Letša la Balkhash

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Letša la Balkhash le ka bochabela bohareng ba Kazakhstan, lebopong le leholo la Balkash-Alakel le bophahamong ba limithara tse 342 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle le 966 km ka bochabela ho Leoatle la Aral. Bolelele ba eona bo fihla ho 605 km ho tloha bophirima ho isa bochabela. Sebaka se fapana haholo, ho latela boholo ba metsi. Lilemong tseo metsi a mangata a leng bohlokoa (joalo ka qalong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo le ka 1958-69), sebaka sa letša se fihla ho 18,000 - 19,000 kilometara. Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea linako tse amanang le komello (bobeli bofelong ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo le lilemong tsa bo-1930 le bo-40), sebaka sa letša se fokotseha ho fihla ho 15,500-16,300 km2. Liphetoho tse joalo sebakeng seo li tsamaisana le liphetoho maemong a metsi ho fihlela ho 3 m.

Phomolo ea bokaholimo

Letša la Balkhash le sebakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo ea Balkhash-Alakol, e thehiloeng ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha poleiti ea Turan.

Holim'a metsi, o ka bala lihlekehleke tse 43 le hloahloa e le 'ngoe - Samyrsek, e etsang hore letamo leo e be le ikhethang. 'Nete ke hore ka lebaka lena, Balkhash e arotsoe likarolo tse peli tse arohaneng tsa hydrological: bophirima, bophara le botebo, le karolo e ka bochabela - e patisane ebile e tebile haholo. Ka hona, bophara ba letša bo fapana ho tloha 74-27 km karolong e ka bophirima le ho tloha 10 ho isa 19 km karolong e ka bochabela. Botebo ba karolo e ka bophirima ha e fete limithara tse 11, 'me karolo e ka bochabela e fihla ho limithara tse 26. Likarolo tse peli tsa letša li kopantsoe ke moalo o moqotetsane, Uzunaral, ka botebo ba limithara tse ka bang 6.

Mabopo a leboea la letša a phahame ebile a na le majoe, a nang le masalo a hlakileng a litša tsa khale. Tse ka boroa li tlase ebile li lehlabathe, 'me mabanta a tsona a sephara a koahetsoe ke mofero oa lehlaka le matša a manyane a mangata.

Lake Balkhash 'mapeng

Phepo ea letšeng

Noka e kholo ea Il, e phallang ho tloha boroa, e phallela karolong e ka bophirima ea letša, mme e kentse karolo ea 80-90 lekholong ea kakaretso e kenang ka letšeng ho fihlela liteishene tsa motlakase oa motlakase o hahiloeng qetellong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo li fokotsa molumo oa phallo ea noka. Karolo e ka bochabela ea letša e fepeloa feela ke linoka tse nyane joalo ka Karatal, Aksu, Ayaguz le Lepsi. Ka maemo a batlang a lekana likarolong ka bobeli tsa letša, boemo bona bo baka phallo e tsoelang pele ea metsi ho tloha bophirima ho ea bochabela. Metsi a karolong e ka bophirima a ne a batla a le ncha ebile a loketse tšebeliso le tšebeliso ea liindasteri, ha karolo e ka bochabela eona e ne e le letsoai.

Ho fetoha ha linako tsa selemo bophahamong ba metsi ho amana ka kotloloho le bongata ba pula le lehloa le qhibilihang, le tlatsang liteishene tsa linoka tsa lithaba tse phallelang letšeng.

Ka karolelano mocheso oa metsi oa selemo le selemo karolong e ka bophirima ea letša ke 100C, mme ka bochabela - 90C. Karolelano ea pula e ka ba 430 mm. Letša le koahetsoe ke leqhoa ho tloha mafelong a Pulungoana ho fihlela mathoasong a Mmesa.

Liphoofolo le limela

Liphoofolo tse neng li ruile tsa letša lena li fokotsehile haholo ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970, ka lebaka la ho theoha ha boleng ba metsi a letša leo. Pele ho senyeha hona ho qala, mefuta e 20 ea litlhapi e ne e lula letšeng leo, 'me tse tšeletseng tsa tsona e ne e le biocinosis ea letša leo feela. Ba bang kaofela ba lutse ka maiketsetso 'me ba kenyelletsa carp, sturgeon, bream e ka bochabela, pike le Aral barbel. Lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa tlhapi e ne e le carp, pike le Balkhash perch.

Mefuta e fetang 100 ea linonyana e khethile Balkhash e le lehae la bona. Mona u ka bona li-cormorants tse kholo, li-pheasants, egrets le lintsu tsa khauta. Ho boetse ho na le mefuta e sa tloaelehang e thathamisitsoeng Bukeng e Khubelu:

  • ntsu e mosweu;
  • bo-swoper
  • Matsoho a pelicane;
  • likhaba tsa khaba.

Moluoane, li-turangas, li-cattails, lehlaka le lehlaka li mela mabopong a letsoai. Ka nako e 'ngoe u ka fumana kolobe e hlaha morung ona.

Bohlokoa ba moruo

Kajeno mabopo a matle a Letša la Balkhash a hohela bahahlauli ba eketsehileng. Ho ntse ho hahuoa matlo a phomolo, libaka tsa ho hloma liahelo. Matsatsi a phomolo a hoheloa eseng feela ke moea o hloekileng le bokaholimo bo khutsitseng ba metsi, empa hape le moriana o phekolang le mobung oa letsoai, ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho tsoma.

Ho qala halofo ea pele ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, bohlokoa ba letša bo holile haholo, haholo-holo ka lebaka la temo ea litlhapi, e qalileng lilemong tsa bo-30. Sephethephethe sa kamehla sa leoatle se nang le phaello e kholo ea thepa le sona se ile sa ntlafatsoa.

Mohato o moholo o latelang o lebisang katlehong ea moruo ea sebaka seo e ne e le kaho ea mochini oa ho etsa koporo oa Balkash, oo toropo e kholo ea Balkash e holetse lebopong le ka leboea la letša.

Ka 1970, seteishene sa motlakase sa motlakase sa Kapshaghai se ile sa qala ho sebetsa Nokeng ea Ile. Ho khelosoa ha metsi ho tlatsa pokello ea Kapshaghai le phano ea nosetso ho fokotsa phallo ea noka ka likarolo tse peli ho tse tharo, mme ho lebisitse ho fokotseheng ha bophahamo ba metsi letšeng ka 2.2m lipakeng tsa 1970 le 1987.

Ka lebaka la mesebetsi e joalo, selemo se seng le se seng metsi a letša a ba mabe le ho ba letsoai. Libaka tsa meru le libaka tse mongobo tse potileng letša li fokotsehile. Ka bomalimabe, kajeno ha ho letho le etsoang ho fetola haholo boemo bo soabisang joalo.

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