Baemeli bohle ba lelapa la salmon ba ananeloa bakeng sa makhasi a bona a bonolo le caviar e kholo e monate. Chum saalmon le eona ke mokhelo - tlhapi e makatsang e ts'oaroang ka bongata mme e ratoa haholo ke batho ba Bochabela bo Hare.
Tlhaloso ea chum
Ho na le mefuta e 2 ea salemone ea chum, e khetholloang ke nako ea ho matha: hlabula (ho hola ho fihlela 60-80 cm) le hoetla (70-100 cm). Lehlabula la salmon ea lehlabula e hola butle haholo ho feta saalm ea hoetla ea lehoetla, ke ka hona hangata e leng tlase ho ea bobeli ka boholo.
Bohlokoa! Litlhapi tse sa tloaelehang ke ba sebelisang karolo e le 'ngoe ea bophelo ba bona ka leoatleng,' me e ngoe e le linokeng tse phallelang ho eona (nakong ea ho tsoala).
Ponahalo
Chum e na le hlooho e kholo e nang le mahlo a manyane, e nang le mohlahare o mosesane o otlolohileng le o molelele.... 'Mele o petelitsoe hanyane ka mahlakore ka bobeli ebile o lelelele. Mapheoana (a manaka le a ka morao) a hole haholo ho tloha hloohong ho feta mohatleng.
Ka holim'a tsohle, salmon ea chum e ts'oana le salmon e pinki, empa, ho fapana le eona, e na le sekala se seholo le li-gill stamens tse fokolang. Hape, salmon ea chum ha e na matheba a matšo ntlheng ea 'mele le' meleng. 'Me litšobotsi tsa bobeli tsa thobalano ho saalmon ea chum (khahlano le semelo sa salmon e pinki) ha li bue hakaalo.
Ka metsing a leoatle, 'mele o moholo, o melelele oa litlhapi o khanya ka silevera. Ka nako ena, chum salmon e na le nama e khubelu e teteaneng le e khanyang. Ha ho tsoala ho atamela, liphetoho tse hlakileng tsa 'mele lia qala, li bonahala haholo ho banna.
Mmala oa silevera o iphetola ho ba bosehla bo sootho, mabala a pherese a khanyang a hlahella ka mahlakoreng, letlalo lea tenya, 'me sekala se ba sephiri. 'Mele o hola ka bophara mme, kamoo ho ka boleloang, o boreleli; ho banna, mehlahare e kobehile, eo meno a khahlisang a kobehileng a holang ho eona.
Haufi le ho hlahisa, tlhapi e ntšo (ka ntle le ka hare). Metsoako ea li-gill arches, leleme le mahalapa li ba le 'mala o motšo,' me nama e ba bobebe ebile e soeufala. Chum salmon naheng ena e bitsoa catfish - nama ea eona ha e tšoanele batho, empa e sebelisoa ke lintja ka yukola.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ralitaba tsa semmuso tse kholo ka ho fetisisa e ne e le saalmon ea chum e neng e tšoeroe profinseng e ka bophirima ea Canada, British Columbia. Mohope o hule lik'hilograma tse 19 ka bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 112. Ke 'nete, baahi ba Khabarovsk ba tiisa hore ba phethile khafetsa saalmon ea chum ho tloha Nokeng ea Okhota ea 1.5 mitha ka' ngoe.
Boitšoaro ba litlhapi
Bophelo ba salmon ea chum bo arotsoe likarolo tse peli: ho fepa (nako ea leoatle) le ho hlahisa (noka). Karolo ea pele e nka nako ho fihlela bohlankana kapa boroetsaneng. Ha e fepa, litlhapi lia ferekana 'me li nona boima ba leoatle, hole le meeli ea lebopong. Ho ba le bana ho lula ho le lilemo li 3-5, hangata ho feta lilemo tse 6-7.
Hang ha salemone ea chum e kena lilemong tsa ho ba le bana, eseng feela ponahalo ea eona, empa le mokhoa oa eona oa bophelo o fetoha haholo. Sebopeho sa litlhapi sea senyeha mme mabifi a hlaha. Litlhapi tsa chum li khobokellane ka mehlape e meholo ho fallela melomong ea linoka moo ho qhotsoang.
Karolelano ea boholo ba litlhapi tse tla tsoala: mefuta e fapaneng ea lehlabula - 0.5 m, hoetla - ho tloha ho 0,75 ho isa ho 0,8 m. Shoals e lula e arotsoe ka batho ba holileng tsebong le ba sa holang moeeng.... Ba sa itokisetsang ho qhala ba khutlela mabopong a boroa. Mehlala e holileng ka thobalano e ntse e tsoela pele ho ea libakeng tse behang, moo e sa reretsoeng ho khutlela teng.
Lehlabula la salmon ea lehlabula le kena linokeng (e leng ntho e utloahalang) pejana ho chum ea hoetla, e emisa tsela ea eona qalong ea mefuta e fapaneng ea hoetla. Hlabula hangata e behela mahe matsatsi a 30 pejana ho hoetla, empa ea ho qetela e a feta ka palo ea mahe a eona.
Bolele ba bophelo
Ho lumeloa hore nako ea bophelo ea salmon ea chum e oela nakong ea lilemo tse 6-7, boholo ba lilemo tse 10.
Habitat, habitats
Har'a salmon e 'ngoe ea Pacific, salmon ea chum e hlahella moleng o molelele ka ho fetisisa le o pharalletseng. Leoatleng le ka bophirima la Pacific, e lula Bering Strait (leboea) ho ea Korea (boroa). Bakeng sa ho hlahisa e kena linokeng tsa metsi a hloekileng a Asia, Bochabela bo Hōle le Amerika Leboea (ho tloha Alaska ho ea California).
Chum salmon e fumaneha ka bongata, haholo-holo linokeng tsa Amur le Okhota, hammoho le Kamchatka, Lihlekehleke tsa Kuril le Sakhalin. Sebaka sa kabo ea salmon ea chum se boetse se koahela letangoana la Leoatle la Arctic, linokeng tsa tsona (Indigirka, Lena, Kolyma le Yana).
Lijo, phepo e nepahetseng
Ha litlhapi li ea ho tsoala ka bongata, li emisa ho ja, e leng se etsang hore litho tsa 'mele tse silang lijo li felloe ke matla.
Nakong ea phepo, lenane la batho ba baholo le na le:
- li-crustaceans;
- shellfish (e nyane);
- hangata - litlhapi tse nyane (gerbils, smelt, herring).
Semalmon ea khale e ntse e hola, litlhapi tse fokolang lijong tsa eona li nkeloa sebaka ke zooplankton.
Fry e ja haholo, e eketsa ho tloha 2.5 ho isa ho 3.5% ea boima ba eona ka letsatsi... Ba chesa liboko tsa likokoanyana, liphoofolo tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo tsa metsing (tse nyane) esita le litopo tse senyehang tsa beng ka bona ba baholo, ho kenyeletsoa le batsoali ba bona.
Salmon e sa butsoang ea maoto (30-40 cm) e tsamaeang ka leoatleng e na le likhetho tsa eona tsa gastronomic:
- li-crustaceans (li-copepod le li-heteropods);
- li-pteropods;
- tunicates;
- krill;
- khekhe jellies;
- litlhapi tse nyane (li-anchovies, smelt, flounder / gobies, gerbils, herring);
- squid sa bacha.
Hoa thahasellisa! Chum salmon hangata e qetella ka ho tšoasa litlhapi ha o tšoasa lihlapi ka leraba le phelang. Kahoo o sireletsa bana bao a ka bang le bona ho litlhapi tse nyane tse jang mahe a chum.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Lehlabula la salmon ea lehlabula le hlaha ho tloha ka Phupu ho isa Loetse, salmon ea lehoetla la lehlabula ho tloha ka Loetse ho isa Pulungoana (Sakhalin) le ho tloha ka Mphalane ho isa Pulungoana (Japane). Ntle le moo, tsela e eang sebakeng sa ho hlahisa mefuta ea lehlabula e khuts'oane haholo ho feta ea mefuta ea hoetla. Ka mohlala, lehlabuleng la Amur litlhapi hlōla 600-700 km le noka, 'me ka hoetla - hoo e ka bang 2 sekete.
Chum salmon e kenella le ho feta ho tsoa molomong linokeng tsa Amerika (Columbia le Yukon) - bohole ba lik'hilomithara tse likete tse tharo. Bakeng sa libaka tsa ho tsoala, litlhapi li batla libaka tse nang le boemo ba leholimo bo khutsitseng le lejoe le katlase, le nang le mocheso o nepahetseng oa ho tsoala (ho tloha ho +1 ho ea ho +12 likhato tsa Celsius). Ke 'nete hore serameng se matla hangata caviar ea timela, hobane libaka tsa ho behela li hoama ho ea tlase.
Ha li fihla sebakeng sa ho qhotsisa, litlhapi li arotsoe ka mehlape, e nang le banna ba bangata le e le 'ngoe e tšehali. Tse tona li leleka litlhapi tsa batho ba bang, li itšireletsa. Tsena ke likoti tsa caviar tse koahetsoeng ke lehlabathe. Sebaka sa majoe se bophara ba 1.5-2 m le bolelele ba 2-3 m.
Clutch e le 'ngoe e na le mahe a ka bang 4000... Peakanyo ea sehlaha le ho tsoala e nka matsatsi a 3 ho isa ho a mahlano. Nakoana ho feta beke, e tšehali e ntse e lebela sehlaha, empa e shoa kamora matsatsi a fetang 10.
Hoa thahasellisa! Chum salmon e na le mahe a maholo a tebileng a lamunu ka bophara ba 7.5-99 mm. 'Mala oa' mala o na le boikarabello ba ho khotsofatsa sefuba ka oksijene (bakeng sa matsatsi a 90-120) ho fihlela e fetoha sefuba se felletseng.
Matsatsi a mang a 80 a sebelisoa ho khutlisetsoa yolk sac, kamora moo monya o potlakela tlase ho ea fihla metsing a leoatle (lebopong). Ho fihlela lehlabuleng le tlang, li-fry li fepa likoung le likoung, 'me ha li se li holile, li sesa ka leoatleng, hole le ho hlahisa melatsoana le linoka.
Boleng ba khoebo ba saalmon ea chum bo bohlokoa haholo, litlhapi li tšoaroa ka bongata
Lira tsa tlhaho
Litlhapi li thathamisitsoe lenaneng la lira tsa tlhaho tsa chum roe le Fry:
- char le grey;
- kunja le burbot;
- Moea oa Asia;
- nelma le minnow;
- lenok le malma;
- lebone la lebone le kaluga.
Salmon ea batho ba baholo le e ntseng e hola e na le lenane le fapaneng la batho ba sa rateng, le nang le phoofolo e jang liphoofolo le linonyana:
- bere;
- tiiso e fapaneng;
- leruarua la beluga;
- otter;
- noka ea noka;
- tsubella;
- tern;
- merganser.
Boleng ba khoebo
Ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa khoebo ea chum salmon ho etsoa ka bongata, leha ho le joalo, ho kotuloa ka bongata bo bonyenyane (ha bo bapisoa le ba salmon e pinki).
Har'a lisebelisoa tsa setso tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi ke matlooa (a phaphametseng / a tsitsitseng) le seine (sepache / lesira). Naheng ea rona, chalmon ea chum e tšoasoa haholo-holo ka matlooa a behiloeng bohareng ba linoka le libaka tse lebopong la leoatle.... Ntle le moo, salmon ea chum e se e fetohile sepheo se monate sa litsomi tse seng molaong.
Hoa thahasellisa!Ho ne ho khonahala ho fihlela tumellano le batšoasi ba litlhapi ba Majapane ka nako, empa libaka tse ngata tsa ho lokisa litlhapi (hammoho le metsana e haufi ea ho tšoasa litlhapi) ha lia ka tsa khutlisoa.
E le hore litlhapi li se ke tsa tsamaea hampe, limela tsa ts'ebetso ea linako tsa selemo li beoa pela libaka tseo li tšoasitsoeng ho tsona. Hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 50 tse fetileng, likhoebo tse ngata tse joalo li ile tsa emisa ka lebaka la phoso ea Japane, e neng e sebelisa likhokahano tse fetang likete tse 15 tsa marang-rang moeling oa libaka tsa USSR. Saalmon ea Pacific (chum saalmon) e ne e ke ke ea khutlela matšeng le linōkeng tsa Kamchatka, libakeng tsa setso tsa ho tsoala, tse ileng tsa fokotsa palo ea litlhapi tsa bohlokoa haholo.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Ho tsoma ka likhoka le phofu e sa laoloeng, hammoho le ho senyeha ha sebaka sa tlhaho sa chum saalm ho lebisitse ho fokotseheng ho hlakileng ha baahi ba eona Russia.
Ke mehato ea ts'ireletso feela e phatlalalitsoeng boemong ba mmuso e lumelletsoeng ho khutlisa baahi (ho fihlela joale hanyane)... Matsatsing ana, ho ts'oara salmon ea chum bakeng sa bo-ramatsete ho lekantsoe mme ho lumelloa feela kamora ho reka laesense.
