Puisanong ea hore na ho a khonahala ho fa likatse tlhapi, ha ho na thollo ea 'nete e seng e fumanoe. "Che" ea mantlha e tsoang ho litsebi tsa baeloji e tla e le khanyetsano e sa lumellaneng le boiphihlelo ba barati ba likatse, bao vaska ea bona e pholohileng ho fihlela moriri o moputsoa, e ja litlhapi feela.
Melemo le likotsi tsa litlhapi lijong tsa kat
Haeba u tlosa sekotlolo sa lijo ho katse ebe u e romella bohobe bo sa lefelloeng, o tla hopola hore tlala ha se boiphihlelo ba 'mangoane ba hae mme o tla qala ho tsoma liphoofolo tse nyane, ho kenyelletsa le litoeba, linonyana, li-amphibian (li-newt le lihoho), lihahabi (mekholutsoane le linoha), likokoanyana tse se nang mokokotlo, jj. ehlile, litlhapi. Tlohela katse e bolaoang ke tlala lebopong 'me u tla bona kamoo ka bokhabane, e otlang hlapi e sa hlokomelang, ka kotlo e le' ngoe ea maoto a eona.
Melemo ea litlhapi
Ha ho makatse hore likatse tse ngata li lahleheloa ke lihlooho ka lebaka la litlhapi: ho na le lintho tse fokolang haholo tse sebetsang ebile ka nako e le 'ngoe lijo tse silang habonolo lefatšeng.... Le mefuta ea likhalori tse phahameng haholo ha e na mafura a fetang 25-30%, 'me protheine ea tlhapi e feta liprotheine tsa nama ho latela sekhahla sa tšilo le boteng ba li-amino acid tse ikhethang. Re ka re'ng ka mafura a omega-3 le omega-6 a mafura, a ts'ehetsang bophelo ba mesifa le pelo ka ho laola lits'ebetso tsa li-intercellular. Ho na le li-acid tsena haholoholo ka mefuta ea mafura, joalo ka:
- salemone;
- mackerel;
- tuna;
- salemone;
- Mookoli;
- herring;
- saratintsí.
Litlhapi ke mochini o tsoelang pele oa vithamine le diminerale, moo livithamini A, D, E li kopantsoeng ka kutloano le tšepe, calcium, zinki, phosphorus, magnesium le selenium. Baahi ba maoatle ba kenyelletsa iodine, cobalt le fluorine lenaneng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ho na le lisele tse fokolang tse hokahanang liprotheine tsa tlhapi, mme le tsona li emeloa haholo-holo ke collagen, e fetotsoeng kapele ho ba gelatin (foromo e qhibilihang). Ke ka lebaka leo litlhapi li belang hang-hang, 'me ka mpeng li inehela mokhoeng oa tšilo ea lijo ntle le khanyetso.
Ka lona lebaka leo, liprotheine tsa tlhapi li ananeloa ke 93-98%, le liprotheine tsa nama ke 87-89% feela.... Litsebi tsa phepo li rata litlhapi bakeng sa likhalori tsa eona tse tlase: 100 g ea litlhapi tsa noka e tla fa 'mele 70-90 kcal, ha nama ea khomo - e batla e le habeli.
Palo ea protheine ea mefuta e fapaneng ea litlhapi ea fapana. Baemeli ba kholo ea odara ea litlhapi tsa salmon (litlhapi tsa salmon, whitefish, salmon, rainbow trout), tuna le sturgeon (stellate sturgeon le beluga) ke polokelo ea liprotheine.
Kotsi le kotsi
Joale ha re mamele likhang tsa lingaka, litsebi tsa baeloji le barati ba likatse, bao liphoofolo tsa bona tsa lapeng li nang le ts'ebeliso e mpe ea litlhapi. Lethathamo la likopo le kenyelletsa lintho tse ka bang leshome le metso e 'meli.
Tlhahiso ea urolithiasis. Ena ke qoso e atileng ka ho fetisisa khahlano le litlhapi. Ho ba teng ha eona khafetsa lenaneng ho thoe ho thatafatsa ts'ebetso ea liphio le pampitšana ea ho ntša metsi, ho beha molato o feteletseng oa magnesium le ho se lekalekane ha diminerale ka kakaretso.
Bohlokoa! Haufinyane, tseko e felisitsoe hore majoe a senya le liphio a kentsoe feela liphoofolong tse faotsoeng. Ha e le hantle, ICD e qala ka ho tsoala likatse le likatse tse se nang matla a banna.
Ho imeloa kelellong. E etsahala likatse tse jang lijo tse tala tsa mono tlhapi. Li na le ho se sebetse hantle ha tekano ea redox, e lebisang ho taolo ea li-radicals tse kotsi tse sa lefelloeng.
Khaello ea calcium. Ho makatsang ke hore, li-giblet tsohle tsa litlhapi, letlalo le masapo li na le khalsiamo e nyane haholo. Khahlanong le semelo sa karolo e eketsehileng ea phosphorus (e nang le mofuta oa tlhaho oa phepo e nepahetseng), sena se boetse se tletse maloetse lebaleng la ho ntša metsi.
Botenya. E bakoa ke khaello ea vithamine E, e kopantsoe le mafura a mangata a mafura. Ka kateng, lisele tsa adipose lia chesa, seaparo sea fifala, ho tepella hoa hlaha, mocheso oa phahama mme takatso ea lijo ea nyamela. Bakeng sa panniculitis (lefu le bosehla ba mafura), likatse ha lia lokela ho ts'oaroa hobane li bohloko ho mamella le ts'ebetso e thata ho feta.
Ho hloka taolo ea metabolism. E hlaha ka lebaka la khaello ea vithamine B1, e amehang lits'ebetsong tsohle tsa ts'ebetsong. E senngoa ke enzyme e khethehileng (thiaminase) e kenelletseng hloohong le ka hare ho litlhapi. Litlhapi tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa tsa thiaminase li tsejoa e le pike, carp, bream, smelt, whitefish, minnow, catfish, chub, ide, herring, herring, capelin, sardinella, sardine, smelt, perch, crucian carp, tench, chebak, burbot, sprat, hamsa, sprat , magpie, catfish ea leoatleng, eelpout le bream sea.
Thiaminase e felloa ke matla nakong ea ho pheha halofo ea hora, empa nakong ena litlhapi le tsona li lahleheloa ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa... Benfotiamine (e nang le mafura a qhibilihang ka mafura a vithamine B1) e ka eketsoa lijong tsa kat, e monyang betere ho feta thiamine.
Phokolo ea mali ea khaello ea tšepe. Ka linako tse ling e bakoa ke ho ja litlhapi tse ncha tse nang le trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). E tlama tšepe, e e hlokisa bokhoni ba eona ba ho monyela. Phokolo ea mali e hlaha likatseng tse fepuoang:
- herring ea ho tšoasa mariha;
- sephali;
- pollock;
- capelin;
- haddock;
- hake ea silevera
- Tsela ea Esmark;
- bosoeu bo boputsoa le mefuta e meng.
Trimethylamine oxide e liehisa kholo ea likatsana mme e baka ho hloka thari ho batho ba baholo. TMAO le eona ea bola nakong ea ho pheha, empa haeba ho na le tlhapi ea cod e ngata lijong, ea morao e tlameha ho ba e leka-lekaneng, hobane tšepe e tsoang lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo e monyela habonolo. Tsela e 'ngoe ke ho fa katse ea hau tlatsetso ea tšepe.
Hyperthyroidism. Lefu lena, ho ea ka Setsi sa Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho ea Amerika, le bakoa ke tšebeliso e fetelletseng ea litlhapi. Ka 2007, Maamerika a ile a etsa phuputso e bonts'itseng hore hyperthyroidism e na le menyetla e mehlano ea ho bonoa likatse tse jang litlhapi tse entsoeng ka makotikoting ho feta ba jang nama.
Tlhaselo ea Helminthic. Kahoo, mohloli oa opisthorchiasis (o amang ruri manyeme, gallbladder le sebete) e ka ba tlhapi ea carp. Ho tsona ha ho phele feela likokoana-hloko tsa feline tse bakang opisthorchiasis, empa hape le li-helminths tse ling, ka mohlala, li-tapeworms.
Phokotso ea mali a hoama. Litlhapi ha li khone ho tšehetsa tlhahiso ea vithamine K, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho hoama ho nepahetseng. Ka lebaka la khaello ea vithamine K, likatse tse itšetlehileng ka litlhapi hangata lia shoa. Sesosa sa lefu ke ho tsoa mali ka mpeng le sebeteng. Ha se lingaka tsohle tsa bongaka ba liphoofolo tse buellang tšebeliso ea menadione, e nkang sebaka sa metsi se nang le vithamine K, kaha e chefo haholo. Menadion e entsoe morao koana USSR tlasa letšoao la khoebo la Vikasol.
Mathata a silang lijo. Li etsahala ka lebaka la bongata ba makhasi a mafura kapa ho fepa ho monate, ha katse e fuoa feela lebese, caviar kapa lihlooho tsa litlhapi. Ha u seha litlhapi, tseba mafura a eona ka leihlo ho sireletsa phoofolo ea hau ea lapeng letšollong.
Kotsi ea masapo. Masapo a litlhapi a na le masapo a kotsi haholo (a manyane le a maholo) a tšoarellehang habonolo molaleng, 'metso esita le mala.
Mefuta ea lijo. Mabapi le khafetsa ea khatello ea maikutlo (ka lebaka la histamine), litlhapi li ho TOP-3 ea lihlahisoa tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa ntlheng ena.
Chefo ea Scombroid. Lebitso lena le tsoa lelapeng la mackerel (Latin Scombridae), le kenyeletsang mackerel, mackerel, tuna le mefuta e meng e amanang le eona. Le mona ho hlokomeloa histamine, e sebetsang joalo ka chefo e lokollotsoeng nakong ea ho bola ha bakere ea mackerel. Bakeng sa chefo ea scombroid, joalo ka ho kula, ho khothalletsoa li-antihistamine.
Chefo e phahameng. E hlalosoa ke boteng ba letsoai le boima la tšepe, chefo e bolaeang likokonyana le seretse se seng se chefo, ho kenyeletsoa dioxin le chlorobiphenyls, metsing a metsi. Metsoalle ea morao-rao ha e bontše chefo e feteletseng feela, empa e boetse e hanyetsa hantle haholo: li bokellana 'meleng ka lilemo tse ngata, ha li ntse li sa bola.
Hoa thahasellisa! Lipolasi tsa litlhapi ke libaka tsa ho ikatisa tsa li-chlorbiphenyls, tse fumanoang litlhaping tse halikiloeng le mafura, tse fepeloang ho salmon. Ho latela koranta ea Science, salmon ea indasteri e na le li-chlorobiphenyl tse fetang makhetlo a 7 ho feta saalmon e hlaha.
Khahlanong le semelo sa tsohle tse boletsoeng, tlokotsi ea ho qetela e shebahala e se na kotsi, empa e ka senya bophelo ba motho ea ratang katse ka kutlo e matla ea monko: mantle a likatse tse itšetlehileng ka litlhapi (haholo-holo pollock) li hlahisa monko o ke keng oa hlalosoa.
Ke litlhapi tsa mofuta ofe tseo u ka li fang katse ea hau
Likatse tse ngata li rata monko / tatso ea litlhapi, 'me hang ha li e tloaela, li hlokomoloha lijo tse ling.... Ha u khetha lipakeng tsa baahi ba leoatle le ba metsi a hloekileng, ho molemo ho lula ho tsa pele (tse nang le likarolo tse phahameng tsa lirafshoa).
E latelang, batla mefuta e sa bokelleng tšepe e boima:
- salemone;
- pollock, herring;
- litlhapi tsa sardine le hake;
- li-anchovies le catfish;
- tilapia le haddock;
- cod le noka trout;
- ho theteha le ho soeufala.
Mofani oa tlhapi e monate ka ho fetisisa, e phetseng hantle ebile e se kotsi (e holang naheng) ke lelapa la salmon: salmon e pinki, salmon, salmon ea chum, trout, saalmon ea sockeye, saalmon ea chinook, salmon ea coho, trout e sootho, omul, whitefish, char, taimen, grayling le lenok.
Bakeng sa likatse tse tsofetseng le tse nonneng haholo, mefuta e metenya joalo ka European flounder, halibut, cod, hake le haddock li loketse. Haeba o fana ka litlhapi, ebang li tala kapa li phehiloe, tlosa masapo ha ho khonahala. Lingaka tse ling tsa liphoofolo li tsitlella ts'ebelisong ea litlhapi tse tala (!) Tsa Cod, moo ho se nang li-helminths.
Ke litlhapi life tse sa lokelang ho fuoa likatse
Litlhapi tsohle tsa noka / letša li ka ba kotsi ho baleen, haholo ho ba tloaetseng ho itšetleha ka beng ba tsona... Li-vaska tsa mahaeng, tse tloaetseng litlhapi tse nyane, ha li bipetsoe ke masapo, empa ho molemo hore likatse tsa litoropo tse nang le litapole li sebelise litlhapi tse sehiloeng, tse ntšitsoeng masapo a bohale.
Bohlokoa! Le li-pike tse kholo le li-carps, moo ho nang le masapo a manyane a manyane a bohale, li kotsi. Se ke oa fepa likatse capelin, sprat, whiting e putsoa, pollock le saury. Ha li na thuso. Ho phaella moo, pollock ea Alaska e tšoara palema har'a litlhapi ka ho khanya.
Haeba ho sa khonehe ho phaphatha katse ea hau ka litlhapi tse ntle, eketsa litokisetso tsa omega-3 le omega-6, joalo ka Nutricoat kapa Brewers Yeast, lijong tsa eona.
