Ho hlatsa, kapa leruarua le leputsoa, ke phoofolo e anyesang e kholo ka ho fetisisa le e boima ho feta tsohle tse kileng tsa phela lefatšeng. Moahi enoa oa metsing o na le mabitso a mangata - leruarua le leputsoa, hammoho le minke e kholo e ka leboea le 'mala o mosehla.
Tlhaloso, ponahalo
Bluval ke mofuta oa maruarua a minke a tsoang lelapeng le leholo la bo-cetacean... Leruarua le leholo le hola ho fihla ho limithara tse 33 mme le boima ba lithane tse fetang 150. Ka kholomo ea metsi, mokokotlo oa phoofolo o khanya buluu, e leng ho khethollang lebitso la ona la mantlha.
Letlalo la leruarua le 'mala
'Mele oa leruarua, o khabisitsoeng ka mekhabiso ea' mabole le matheba a masoeu, o shebahala o le moputsoa o mosesane ka pente e nyane ea boputsoa ka kakaretso. Ho shebella ho bonahala haholo ka mpeng le ka morao 'meleng, empa hanyane ka morao le ka pele. Mmala o lekanang, oa monochrome o bonoa hloohong, seledung le mohlahareng o ka tlase, mme mpa hangata e pentiloe bosehla kapa mosetareta.
Haeba e ne e se ka metopa e telele ea mpa le 'metso (ho tloha 70 ho isa 114), letlalo le hlatsoitsoeng le ka bitsoa le boreleli ka botlalo. Bokaholimo ba letlalo hangata bo lula ke likokoana-hloko (sehlopha sa li-crustaceans): linta tsa leruarua le li-barnacle, tse akhelang likhetla tsa tsona ka kotloloho ho epidermis. Li-roundworms le li-copepod li kenella molomong oa leruarua, li lula holim'a lesapo la leruarua.
Ha e fihla libakeng tsa phepo, leruarua le leputsoa le fumana "baeti" ba bacha, diatoms, tse koahelang 'mele oa eona. Ka metsing a futhumetseng, semela sena sea nyamela.
Litekanyo, likarolo tsa sebopeho
Leruarua le leputsoa le hahiloe hantle 'me le na le' mele o hlophisehileng hantle.... Hloohong e bōpehileng joaloka tlhako ea pere, e nang le methapo e metenya ka mahlakoreng, ho na le tse nyane (khahlano le semelo sa 'mele) mahlo a lisenthimithara tse 10. Li fumaneha ka morao feela le kaholimo ho mola oa molomo. Mohlahare o tlase o kobehetseng mahlakoreng o hlahella pele (15-30 cm) o koetse molomo. Phefumoloho (lesoba leo leruarua le phefumolohang ka lona) le sirelelitsoe ke rolara e phallelang khubung.
Lephegwana la mosela ke kotara ya botelele bja mmele. Maphegwana a mokhutshwane a mokhutshwane a supilwe e bile a masesane, fa mokwatla o monnye wa kwa morago (30 cm ka boleele) e ka nna ya dipopego tse di farologaneng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Molomo oa leruarua le leputsoa o tla lula kamoreng ea 24 sq. m., Bophara ba aorta bo tšoana le bophara ba nkho e tloaelehileng, 'me boholo ba matšoafo ke li-cubic metres tse 14. limithara. Lera la mafura le fihla lisenthimithara tse 20. Mahlatsa a na le lithane tse 10 tsa mali, pelo e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 600-700, sebete se boima ba thane, 'me leleme le boima ho feta sebete ka makhetlo a mararo.
Leruarua
Molomong oa leruarua le leputsoa, ho na le lipoleiti tsa maruarua tse 280 ho isa ho 420, tse botšo bo tebileng 'me li entsoe ka keratin. Bophara ba lipoleiti (mofuta oa menoana a leruarua) ke 28-30 cm, bolelele ke 0.6-1 m, 'me boima ba eona bo ka ba lik'hilograma tse 150.
Lipoleiti, tse behiloeng mohlahareng o kaholimo, li sebetsa joalo ka sesebelisoa sa ho sefa ebe li qetella ka selikalikoe se thata, se etselitsoeng ho boloka lijo tsa mantlha tsa mahlatsa - li-crustaceans tse nyane.
Pele ho qaptjoa polasetiki, leruarua le ne le hlokahala haholo har'a barekisi ba thepa e ommeng. Ho ne ho sebelisoa lipoleiti tse matla ebile ka nako e ts'oanang ho etsa:
- maborashe le marashe;
- mabokose a sakerete;
- ho loha linalete bakeng sa likhele;
- Lihlahisoa tsa wicker;
- thepa ea ka tlung;
- lehlaka le lifene;
- likonopo;
- lintlha tsa liaparo, ho kenyeletsoa corsets.
Hoa thahasellisa!Hoo e ka bang kilogram ea leruarua e ile ea corset ea fesista ea mehleng ea khale.
Matšoao a lentsoe, puisano
Ho hlatsa ho sebelisa lentsoe la eona le phahameng haholo ho buisana le batho ba tsoaloang... Kakaretso ea molumo o tsoang hangata ha e fete 50 Hz, empa khafetsa e fumaneha ka bongata ba 8-20 Hz, e tšoaeang infrasound.
Leruarua le leputsoa le sebelisa lipontšo tse matla nakong ea ho falla, 'me le li romella ho moahisani oa lona, o atisang ho sesa hole le lik'hilomithara tse' maloa.
Li-ketologists tsa Amerika tse sebetsang Antarctica li fumane hore li-minke whale li fumane matšoao ho tsoa ho beng ka tsona, ba neng ba le bohole ba lik'hilomithara tse 33 ho tloha ho bona.
Bafuputsi ba bang ba tlalehile hore mehala ea li-blues (e nang le matla a li-decibel tse 189) e tlalehiloe hole le 200 km, 400 km le 1600 km.
Bolele ba bophelo
Ha ho na maikutlo a tiileng ka taba ena, kaha li-ketologists ha ba utloisise taba ena ka botlalo. Mehloli e fapaneng e fana ka lipalo tse fapaneng, ho tloha lilemong tse 40 (mehlapeng e ithutiloeng ea leruarua le leputsoa e lulang Koung ea St. Lawrence) ho isa ho lilemo tse 80-90. Ho latela data e sa netefatsoang, mahlatsa a khale ka ho fetesisa a phetse lilemo tse 110.
Tiiso e sa tobang ea bophelo bo bolelele ba maruarua a maputsoa e nkuoa e le nako ea moloko o le mong (lilemo tse 31), ho tloha moo ba qalang teng ha ho baloa matla a palo ea maruarua a maputsoa.
Blue whale subspecies
Ha ho na tse ngata haholo, ke tse tharo feela:
- nyane;
- boroa;
- leboea.
Mefuta e fapaneng e fapana hanyane ka hanyane ho anatomy le boholo... Li-ketologists tse ling li supa mofuta o mong oa bone - leruarua la India le leputsoa, le lulang karolong e ka leboea ea Leoatle la India.
Mefuta e menyenyane ea subspecies e fumanoa e le molao, maoatleng a tropike, ha a boroa le leboea a fumanoa metsing a batang a polar. Li-subspecies tsohle li phela ka mokhoa o ts'oanang oa bophelo - li lula li le ngoe, ka seoelo li kopanang lik'hamphaning tse nyane.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa leruarua
Khahlanong le semelo sa li-cetacean tse ling, leruarua le leputsoa le shebahala joalo ka li-anchorite: mahlatsa ha a khelohe ka mehlape, a khetha ho phela bophelo bo ikharileng mme ka linako tse ling a etsa setsoalle se haufi le beng ka eena ba 2-3.
Hoa thahasellisa!Ka nala ea lijo, maruarua a theha mekhahlelo e khahlisang (batho ba 50-60 ka 'ngoe), e nang le "likaroloana" tse nyane. Empa sehlopheng, ba bontša boits'oaro bo ikarotseng.
Mosebetsi oa ho hlatsa lefifing ha o utloisisoe hantle. Empa, ha re ahlola ka boits'oaro ba maruarua a lebopong la California (ha a sese bosiu), ho ka thoe ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse etelletseng pele ho phela bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
Li-Ketologists li boetse li hlokometse hore leruarua le leputsoa le tlase ho feta tse ling kaofela tsa li-cetacean tse kholo ka mokhoa oa ho khona ho tsamaisa. Ha e bapisoa le maruarua a mang a nimble minke, e ne e hlatsa ho feta mme e le butle haholo.
Motsamao, ho qoela, ho hema
Sekhahla sa ho hema ha maruarua a minke le ho hlatsa, haholoholo, ho latela lilemo tsa bona le boholo. Liphoofolo tse nyane li hema khafetsa ho feta batho ba baholo. Haeba leruarua le khutsitse, le hema le ho tsoa makhetlo a 1-4 ka motsotso. Ka leruarua le leputsoa le balehang kotsi, ho hema ho potlakisa makhetlo a 3-6 ka motsotso.
Mahlatsa a fula a tsamaea butle, a lula tlasa metsi ho fihlela metsotso e 10. Pele a qoela nako e telele, o ntša seliba se seholo ebe o hema ka matla. Sena se lateloa ke letoto la li-dive tse 10-12 tse bohareng le tse sa tebang. Ho nka metsotsoana e 6-7 ho hlaha le ho tloha metsotsoana e 15 ho isa ho e 40 bakeng sa ho qoela ka tlase: nakong ena, mahlatsa a hlola limithara tse 40-50.
Leruarua le etsa metsu a mabeli a phahameng ka ho fetesisa: la pele, kamora ho phahama ho tloha botebong, 'me la bobeli - pele le teba nako e telele ka ho fetesisa.
Hoa thahasellisa! Seliba se lokolloang ke leruarua le leputsoa se shebahala joalo ka kholomo e telele kapa khoune e bolelele ba limithara tse 10 e holang hodimo.
Leruarua le ka qoela ka litsela tse peli.
- Pele. Phoofolo e koba 'mele hanyane, e bontša moqhaka oa hlooho ka phunya, mokokotlo o pharaletseng, ebe pheletsong ea mokokotlo le molomong.
- Ea bobeli. Leruarua le kobeha 'mele haholo ha le sekametse tlase e le hore karolo e kaholimo ea phula ea caudal e bontšoe. Ka ho qoelisoa hona, mokokotlo oa mokokotlo o bonahala nakong ea ha hlooho, hammoho le bokapele ba mokokotlo, e nyamela ka tlasa metsi. Ha khoro ea "caudal peduncle" e nyolohela kaholimo ho metsi, ntlha ea mokokotlo e boemong ba eona bo phahameng. Arc e otloloha butle, e ba tlase, mme leruarua le kena kahare ho metsi ntle le "bonesa" mahare a mohatla.
Ho hlatsa ho fepa ho sesa ka lebelo la 11-15 km / h, 'me e tšosang e potlakela ho 33-40 km / h. Empa e khona ho mamella lebelo le leholo hakana ho feta metsotso e 'maloa.
Lijo, leruarua le leputsoa le ja eng
Bluval e ja plankton, e shebile krill - li-crustaceans tse nyane (ho fihlela ho 6 cm) ho tloha ka taelo ea euphausiaceae. Libakeng tse fapaneng, leruarua le khetha mefuta e 1-2 ea li-crustaceans tse itsoelang haholo.
Boholo ba li-ketologists ba kholisehile hore litlhapi tse lenaneng la Great Northern Minke whale li bile teng ka phoso: ea li metsa hammoho le plankton.
Litsebi tse ling tsa baeloji li na le bonnete ba hore leruarua le leputsoa le lebisa tlhokomelo ho li-squid tse boholo bo mahareng le litlhapi tse nyane tse kenang sekolo ha ho se na li-crustaceans tse kholo tsa planktonic haufi le moo.
Ka mpeng, ho fihlela qubu ea mahlatsa a khotsofalitsoeng, ho ka fuoa lithane tse 1 ho isa ho 1.5 tsa fepa.
Ho tsoala leruarua le leputsoa
Ho hlatsa monna a le mong ho netefatsoa ke nako ea lenyalo le botšepehi ba monna, ea lulang a le haufi le kharebe ea hae mme a sa mo lahle maemong a mabe.
Lilemong tse ling le tse ling tse peli (hangata mariha), ngoana o le mong o tsoaloa ka para, e tsamaisoang ke e tšehali ka likhoeli tse ka bang 11. 'Mè o mo fepa ka lebese (mafura a 34-50%) likhoeli tse ka bang 7: nakong ena, lesea le fumana boima ba lithane tse 23 mme le otlolla ho fihla ho limithara tse 16 ka bolelele.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ka ho fepa lebese (lilithara tse 90 tsa lebese ka letsatsi), namane letsatsi le leng le le leng e ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 80-100 mme e hola ka lisenthimithara tse fetang tse 4. Ka sekhahla sena, ha a le lilemo li le leng le halofo ka keketseho ea limithara tse 20, e boima ba lithane tse 45-50.
Bokhoni ba ho hlatsa bo qala ka lilemo tse 4-5: ka nako ena, e tšehali e nyane e hola ho fihla ho limithara tse 23. Empa kholo ea ho qetela ea 'mele, joalo ka kholo e felletseng ea leruarua (limithara tse 26-27), e hlaha feela ka lilemo tse 14-15.
Habitat, habitats
Ho se ho fetile matsatsi ao leruarua le leputsoa le ileng la hohlapaka botebong ba leoatle lohle. Mehleng ea rona, sebaka sa mahlatsa sea arohana ebile se tloha Leoatleng la Chukchi le mabopong a Greenland, ho haola Novaya Zemlya le Spitsbergen ho ea Antarctic. Leruarua le leholo le ka leboea la minke, moeti ea sa tloaelehang libakeng tsa tropike, o lula maoatleng a futhumetseng a Leboea la Lefatše (haufi le Taiwan, boroa Japane, Mexico, California, Leboea la Afrika le Caribbean), hammoho le Southern Hemisphere (haufi le Australia, Ecuador, Peru, Madagascar le Boroa. Afrika).
Lehlabula, leruarua le leputsoa le lula metsing a Leoatle la Atlantic Leboea, Antarctica, leoatle la Chukchi le la Bering.
Leruarua le leputsoa le monna
Phofu ea indasteri e hlatsitsoeng hoo e ka bang ha ea ka ea e-ba teng ho fihlela lilemong tsa bo-60 tsa lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo ka lebaka la libetsa tse fosahetseng tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi: leruarua le ile la tšoaroa ka khaba ea letsoho le likepeng tse bulehileng. Ho bolaoa ha liphoofolo ka bongata ho qalile ka 1868, kamora ho theoa ha khanono ea harpoon.
Kamora ho lala ha Ntoa ea Pele ea Lefatše, ho tsoma leruarua ho ile ha tsepamisa maikutlo le ho feta ka lebaka la lintlha tse peli: pele, ho ts'oaroa ha li-cetacean ho fihlile boemong bo bocha ba mechini, 'me, ho bobeli, ho ne ho hlokahala hore ho batloe mofani e mocha oa leruarua le mafura, ho tloha ha batho ba humpback leruarua le fokotsehile haholo.
Hoo e ka bang li-whale tse putsoa tse 325,000-360,000 li ile tsa bolaoa lebopong la Antarctic feela lilemong tseo, empa ho ts'oasa ha tsona ho ne ho thibetsoe feela ka 1966.
Hoa tsebahala hore mekhoa ea hoqetela ea ho hlatsa e seng molaong e tlalehiloe ka molao ka 1978.
Boemo ba baahi
Lintlha tse mabapi le palo ea pele ea maruarua a maputsoa lia fapana: ho hlaha lipalo tse peli - liphoofolo tse likete tse 215 le likete tse 350... Ha ho na bonngoe khakanyong ea hajoale ea liphoofolo. Ka 1984, sechaba se ile sa ithuta hore ho na le li-blues tse ka bang 1,9 likete tse lulang Karolong e ka Leboea ea Lefatše, 'me tse ka bang likete tse 10 Karolong e ka Boroa ea Lefatše, halofo ea tsona ke subspecies tse nyane.
Hona joale, lipalo-palo li fetohile. Litsebi tse ling tsa ketologists li lumela hore lefatšeng ho na le li-whale tse blue tse likete tse 1,3, ha bahanyetsi ba bona ba sebetsa ka linomoro tse fapaneng: batho ba likete tse 3-4 ba lula Karolong e ka Leboea ea Lefatše le ba 5-10 ba likete tse ka boroa.
Ha ho se na litšokelo tse tobileng ho baahi ba hlatsoitsoeng, ho na le likotsi tse kholo tse sa tobang:
- letlooa le boreleli (ho fihlela ho 5 km);
- ho thulana ha maruarua le likepe;
- tšilafalo ea leoatle;
- khatello ea lentsoe e ile ea hlatsisoa ke lerata la likepe.
Palo ea leruarua le leputsoa ea phela, empa butle haholo. Li-ketologists li tšaba hore maruarua a maputsoa a ke ke a hlola a khutlela lipalo tsa ona tsa pele.
