Bokaholimo ba polanete ea rona ha bo na monolithic; e na le litene tse tiileng tse bitsoang lipoleiti. Liphetoho tsohle tse sa feleng - litšisinyeho tsa lefatše, ho phatloha ha seretse se chesang, ho putlama le ho phahamisoa ha libaka tsa mobu ka bo mong - li etsahala ka lebaka la li-tectonics - motsamao oa lipoleiti tsa lithospheric.
Alfred Wegener e bile oa pele oa ho hlahisa mohopolo oa ho hoholeha ha libaka tse arohaneng tsa mobu tse amanang le tse ling ka 1930 ea lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo. O phehile khang ea hore ka lebaka la tšebelisano khafetsa ea likotoana tse teteaneng tsa lithosphere, lik'honthinente li thehiloe Lefatšeng. Saense e ile ea fumana netefatso ea mantsoe a hae feela ka 1960, kamora ho ithuta mokatong oa leoatle, moo liphetoho tse joalo bokaholimo ba lefatše li tlalehiloeng ke litsebi tsa maoatle le litsebi tsa jioloji.
Li-tectonics tsa sejoale-joale
Nakong ena ka nako, bokaholimo ba lefatše bo arotsoe ka lipoleiti tse kholo tsa 8 tsa lithospheric le li-block tse 12 tse nyane. Ha libaka tse kholo tsa lithosphere li arohana ka mahlakore a fapaneng, likateng tsa seaparo sa polanete li huleloa ka har'a lekhalo, li phola, li theha botlaaseng ba Leoatle la Lefatše, ebe li ntse li tsoela pele ho sutumetsa libaka tsa kontinenteng.
Haeba lipoleiti li sutumellana, ho ba le likoluoa tsa lefats'e, tse tsamaeang le ho qoelisoa ha karolo e ka tlase ea seaparo ka kobo. Hangata ka ho fetisisa, botlaaseng ke poleiti ea leoatleng, eo litaba tsa eona li hlakoloang tlasa ts'usumetso ea mocheso o phahameng, li fetoha karolo ea seaparo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, likaroloana tse bobebe tsa taba li romelloa libakeng tse foqohang seretse se chesang, tse boima li lula, li teba botlaaseng ba liaparo tse tukang tsa polanete, li hoheloa ke khubu ea eona.
Ha lipoleiti tsa k'honthinente li thulana, ho theoa meaho ea lithaba. Motho a ka bona ketsahalo e ts'oanang le ho hoholeha ha leqhoa, ha likarolo tse kholo tsa metsi a hoammeng li kenella ka holim'a e 'ngoe, li putlama ebile li robeha. Ke kamoo hoo e batlang e le lithaba tsohle lefatšeng li thehiloe, mohlala, Himalaya le Alps, Pamirs le Andes.
Saense ea sejoale-joale e lekantse lebelo la ho tsamaisoa ha lik'honthinente ka bongata.
- Europe e khutlela Amerika Leboea ka sekhahla sa lisenthimithara tse 5 ka selemo;
- Australia "e baleha" South Pole ka lisenthimithara tse 15 likhoeling tse ling le tse ling tse 12.
Lipoleiti tse tsamaeang ka lebelo le phahameng ka ho fetesisa tsa leoatle, kapele ho tse kontinenteng ka makhetlo a 7.
Ka lebaka la lipatlisiso tsa bo-ramahlale, ponelopele ea motsamao o tlang oa lipoleiti tsa lithospheric e hlahile, ho latela hore na Leoatle la Mediterranean le tla nyamela joang, Bay ea Biscay e tla felisoa, mme Australia e tla ba karolo ea kontinenteng ea Eurasia.
