Ka lebaka la bonolo ba eona bo fetelletseng le boits'oaro, khoto ena e nang le khotso e ka etsa phoofolo ea lapeng e ntle. Maemo a mabeli a kena-kenana: capybara e kholo haholo hore e ka lula foleteng mme ha e khone ho phela ntle le pokello ea metsi (letangoana kapa letamo).
Tlhaloso ea Capybara
Kolobe ea metsi ke lebitso la semmuso la capybara.... Maaborijene a Amerika Boroa le Bohareng a bitsa caprinta ka tsela e fapaneng - caprincho, poncho, corpincho, capigua le chiguire. Ho lumeloa hore litoeba li fumane lebitso le nepahetseng ho tsoa merabeng ea Tupi ea Brazil, e mo bitsitseng "ea jang joang bo bosesane" (capybara).
Ponahalo
Sengoli sa Lenyesemane Gerald Durrell o ile a bapisa khoto (ka polelo e khutsitseng e sirelletsang molomo oa eona) le tau e koahelang, a sa lebale ho eketsa hore capybara, ho fapana le morena oa liphoofolo, ke semela sa nama se nang le semelo se setle.
Re ntse re ipotsa hore na motho ea jang limela tsa metsing o khona joang ho fumana rekoto e joalo (khahlano le semelo sa litoeba tse ling) boima: tse tona li boima ba lik'hilograma tse 54-63, tse tšehali li boima ba lik'hilograma tse 62 ho isa ho tse 74. Empa sena ha se moeli - hoa tsebahala hore mosali e mong o jele ho fihlela ho 81, ea bobeli - ho fihlela ho 91 kg.
Bophahamo ba ho pona bo ka bapisoa le ba ntja e kholo 'me bo fihla ho cm 50-62. capybara e na le hlooho e pharaletseng e nang le sekoti se batlang se lekana, se nang le litsebe tse makhethe, linko tse nyane tse arohaneng haholo le mahlo a manyane.
Phoofolo e na le meno a 20, a "tšabehang" ka ho fetisisa ke li-incisors tse kholo tse khanyang tsa lamunu tse tšoanang le li-penknives tse bohale. Meno a marama a se nang metso a hola ho pholletsa le bophelo. Leleme, ka lebaka la li-tubercles tse ngata, le shebahala le le letenya.
Hoa thahasellisa! Seaparo sa capybara se mahoashe ebile se thata, se hola ho fihla ho 3-12 cm, empa ha se na seaparo sa ka tlaase. Ka lebaka la maemo a morao tjena, letlalo la litoeba le chesa kapele tlasa letsatsi, ke ka lebaka leo capybara hangata e robetseng seretseng.
Capybara e shebahala joalo ka moqomo o koahetsoeng ke boea, o tlatsitsoeng ke rump e kholo e senang mohatla. Maotong a ka pele ho na le menoana e mene e matla mme e telele e hoketsoeng ke lera la ho sesa, maotong a morao ho na le a mararo.
Likarolo tsa ka ntle tsa botona le botšehali li ipatile tlasa mokotla oa anal. Mebala ea 'mele e fapana ho tloha mabokoseng a mafubelu ho ea bofubelu bo lefifi, empa mpa e lula e le bobebe ka' mala, hangata e bosootho bo bosehla. Diphoofolo tse ding di na le matheba a matsho difahlehong tsa tsona. Li-capybaras tse nyane li lula li le bobebe ho feta beng ka tsona ba baholo.
Habitat, habitats
Capybara ke letsoalloa la Amerika Bohareng le Boroa, ho kenyeletsoa Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia (ka bochabela), Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay, Bolivia, Uruguay, Argentina (leboea-bochabela), Panama le Guyana.
Capybara e khetha libaka tse lebopong la linoka, mekhoabo, matša le matamo a maiketsetso a koahetsoeng ke pistia le hyacinth ea metsi. Hape o lula merung ea Chaco, makhulong (a nang le likolobe tsa menoana / joang ba Guinea) le masimong, meru e batlang e omella le masabasaba a likhohola.
Molamu o ka fumanoa maralleng (ho fihla ho 1300 m), hammoho le mobu o letsoai le o metsi, ho kenyelletsa mekhoabo ea mangrove... Boemo bo ka sehloohong ke boteng ba letamo le bulehileng haufinyane (ha ho feta halofo ea kilomitara).
Mokgwa wa bophelo
Bophelo bohle ba capybara bo kentsoe metsing - mona bo tima lenyora le tlala, bo hlahisa, bo phomola le ho laola mocheso oa 'mele, bo sa lebale ho phalla ka hara seretse.
Likhoto li theha lihlopha tsa malapa (liphoofolo tse 10-20), tse ts'oanang le basali: e tona e hlaheletseng, basali ba 'maloa ba holileng ka thobalano ba nang le bana le ba batona, ntle le maemo ba nyenyefatsa karolo ea ho kenya inseminator ho moetapele. Ba morao-rao, ba utloang tlholisano, hangata ba leleka lira tsa bona, ke ka lebaka leo banna ba 5-10% ba lulang e le mekotla.
Capybaras (banna le basali) ba na le litšoelesa tse kopaneng haufi le anus, tse ntšang monko oa motho ka mong. Lekunutu le hlahisoang ke tšoelesa e tona ea e tona e supa boemo ba eona mohlapeng.
Sebaka sa lihekthere tsa 1-10 (mme ka linako tse ling lihekthere tse 200) se tšoaroang ke sehlopha se tšoailoe ka masapo a nko le a anal, leha ho le joalo, likhohlano tsa lehae lia etsahala. Ka tsela eo, ntoa ea boeta-pele mohlapeng o le mong ha e fele ka lefu, empa pheletso e bohloko joalo e khonahala haeba banna ba tsoang lihlopheng tse fapaneng ba le ntoeng.
Nakong ea lipula, capybaras e hasana sebakeng se seholo, empa komello e qobella mehlape ho bokana mabopong a noka le matša. Ka nako ena, li-capybaras tse makholo li bokellana haufi le letamo, ka linako tse ling li hlola tse fetang li-km tsa 1,000 ho batla mongobo o fanang ka bophelo.
Hoseng, liphoofolo li lula metsing. Letsatsi le chesang le ba khannela metsing a sa tebang kapa seretseng. Likolobe tsa metsi a Burrow ha li cheke, empa li robala fatše ka kotloloho... Ka linako tse ling u ka bona kamoo capybaras e nkang boemo bo tloaelehileng ba thuto, e lutseng lethekeng.
Li fapana le litoeba tse ling ka ho ba sieo ha bokhoni ba ho ts'oara lijo tsa tsona ka maoto a tsona a ka pele. Tlhoro ea ts'ebetso e bonoa kamora hora ea bone mantsiboea le ka shoalane, kamora 20:00. Capybaras e robala hanyane, e tsoha hara mpa ea bosiu ho itsoafatsa.
Re ithutile mefuta e 'meli ea motsamao oa lefats'e - ho tsukutleha le ho matha. Haeba ho na le kotsi, ba siea sera ka ho tlola kapele. Capybaras ke sesesi se hloahloa, se thusoa ke lera la mefuta e fapaneng le mafura a tsotehang.
Li-capybaras li khona ho kokotletsa, ho hooa, ho bohola, ho letsa mololi, ho hoeshetsa, ho honotha, ho hohola le ho tsikitlanya meno.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ho hoeletsa, joalo ka ho bohola, ba sebelisa ho hlokomelisa mohlape oa ts'okelo, le ho hooa haeba ba le bohlokong kapa matšoenyehong. Ha li buisana le batho ba tsoalo, li ntša melumo e tobileng, 'me hangata ho sila meno ho tsamaea le lintoa lipakeng tsa tse tona.
Li-capybaras, tse bolokiloeng botlamuoeng, li ithutile ho kopa lijo ka melumo e ts'oanang le ea ho honotha.
Bolele ba bophelo
Likolobe tsa metsing tse kenang lirapeng tsa liphoofolo kapa beng ba tsona ba bonts'a nako e telele ea ho phela ho feta liphoofolo tse phelang naheng. Makhoba a phela lilemo tse 10-12, le li-capybaras tsa mahala - ho tloha ho lilemo tse 6 ho isa ho tse 10.
Lijo, capybara diet
Capybaras ke liphoofolo tse jang nama tse jang limela tse kenyang limela tse fapaneng lijong tsa tsona haholo-holo tse nang le protheine e ngata. Lijo tsa tlhaho bakeng sa capybaras ke:
- dimela tsa seka-metsing (Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Reimarochloa acuta, Panicum laxum le Rice Leersia);
- setlama sa selemo le selemo Paratheria prostrata;
- mefuta e hananang le komello ea axonopus le Sporobolus indicus;
- sedge (qetellong ea nako ea lipula);
- makhapetla le litholoana tsa lifate;
- kolobe, oxalis le crabgrass;
- furu le methapo.
Likolobe tsa metsi hangata li solla masimong a nang le 'moba, lijo-thollo le mahapu, ke ka lebaka leo litoeba li ileng tsa thathamisoa e le tse senyang lijalo tsa temo.
Eba mohlolisani oa lijo bakeng sa lekhulo la mehlape nakong ea komello... Li-caprophage ke li-coprophage tse tloaelehileng tse jang mantle a tsona, tse thusang liphoofolo ho sila selulose se fuperoeng.
Ho hlahisa capybara
Capybaras e rata menyaka ea lerato selemo ho pota, leha e nyalana hangata qalong ea nako ea lipula, e etsahalang ka Mmesa / Mots'eanong Venezuela le Mphalane / Pulungoana naheng ea Brazil.
Ho shebella ho tsoala, halofo e tona e hohela balekane ba eona, ho tšoaea limela tse li potileng ka liphiri tsa tsona. Potoloho ea mosali e nka matsatsi a 7-9, ha sethala se amohelang se nka lihora tse 8 feela.
E tona e lelekisa e tšehali, e butsoitse hore e kopane, e qala mobu, ebe e le metsing a sa tebang. Hang ha e tšehali e emisitse, molekane o kenella ka morao, a etsa li-jerks tse mahlahahlaha tse 6-10. Hangata, e tšehali e khona ho mamella likamano tsa thobalano tse ka bang 20 ntle le litšitiso tse fokolang (ka molekane a le mong kapa ba fapaneng).
Ho beha ho nka matsatsi a 150... Boholo ba tsoalo bo etsahala ka Loetse-Pulungoana. E tšehali, joalo ka molao, e tsoala hang ka selemo, empa ho tsoaloa hangata ho ka etsahala, haeba lira li sa utloise bohloko mme ho na le lijo tse ngata ho potoloha.
Capybara e lumelloa ho tloha moroalo maemong a Spartan, fatše, e tsoala menoana a mabeli ho isa ho a robeli, a koahetsoeng ka boea le malinyane a bonang ka ho felletseng, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hula 1.5 kg. Tse tshehadi kaofela tsa mohlape di hlokomela malinyane, mme mme o fepa masea ka lebese ho fihlela dikgwedi tse 3-4, leha nakoana kamora ho tswalwa di hlafuna jwang ka botsona.
Ho emola ka capybaras ho etsahala likhoeling tse 15-18, ha li ja ho fihlela ho 30-40 kg.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Capybaras, leha e le boholo ba eona bo khahlang, ha e na batho ba seng bakae ba sa e rateng. Lethathamong la lira tsa tlhaho tsa capybara:
- likolobe;
- mangau;
- li-caimans;
- ocelots;
- likoena;
- lintja tse hlaha;
- bo-anaconda.
Lintja tsa 'makhonthe li kotsi haholo ho litoeba tse holang, tse tsomang le linonyana tse jang nama ea lelapa la manong, haholo-holo American catarta e ntšo. Capybaras li ithutile ho qoba lira tsa fatše ka metsing, li siea linko tsa tsona feela holimo ho hema.
Monna enoa o bile le letsoho la ho fokotsa palo ea likolobe tsa metsi, a li bolaea bakeng sa nama (e ts'oanang le nama ea kolobe), lisisi tse pharalletseng (tse sebelisetsoang mabenyane) le letlalo (bakeng sa haberdashery).
Hoa thahasellisa! Lilemong tse ka bang 300 tse fetileng, Kereke e K'hatholike e ile ea amohela capybara ... joalo ka tlhapi e le hore litho tsa kereke li ka ja nama ea eona ntle le lithibelo nakong ea Lente. Hamorao qeto ena e sa utloahaleng e ile ea hlakoloa.
Matsatsing ana, capybaras e hlahisoa mapolasing a Latin America ho ntša nama, letlalo le mafura a ka tlasa letlalo (bakeng sa tlhahiso ea meriana). Likhoto tse hlaha tse lelera masimong hangata li oela tlas'a letsoho le chesang la balemi ba sa khotsofalang ke bonyollo ba batšosi.
Ho boloka capybara hae
Hlama ena ea semelo se setle e ananeloa haholo - litsing tse khethehileng li fana ka li-capybaras ka theko ea li-ruble tse likete tse 120 le ho feta... Leha ho na le botle ba mohlala le bohloeki bo phethahetseng, ke batho ba ruileng haholo feela ba nang le ntlo ea bona ea mahaeng ba tla tseba ho boloka capybara.
U tla hloka ho aha ntloana e bulehileng e bulehileng ka lihlahla tse hasang le letamo (letamo kapa letamo), 'me mariha - ntlo e sirelelitsoeng. Ho molemo ho ratha e motona (ntle le mosali), hobane, ha a se a le lilemong tsa bocha, o tla lula a hlekefetsa mong'a hae. Ha ba le botlamuoeng, menyu ea capybara e ba e fapaneng haholo ka lebaka la ho kenyelletsoa ho eona:
- litholoana / meroho;
- litlama le furu;
- lijo tse ommeng tsa ntja le lijo tsa makotikoti
- granules bakeng litoeba.
Bohlokoa!Bakeng sa ho sila li-incisors, ho tla hlokahala hore o lule o beha makala a moluoane kapa birch.
Ka kakaretso, capybara e ntle bakeng sa karolo ea phoofolo ea lapeng: e tsamaisoa ka leash ebile e bile e rutoa maqheka a bonolo. Capybara e thapisitsoeng hangata e kopa lerato mme e rata ho ngoapisoa ka mpeng, hangata e robala ka nako e le ngoe.
