Ural ke sebaka seo lithaba li leng ho sona, 'me mona moeli o pakeng tsa Asia le Europe o feta. Ka boroa ho sebaka seo, Noka ea Ural e phallela Leoatleng la Caspian. Ho na le sebaka se setle sa tlhaho, leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea li-anthopogenic, lefatše le limela le liphoofolo li kotsing. Mathata a tikoloho ea Urals a hlahile ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa liindasteri tse joalo:
- lik'hemik'hale tsa lehong;
- mafura;
- metallurgical;
- boenjiniere;
- motlakase.
Ntle le moo, boemo bo mpefatsoa ke taba ea hore likhoebo tse ngata li sebetsa ho lisebelisoa tsa khale.
Tšilafalo ea sepakapaka
Joalo ka libaka tse ngata tsa naha, sebaka sa Ural se na le moea o silafetseng haholo, o bakoang ke moea o kotsi. Hoo e ka bang 10% ea moea o tsoang moeeng o hlahisoang ke Semela sa Metallurgical sa Magnitogorsk. Semela sa matla a futhumatsang sa Reftinskaya ha se silafatse moea. Likhoebo tsa indasteri ea oli li kenya letsoho, li ntša lithane tse likete tse 100 tsa lintho tse kenang sepakapakeng selemo le selemo.
Tšilafalo ea hydrosphere le lithosphere
E 'ngoe ea mathata a Urals ke tšilafalo ea metsi le mobu. Likhoebo tsa indasteri le tsona li kenya letsoho ho sena. Lisebelisoa tse boima le lihlahisoa tsa oli tse litšila li kena ka metsing le mobung. Boemo ba metsi tikolohong eo ha bo khotsofatse, ka hona ke 1/5 feela ea lipeipi tsa metsi tsa Ural e etsang tlhoekiso e phethahetseng ea metsi a nooang. Ke 20% feela ea litopo tsa metsi tsa setereke tse loketseng ho sebelisoa. Ntle le moo, ho na le bothata bo bong tikolohong eo: baahi ha ba fuoe hantle phepelo ea metsi le likhoerekhoere.
Indasteri ea merafo e kenya letsoho pherekanong ea likarolo tsa lefatše. Mefuta e meng ea ponahalo ea lefatše e sentsoe. Ho boetse ho nkuoa e le ketsahalo e mpe ea hore li-depositi tsa diminerale li haufi le litoropo, ka hona sebaka seo ha se na letho, ha se tšoanelehe bakeng sa bophelo le temo. Ntle le moo, li-void lia theoa mme ho na le kotsi ea litšisinyeho tsa lefatše.
Mathata a mang a tikoloho ea Urals
Mathata a nnete a sebaka sena ke a latelang:
- tšilafalo ea lik'hemik'hale e tsoang libetsa tsa lik'hemik'hale tse bolokiloeng moo;
- tšoso ea tšilafalo ea nyutlelie e tsoa mohahong o sebetsang le plutonium - "Mayak";
- litšila tsa indasteri, tse bokelletsoeng ka boima ba lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 20, li chefo tikolohong.
Ka lebaka la mathata a tikoloho, litoropo tse ngata tikolohong eo li fetoha tse sa rateheng bakeng sa ho phela. Tsena ke Magnitogorsk le Kamensk-Uralsky, Karabash le Nizhny Tagil, Yekaterinburg le Kurgan, Ufa le Chelyabinsk, hammoho le libaka tse ling tsa tikoloho ea Ural.
Litsela tsa ho rarolla mathata a tikoloho ea Urals
Selemo se seng le se seng boemo ba tikoloho le polanete ea rona, haholo-holo Urals, bo ntse bo mpefala "pela mahlo" a rona. Ka lebaka la merafo e sa khaotseng, mesebetsi ea batho le lintho tse ling tse tlatsetsang, lera la moea oa lefatše, hydrosphere le mobu o ka tlasa lefatše li maemong a tlokotsi. Empa ho na le mekhoa ea ho e rarolla, mme mekhatlo ea mmuso le balaoli ba sechaba ba nka mehato e nepahetseng.
Kajeno ho na le mathata a mangata haholo tikolohong ea Urals hore a ka rarolloa kapele le ka tekanyetso. Ka hona, tikoloho e seng ntle e lokela ho ntlafatsoa ka botlalo. Litsela tsa mantlha tsa ho rarolla mathata ke tsena:
- ho fokotsa litšila tsa malapa le tsa liindasteri - tšilafalo e kholo ea tikoloho e ntse e le polasetiki, tharollo e sebetsang ka ho fetesisa ke ho fetohela pampiring butle-butle;
- kalafo ea metsi a litšila - ho ntlafatsa maemo a mabe a metsi, ho lekane ho kenya lits'ebeletso tse nepahetseng tsa kalafo;
- Ts'ebeliso ea mehloli ea matla a hloekileng - tšebeliso ea khase ea tlhaho, ts'ebeliso ea matla a letsatsi le moea. Pele, sena se tla lumella ho hloekisa sepakapaka, 'me la bobeli, ho lahla matla a nyutlelie, ka lebaka leo, ho tsoa mekhoeng ea tšebetso eo mashala le lihlahisoa tsa oli li sebelisoang ka eona.
Ntle le pelaelo, ho bohlokoa ho khutlisa limela tsa sebaka seo, ho amohela melao le melaoana e thata ho feta mabapi le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ho fokotsa (tsamaisa ka nepo) lipalangoang haufi le melatsoana le ho netefatsa "ente" e tebileng ea lichelete sebakeng sena. Boholo ba likhoebo tsa indasteri ha li lahle litšila tsa tlhahiso ka nepo. Nakong e tlang, lifeme tse hahiloeng ka sepheo tse sebetsanang ka botlalo le mefuta eohle ea lisebelisoa tse sa tsoakoang li tla thusa ho fetola maemo a tikoloho hore a be betere.
