Metsi a hloekileng ke e 'ngoe ea matlotlo a maholohali lefatšeng, ke tiiso ea bophelo. Haeba phepelo ea metsi e felile, bophelo bohle Lefatšeng bo tla fela. Ke eng ka sesebelisoa sena sa lefats'e, hobaneng se ikhethile, re tla leka ho araba sengoloeng sena.
Sebopeho
Ho na le mehloli e mengata ea metsi polaneteng, karolo ea bobeli borarong ea lefatše e koahetsoe ke maoatle le maoatle, empa ke 3% feela ea mokelikeli o joalo o ka nkoang o le ncha ebile ha ho na 1% ea mehloli e mecha e fumanehang bathong ka nako ena. Metsi a hloekileng a ka bitsoa ha feela letsoai le sa fete 0.1%.
Kabo ea mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng holim 'a lefatše ha e tšoane. K'honthinente e kang Eurasia, moo batho ba bangata ba lulang teng - 70% ea kakaretso, e nang le lipolokelo tse joalo tse ka tlase ho 40%. Palo e kholo ea metsi a hloekileng e kentsoe linokeng le matšeng.
Sebopeho sa metsi a hloekileng ha se tšoane ebile ho latela tikoloho, ho bolokoa mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale, mobu, letsoai le liminerale, le mesebetsing ea batho. Metsi a hloekileng a na le likhase tse fapaneng: naetrojene, khabone, oksijene, carbon dioxide, ho ekelletsa moo, lintho tse phelang, likaroloana tsa likokoana-hloko. Cations e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa: hydrogen carbonate HCO3-, chloride Cl- le sulfate SO42- le anions: calcium Ca2 +, magnesium Mg2 +, sodium Na + le potassium K +.
Motsoako oa metsi a hloekileng
Litlhaloso
Ha u tšoaea metsi a hloekileng, ho nahaneloa litšoaneleho tse latelang:
- ponaletso;
- ho tenyetseha;
- organoleptic;
- pH ea acid.
Asiti ea metsi e ipapisitse le litaba tsa li-ion tsa hydrogen tse ho eona. Thata e khetholloa ka ho boloka li-ion tsa magnesium le calcium mme e ka ba: e akaretsang, e felisitsoe kapa e sa felisoe, carbonate kapa eo e seng carbonate.
Organoleptic ke bohloeki ba metsi, ho hloka metsi, 'mala le monko. Monko o ipapisitse le likahare tsa litlatsetso tse fapaneng: chlorine, oli, mobu, e tšoauoa ka sekala sa lintlha tse hlano:
- 0 - ho se be teng ha monko o felletseng;
- 1 - hoo e ka bang ha ho na monko;
- 2 - monko o utloahala feela ka ho latsoa ho khethehileng;
- 3 - monko o utloahalang hanyane;
- 4 - monko o bonahala haholo;
- 5 - monko o utloahala hoo o etsang hore metsi a se sebelisoe.
Tatso ea metsi a hloekileng e ka ba letsoai, ea ba monate, ea baba kapa ea hlaba, litakatso tsa eona li kanna tsa se utloe ho hang, e be tse fokolang, tse bobebe, tse matla le tse matla haholo. Moferefere o khethoa ka ho bapisoa le maemo, sekaleng sa lintlha tse leshome le metso e mene.
Kemiso
Metsi a hloekileng a arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli: ea kamehla le ea diminerale. Metsi a letsoai a fapana le metsi a tloaelehileng a nooang ka har'a liminerale tse itseng le palo ea tsona, 'me hoa etsahala:
- bongaka;
- kamore ea ho jela ea bongaka;
- kamore ea ho jella;
Ntle le moo, ho na le metsi a hloekileng a entsoeng ka mekhoa ea maiketsetso, a kenyelletsa:
- letsoai;
- qhibilihisoa;
- e silafalitsoe;
- silevera;
- shungite;
- "Oa phela" le "o shoele".
Metsi a joalo a tlatsitsoe ka ho khetheha ke likaroloana tse hlokahalang tse nyane, lintho tse phelang li senngoa ka boomo, kapa ho eketsoa tse hlokahalang.
Metsi a qhibilihang a nkoa e le a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, a fumanoa ka ho qhibilihisa leqhoa litlhōrōng tsa lithaba, kapa lehloa le fumanoang libakeng tse hloekileng tikolohong. Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho sebelisa lehloa kapa lehloa le tlohang literateng ho qhoqha, hobane mokelikeli o joalo o tla ba le carcinogen e kotsi ka ho fetisisa - benzaprene, ea sehlopha sa pele sa kotsi ho batho.
Bothata ba khaello ea metsi a hloekileng
Metsi a hloekileng a nkoa e le mohloli oa tlhaho o sa feleng. Ho na le maikutlo a hore ka lebaka la potoloho ea metsi ka tlhaho, mehloli ea eona e lula e nchafatsoa, empa ka lebaka la phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, mesebetsi ea batho, ho tlallana ha Lefatše, haufinyane bothata ba khaello ea metsi a hloekileng bo ntse bo bonahala haholoanyane. Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore matsatsing ana moahi e mong le e mong oa botšelela oa lefatše o se a ntse a na le khaello ea metsi a nooang, li-cubic metres tse limilione tse 63 li sebelisoa selemo le selemo lefats'eng, mme selemo se seng le se seng karolelano ena e tla hola feela.
Litsebi li bolela esale pele hore haeba botho bo sa fumane mokhoa o mong ho fapana le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho tsa metsi a hloekileng nakong e tlang e haufi, haufinyane bothata ba khaello ea metsi bo tla fihla boemong ba lefatše, bo tla baka ho hloka botsitso sechabeng, ho putlama ha moruo linaheng tseo metsi a fokolang a fokolang, lintoa le likoluoa tsa lefats'e. ...
Botho bo se ntse bo leka ho sebetsana le bothata ba khaello ea metsi. Mekhoa e meholo ea ntoa e joalo ke ho rekisa kantle ho naha, ts'ebeliso ea moruo, ho theha matamo a maiketsetso, ho tšela letsoai metsing a leoatle, le ho qhibiliha ha mouoane oa metsi.
Mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng
Metsi a hloekileng polaneteng ke:
- ka tlas'a lefatše;
- ka ntle feela;
- sedimentary.
Liliba tsa ka tlasa lefatše ke liliba tse kaholimo ho metsi, linoka, matša, maqhoqhoane, melatsoana ho ea ho sedimentary - lehloa, sefako le lipula. Mehloli e meholo ka ho fetisisa ea metsi a hloekileng e ka har'a lehloa - 85-90% ea lipolokelo tsa lefatše.
Metsi a sa tsoa khuoa a Russia
Russia e sebakeng sa bobeli ho latela mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng, ke Brazil feela e etelletseng pele ntlheng ena. Letša la Baikal le nkuoa e le letamo le leholo ka ho fetisisa la tlhaho, naheng ea Russia le lefats'eng, le na le karolo ea bohlano ea lipolokelo tsa metsi a hloekileng lefatšeng - 23,000 km3. Ntle le moo, Letšeng la Ladoga - 910 km3 ea metsi a nooang, ho Onega - 292 km3, Letšeng la Khanka - 18.3 km3. Ho boetse ho na le matamo a khethehileng: Rybinskoe, Samarskoe, Volgogradskoe, Tsimlyanskoe, Sayano-Shushunskoe, Krasnoyarskoe le Bratskoe. Ntle le moo, ho na le phepelo e kholo ea metsi a joalo leqhoeng le linokeng.
Baikal
Leha e le hore mehloli ea metsi a nooang Russia e kholo, e ajoa ka ho lekana naheng ka bophara, libaka tse ngata li na le khaello e matla ea eona. Ho fihlela joale, e tlameha ho tlisoa likarolong tse ngata tsa Russian Federation ka lisebelisoa tse ikhethileng.
Tšilafalo ea metsi a hloekileng
Ntle le khaello ea metsi a hloekileng, taba ea ts'ilafalo ea ona mme, ka lebaka leo, ho se tšoanelehe ha ts'ebeliso ho lula ho le lihlooho. Lisosa tsa tšilafalo e ka ba tsa tlhaho le tsa maiketsetso.
Litholoana tsa tlhaho li kenyelletsa likoluoa tsa tlhaho tse fapaneng: litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, likhohola, likhohola, seretse, jj. Liphello tsa maiketsetso li amana ka kotloloho le mesebetsi ea batho:
- asiti pula e bakoang ke ho tsoa ha lintho tse kotsi moeeng ke lifeme, lifeme le lipalangoang tsa mebileng;
- litšila tse tiileng le tse metsi tse tsoang indastering le litoropong;
- likoluoa tse entsoeng ke batho le likotsi tsa indasteri;
- ho futhumatsa metsi mocheso le limela tsa matla a nyutlelie.
Metsi a silafalitsoeng a ke ke a baka feela pheliso ea mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo le litlhapi, empa hape a baka mafu a fapaneng a bolaeang bathong: typhoid, k'holera, mofetše, mathata a endocrine, mathata a tsoalo le tse ling tse ngata. E le hore u se ke ua beha 'mele oa hau kotsing, u lokela ho lula u shebile boleng ba metsi a nooang, ha ho hlokahala, sebelisa li-filters tse khethehileng, metsi a hloekileng a libotlolo.
