Petrels (Procellariidae) ke lelapa le kenyeletsang linonyana tsa leoatle tse ncha-pygmy, tseo e leng tsa mofuta oa li-petrel. Sehlopha sa li-petrels se emeloa ke mefuta e mengata, 'me ke linonyana tse boholo bo mahareng haholo.
Litšobotsi tse akaretsang
Hammoho le li-petrel tse ling, litho tsa lelapa la Petrel li na le masoba a maqhubu a karolong e kaholimo ea molomo. Ka masoba ana, ho ntšoa letsoai la leoatle le maro a ka mpeng... Molomo o hokahantsoe ebile o molelele, o na le pheletso le bohale. Karolo ena ea molomo e lumella linonyana ho ts'oara phofu e thellang haholo, ho kenyeletsoa le litlhapi.
Boholo ba baemeli ba li-petrel bo fapana haholo. Mofuta o monyane ka ho fetisisa o emeloa ke li-petrel tse nyane, bolelele ba 'mele oa eona ha bo fete kotara ea mithara e nang le mapheo a bolelele ba 50-60 cm le boima bo boholo ba 165-170 g.
Mokhelo ke li-petrel tse kholohali, tse tšoanang le li-albatross tse nyane ka ponahalo. Boholo ba 'mele oa li-petrels tse kholo ha li fete mitha, e nang le mapheo a bolelele ba limithara tse peli le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 4.9-5.0.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ka ho felletseng mefuta eohle ea batho ba baholo e fofa hantle haholo, empa e fapane ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho fofa.
Masiba a li-petrels a khetholloa ka 'mala o mosoeu, o moputsoa, o sootho kapa o motšo, kahoo mefuta eohle ea lelapa lena e shebahala e sa bonahale ebile e le bonolo. E le molao, ho thata haholo hore motho ea tloaelehileng a khetholle mefuta e ts'oanang le e 'ngoe.
Har'a tse ling, bothata ba phapang bo bakoa ke ho ba sieo ha matšoao a ts'oaetso ea thobalano a bonahalang linonyaneng. Maoto a nonyana ha a ntlafatsoe hantle, kahoo e le hore e lule fatše, petrel e tlameha ho sebelisa mapheo le sefuba ho e tšehetsa.
Kemiso ea Petrel
Lelapa la petrel (Procellariidae) le arotsoe ka likaroloana tse peli le leloko le leshome le metso e mene... Lelapa le lenyenyane la Fulmarinae le emeloa ke linonyana tse nang le mokhoa oa ho fofa o thellisang. Lijo li fumaneha ka mekhahlelo e meholohali, 'me ho e amohela, nonyana e lula holim'a metsi. Baemeli ba lelapa lena le lenyane ha baa ikamahanya le maemo kapa ha baa ikamahanya ka ho lekana bakeng sa ho qoela:
- petrel e khōlōhali (Macronestes);
- li-fulmars (Fulmаrus);
- Petrel ea Antarctic (Thalassois);
- Maeba a Kapa (Dartion);
- lehloa petrel (Pagodroma);
- petrel e putsoa (Halobaena);
- linonyana tsa leruarua (Rashyrtila);
- Leholiotsoana la Kerguelen (Lugensa);
- Leholiotsoana (Pterodroma);
- Pseudobulweria;
- sefefo sa mascarene (Pseudobulweria aterrima);
- maholiotsoana boulevards (Bulweria).
Lelapa le lenyenyane la Puffininae le emeloa ke linonyana tse fofang.
Nakong ea sefofane se joalo, mapheo a mapheo le mapheo a lulang khafetsa a lula holim'a metsi. Linonyana tsa lelapa lena le lenyane li khona ho qoela hantle ho tloha hlabula kapa ho lula fatše:
- petrel e teteaneng (Procellaria);
- Petland petland (Procellaria westlandisa);
- petrel e fapaneng (Calonestris);
- petrel ea 'nete (Рuffinus).
Hoa thahasellisa! Leha e le mefuta e meholo ea mefuta-futa, ke mefuta e 'meli feela ea sehlaha naheng ea naha ea rona - li-fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) le li-petrel tse fapaneng (Calonestris leuсomelas)
Lelapa la Petrel ke lona le ruileng ka ho fetisisa palong ea mefuta le lelapa le fapaneng ka ho fetisisa la tatellano ea li-tube-noses.
Habitat, habitats
Sebaka sa kabo le libaka tsa li-petrels li ipapisitse le mefuta ea linonyana.... Maoatla ke linonyana tsa metsi a leboea, tse ajoang ka bongata. Nesting Leoatleng la Atlantic e tsejoa lihlekehlekeng tse ka leboea-bochabela ho Amerika Leboea, Franz Josef Land, Greenland le Novaya Zemlya, ho fihlela lihlekehlekeng tsa Borithane, le Leoatleng la Pacific linonyana tsa linonyana li tloha Chukotka ho ea Lihlekehlekeng tsa Aleutian le Kuril.
Hoa thahasellisa! Leeba la Kapa le tsebahala haholo ho basesisi ba likepe karolong e ka boroa, e lulang e latela likepe le ho hlomella lihlaha tsa eona lebopong la Antarctic kapa lihlekehlekeng tse haufi.
Dihlaha tse tlwaelehileng tsa petrel dihlekehlekeng tsa mabopo a Yuropa le Aforika, le sehlaheng sa Leoatle la Pacific se bonoa libakeng tse tsoang Hawaii ho ea California. Li-petrels tse nang le litefiso tse nyane li qhotsetsa Strait of Bass Islands, hammoho le ho potoloha Tasmania le haufi le lebopo la Australia Boroa.
Petrel e khōlōhali ke moahi ea tloaelehileng oa maoatle karolong e ka boroa ea lefatše. Linonyana tsa mofuta ona hangata li lula lihlekehlekeng tsa South Shetland le Orkney, hammoho le lihlekehleke tsa Malvinas.
Ho fepa Petrel
Petrels, hammoho le likokoanyana tsa sefefo, li fepa ka litlhapi tse nyane haholo le mefuta eohle ea li-crustaceans tse sesang haufi le holim'a metsi. Linonyana tsena li qoela haufinyane kamoo ho hlokahalang. Karolo e kholo ea li-petrel tse kholo li ja squid e ngata haholo. Ke ka seoelo li-albatross li qoelang 'me hangata li lula ka metsing, hammoho le li-fulmars le li-petrel tse kholo tse fepelang ka holim'a metsi.
Bosiu. Li-petrels tse kholo mohlomong ke tsona feela baemeli ba liphoofolo tse nang le nko e nang le methapo tse ka hlaselang ka mafolofolo libaka tsa sehlaha sa li-penguin tse nyane haholo mme tsa ja linonyana tse nyane e le lijo.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Ka tloaelo, li-petrels tsa batho ba baholo li khutlela libakeng tse tloaelehileng tsa ho ikatisa, leha li le hole haholo.... Tlholisano e matla haholo e teng libakeng tsa lihlaha libakeng tse kholo le tse nang le bongata ba linonyana tse fumanehang lihlekehlekeng tse nyane.
Sebakeng se lebopong la leoatle lipakeng tsa baemeli bohle ba lihlaha tsa lipalesa, ho na le mekete e thata ho feta, 'me linonyana ha li loane feela, empa hape li hooa haholo. Boitšoaro bona bo tšoana le ba linonyana tse lekang ho sireletsa libaka tsa tsona.
Likarolo tse tloaelehileng tsa lihlaha tsa linonyana li na le phapang e hlokomelehang lipakeng tsa li-petrels. Ka mohlala, li-albatross li khetha ho tlosa bokaholimo ebe li aha litutulu tsa mobu le limela. Petrels sehlaha ka kotloloho ho li-ledges, le maemong a mobu, empa karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsona, hammoho le li-petrels tsa sefefo, li khona ho cheka mekoti e khethehileng mobung o bonolo kapa ho sebelisa mapetso a tlhaho a boholo bo lekaneng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Pele tsuonyana e tloha sehlaheng sa eona, batsoali ba babeli ba fofa ho ea leoatleng, moo nakong ea tlala, linonyana tse qhibilihisang li theohang boima ba 'mele.
Tse tona hangata li lula li lebetse sehlaha matsatsi a 'maloa, ha tse tšehali li fepa leoatleng kapa li ea fepa. Linonyana tse kopantsoeng hammoho ha li fepe, empa li qhotsa lehe ka matsatsi a 40-80. Matsatsing a pele, litsuonyana tse qhotsitsoeng li fepa lijo tse bonolo le tse mafura ka sebopeho sa likokoana-hloko tsa leoatleng tse sitsoeng, tse nchafalitsoeng ke linonyana tse seng li le kholo.
Litsuonyana tsa Petrel li hola ka potlako, ka hona, ha li se li holile hanyane, li khona ho lula ntle le taolo ea batsoali matsatsi a 'maloa. Malinyane a mefuta e menyenyane a qala ho fofa nako e ka etsang khoeli le halofo kamora ho tsoaloa, ha mefuta e meholoanyane e fofa ka lekhetlo la pele matsatsi a ka bang 118-120.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Ntle le batho ba etelang lihlaha tsa linonyana, li-petrels tsa metsing ha li na lira tse ngata tsa tlhaho. Kotsi e ikhethang e hlahisoa ke South Pole Skua, e senyang lihlaha tsa linonyana ebile e ka ja litsuonyana tse sa butsoang. Boholo ba li-petrel tse itšireletsang khahlanong le ts'okelo li khona ho hlatsa mala a mofuta oa oli sebakeng se lekaneng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Li-petrel tse tloaelehileng ke li-livers tsa nako e telele; ha e le naheng, lilemo tsa nonyana e joalo li kanna tsa fihlela halofo ea lekholo la lilemo kapa ho feta.
Mefuta e meng, ho kenyeletsoa le li-fulmars, tloaelo ena kapa karabelo ea tšabo e etsa hore ho fofa ho be bonolo haholo. Phallo ea metsi a fetid e etsoa ka mitha, ka ho nepahala ho lekaneng hantle. Lira tsa tlhaho tsa linonyana tse nyane li kenyelletsa modisa-ueka, hammoho le likhoto le likatse tse hlahisitsoeng libakeng tsa sehlekehleke.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Lelapeng le tloaelehileng la petrel, baemeli ha ba tšoane feela ka boholo, empa le ka boholo ba baahi.... Mohlala, li-fulmars ke linonyana tse ngata haholo. Palo ea bona e ka Atlantic e ka bang limilione tse 3, 'me Leoatleng la Pacific - batho ba ka bang limilione tse 3,9-4.0. Palo ea baahi ba li-petrel tsa Antarctic e fapana lipakeng tsa limilione tse 10-20, mme palo ea batho ba lehloa la lehloa lefats'e e tsitsitse hoo e ka bang limilione tse peli.
Palo ea lihlaha tsa li-petrels tse putsoa lihlekehlekeng tsa Kerguelen ha e fete lipara tse likete tse 100-200, 'me Lihlekehlekeng tsa Crozet le Prince Edward ho na le lipara tse likete tse mashome a likete tsa mofuta ona. Tlhahiso, tlhahiso ea li-petrels tsa Mediterranean e ne e thibetsoe feela Italy le Fora, empa likolone tse ling tsa linonyana le tsona li sirelelitsoe lihlekehlekeng tse haufi le Corsica.
Hajoale, sehlopheng sa mefuta e sa tloaelehang le e kotsing ea ho phela ea lelapa la Procellariiform ho kenyelletsa Balearic shearwater (Ruffinus mauretanisus) Rozovonogy shearwater (Ruffinus sreatorus), Trinidad petrel (Rterodroma arminjoniana) White petrel (Rterodroma alba), The Madeira petrelira (Rterodrianian) (Рterоdrоma sаndwiсhеnsis) le ba bang ba bang.
