, metsi a silafetse, empa boemo ba ona le bona boa theoha, libaka tsa ho tsoalla litlhapi lia senngoa, e leng se lebisang ho nyameleng ha baahi.
Sethala sa Volga se pepesetsoa mojaro o moholo ka ho fetesisa oa methapo. Boleng ba metsi a Volga le phallo ea ona ha e lumellane le maemo a boithabiso le bohloeki. Ke feela 8% ea metsi a litšila a tšeloang linokeng a ts'oaroang. Ntle le moo, naha e na le bothata bo boholo ba ho theola bophahamo ba linoka metsing 'ohle a metsi,' me linoka tse nyane li lula li psha.
Koung ea Finland
Kou ea Finland e nkuoa e le sebaka se kotsi ka ho fetisisa sa metsi Russia, hobane metsi a na le lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa oli tse qhalaneng ka lebaka la likotsi tsa likepe. Ho na le boetse ho na le mafolofolo poaching mosebetsi, mabapi le eo palo ea liphoofolo e fokotseha. Ho boetse ho na le ho tšoasa litlhapi tse sa laoleheng tsa litlhapi tsa salmon.
Kaho ea litoropo tse kholo le litsela tse kholo li senya meru le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlholeho ho pholletsa le naha. Metseng e meholo ea kajeno, ho na le mathata, eseng feela ka tšilafalo ea sepakapaka le hydrosphere, empa hape le tšilafalo lerata. Ke litoropong moo bothata ba litšila tsa malapa bo leng matla haholo. Metseng ea naha, ha ho na libaka tse tala tse lekaneng tse nang le masimo, hape ho na le tsamaiso e mpe ea moea mona. Toropo ea Russia ea Norilsk e maemong a bobeli hara litoropo tse silafetseng ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng. Boemo bo bobe ba tikoloho le tikoloho bo thehiloe metseng e meholo ea Russia joalo ka Moscow, St. Petersburg, Cherepovets, Asbest, Lipetsk le Novokuznetsk.
Bothata ba bophelo ba baahi
Ha re nahana ka mathata a fapaneng a tikoloho a Russia, motho a ke ke a iphapanyetsa bothata ba bophelo bo ntseng bo mpefala ba baahi ba naha. Liponahatso tsa mantlha tsa bothata bona ke tse latelang:
- - ho senyeha ha letamo la liphatsa tsa lefutso le liphetoho;
- - keketseho ea palo ea mafu a lefutso le pathologies;
- - maloetse a mangata a ba a sa foleng;
- - Ho senyeha ha maemo a bophelo bohloeki le bohloeki a likarolo tse ling tsa baahi;
- - keketseho ea palo ea makhoba a lithethefatsi le makhoba a joala;
- - ho eketsa boemo ba lefu la masea;
- - kholo ea ho hloka thari ha banna le basali;
- - mafu a seoa a kamehla;
- - keketseho ea palo ea bakuli ba kankere, kulisoa, mafu a pelo le methapo.
Lethathamo le ntse le tsoela pele. Mathata ana kaofela a bophelo bo botle ke litlamorao tse kholo tsa ts'enyeho ea tikoloho. Haeba mathata a tikoloho Russia a sa rarolloe, palo ea batho ba kulang e tla eketseha, 'me baahi ba fokotsehe khafetsa.
Litsela tsa ho rarolla mathata a tikoloho
Tharollo ea mathata a tikoloho e its'etleha ka kotloloho mesebetsing ea liofisiri tsa mmuso. Ho a hlokahala ho laola libaka tsohle tsa moruo hore likhoebo tsohle li fokotse litlamorao tse mpe tikolohong. Re boetse re hloka nts'etsopele le ts'ebetsong ea mahlale a tikoloho. Li ka aloa hape ho tsoa ho bahlahisi ba kantle ho naha. Kajeno, ho hlokahala mehato e matla ho rarolla mathata a tikoloho. Leha ho le joalo, re tlameha ho hopola hore ho hongata ho its'etleha ka borona: tseleng ea bophelo, ho boloka lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho le melemo ea sechaba, ho boloka bohloeki le ka khetho ea rona. Mohlala, motho e mong le e mong a ka lahla litšila, a fana ka pampiri e litšila, a boloka metsi, a tima mollo ka tlhaho, a sebelisa lijana tse ka sebelisoang hape, a reka mekotla ea pampiri ho fapana le ea polasetiki, a bala li-e-book. Mehato ena e menyenyane e tla u thusa ho kenya letsoho ho ntlafatsa ecology ea Russia.
