Salmone (lat. Salmonidae)

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Salmon (lat. Salmonidae) ke baemeli ba lelapa le le leng feela leo e leng la Salmoniformes le sehlopha sa litlhapi tse hlatsoitsoeng ke Ray.

Tlhaloso ea litlhapi tsa salmon

Li-salmonid tsohle ke tsa sehlopha sa litlhapi tse khonang ho fetola tsela eo li phelang ka eona habonolo, ponahalo ea tsona e tloaelehileng, hammoho le mebala e ka sehloohong ea litšobotsi, ho latela litšobotsi tsa maemo a kantle.

Ponahalo

Bolelele ba 'mele bo tloaelehileng ba batho ba baholo bo fapana ho tloha lisentimitara tse' maloa ho isa ho limithara tse 'maloa,' me boima bo boholo ke 68-70 kg... Sebopeho sa 'mele sa baemeli ba taelo ea Salmoniformes se tšoana le ponahalo ea litlhapi tsa taelo e kholo ea Herringiformes. Har'a tse ling, ho fihlela haufinyane, lelapa la Salmon le ne le khethiloe e le herring, empa e ile ea fuoa taelo e ikemetseng ka ho felletseng - Salmoniformes.

'Mele oa litlhapi o molelele, o na le khatello e bonahalang e tsoang mahlakoreng, e koahetsoeng ka sekala sa cycloidal le se chitja kapa se kopantsoeng, se oang habonolo. Mapheoana a pelvic ke a mofuta oa li-ray tse ngata, tse bohareng ba mpa, 'me mapheoana a tlhapi ea batho ba baholo ke a mofuta o tlase, ntle le boteng ba mahlaseli a spiny. Maphegwana a hlapi a ka morago a hlapi a emelwa ke maphegwana a gona bjale le a a latelago. Boteng ba sekhahla se senyenyane sa adipose ke tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse khethollang baemeli ba taelo ea Salmoniformes.

Hoa thahasellisa! Karolo e ikhethang ea mokokotlo oa salmonids ke boteng ba mahlaseli a leshome ho isa ho leshome le metso e ts'eletseng, ha baemeli ba bohlooho ba na le mahlaseli a 17-24.

Sesepa sa ho sesa sa litlhapi, hangata, se hokahane le 'metso o khethehileng,' me molomo oa salmon o na le moeli o kaholimo o nang le masapo a mane - li-premaxillary tse peli le masapo a maholo. Tse tšehali li fapana ka maqhubu a mofuta o sa tloaelehang kapa ha li na tsona, ka hona, mahe ohle a butsoang ho tsoa ka popelong a oela habonolo mmeleng. Mala a litlhapi a khetholloa ka boteng ba li-appendage tse ngata tsa pyloric. Boholo ba mefuta e na le likopi tse bonaletsang. Li-salmonid tse ngata li fapana ka karolo ea masapo e sa phethoang ka botlalo, 'me karolo e' ngoe ea lehata e emeloa ke lefufuru le methati e melelele e sa sebetsoang ho lesapo la mokokotlo.

Kemiso, mefuta ea litlhapi tsa salmone

Lelapa la Salmon le emeloa ke malapa a mararo:

  • dihlopha tse tharo tsa lelapa le lenyane la Whitefish;
  • genera tse supileng tsa lelapa la salmonid hantle;
  • mofuta o le mong oa lelapa le lenyenyane la Grayling.

Baemeli bohle ba lelapa le lenyane la Salmonidae ba boholo bo mahareng ho isa ho bo boholo, ba na le makhakhapha a manyane, hammoho le molomo o moholo o nang le meno a tsoetseng pele le a matla. Mofuta oa lijo oa lelapa lena le lenyane o tsoakane kapa oa ja.

Mefuta e meholo ea saalmon:

  • Char ea Amerika le ea arctic, kunja;
  • Salmone e pinki;
  • Ishkhan;
  • Chum;
  • Salmon ea Coho, salemon ea chinook;
  • Christiwomer oa Amerika Leboea;
  • Sefeela se sootho;
  • Lenok;
  • Salmon ea tšepe ea tšepe, Clark;
  • Salmone e khubelu;
  • Salmone kapa salmone ea Noble;
  • Sima kapa Mazu;
  • Danube, Sakhalin Taimen.

Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa lelapa la Sigi le li-salmonid tse nepahetseng e emeloa ke lintlha ka sebopeho sa lehata, molomo o monyane haholo le sekala se seholo. Lelapa le lenyane le bitsoang Grayling le khetholloa ka boteng ba mokotla o molelele haholo le o phahameng o ka bang le ponahalo e khanyang le 'mala o khanyang. Tsohle tse bohlooho ke litlhapi tsa metsi a hloekileng..

Boitšoaro le mokhoa oa bophelo

Litlhapi tsa litlhapi tsa tlhapi tsa tlhapi tse tloahelehileng tse lulang leoatleng kapa metsing a letša, li lula linokeng feela ka sepheo sa ho tsoala. Ts'ebetso ea bophelo ba mefuta e fapaneng e ts'oana, empa e na le likarolo tse itseng tse ikhethang. E le molao, ha li fihla lilemong tse hlano, tlhapi ea salmon e kena metsing a potlakileng a li-rapids le linoka, ka linako tse ling li nyoloha ka noka ea likilomitara tse 'maloa. Lintlha tsa nakoana mabapi le ho kena ha salmon metsing a noka ha li tšoane ebile li ka fapana haholo.

Bakeng sa ho tiisa metsing a noka nakong ea pele ho tlhaho, litlhapi tsa salmon hangata ha li khethe libaka tse tebileng haholo eseng tse potlakileng haholo, tse khetholloang ka boteng ba lejoe la lehlabathe kapa la mobu o ka majoeng. Hangata, libaka tse joalo li fumaneha haufi le sebaka se behang, empa ka holim'a li-rapids kapa li-rapids.

Hoa thahasellisa! Ka metsing a leoatle, litlhapi tsa salmon li khona ho nts'etsapele lebelo le lekaneng haholo ha li tsamaea - ho fihlela likilomitara tse lekholo ka letsatsi le le leng, empa noka lebelo la motsamao oa litlhapi tse joalo le lieha haholo.

Ha ba ntse ba lula libakeng tse joalo, salmon "lag", ka hona 'mala oa bona oa fifala ka mokhoa o hlokomelehang' me hakisi e hlaha mohlahareng, e tsebahalang haholo ho banna ba lelapa lena. 'Mala oa nama ea tlhapi nakong ena oa phahama,' me palo e felletseng ea mafura e ea fokotseha, e leng ka lebaka la khaello ea phepo e lekaneng.

Bolele ba bophelo

Nako eohle ea ho phela ha li-salmonid ha e fete lilemo tse leshome, empa mefuta e meng e khona ho phela hoo e ka bang kotara ea lekholo la lilemo.... Hajoale Taimi o tšoere rekoto ea boholo ba 'mele le karolelano ea nako ea bophelo. Ho fihlela joale, motho oa mofuta ona o ngolisitsoe ka molao, o boima ba rekoto ea 105 kg ka bolelele ba 'mele oa 2.5 m.

Habitat, habitats

Litlhapi tsa salmon li lula hoo e ka bang karolong eohle e ka leboea ea lefats'e, ke ka hona ho nang le tjantjello e kholo khoebong e joalo.

Ishkhan, tlhapi ea boleng bo holimo, e lula metsing a Letša la Sevan. Ho tšoasa litlhapi tse ngata tsa monghali ea ikemetseng oa li-Pacific - salmon ea chum e etsoa eseng naheng ea rona feela empa hape le Amerika.

Libaka tsa mantlha tsa trout e sootho li kenyelletsa linoka tse ngata tsa Europe, hammoho le metsi a Leoatle le White, Baltic, Black le Aral. Mazu kapa Sima ke moahi oa karolo ea Asia ea metsi a Pacific, 'me litlhapi tse kholo haholo Taimen li lula linokeng tsohle tsa Siberia.

Lijo tsa salmon

Lijo, tse tloaelehileng ho Salmon, li fapane haholo. Ka molao, ka mpeng ea batho ba baholo ho na le litlhapi tse nyane tsa pelagic le bacha ba tsona, hammoho le li-crustaceans tse fapaneng, li-molluscs tse nang le mapheo a pelagic, bacha ba squid le liboko. Hangata, li-jellies tse nyane tsa jellies le jellyfish li fepeloa litlhapi tse kholo.

Mohlala, hangata lijo tsa mantlha tsa salmon ea bana li emeloa ke liboko tsa likokoanyana tse fapaneng tsa metsing. Leha ho le joalo, parr e na le bokhoni ba ho fepa hammoho le mefuta e meng ea litlhapi tse jang nama, sculpin le mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi tse nyane. Lijo tsa salmonids li ka fapana haholo ho latela nako le sebaka sa bolulo.

Ho ikatisa le bana

Ka metsing a noka e ka leboea, nako ea ho hlahisa e hlaha halofong ea bobeli ea Loetse kapa Mphalane, ka maqhubu a mocheso oa metsi a tsoang ho 0-8 ° C. Libakeng tse ka boroa, li-Salmonids li hlahisa ho tloha ka Mphalane ho isa ho Pherekhong, mochesong oa metsi oa 3-13 ° C. Caviar e kenngoa likhutlong tse chekiloeng mobung o tlase, kamora moo ha e fafatsoe haholo ka motsoako o thehiloeng ho majoana le lehlabathe.

Hoa thahasellisa! Boitšoaro ba li-salmonid nakong ea phallo le nako ea ho beleha lia fetoha, ka hona, nakong ea nyollo, litlhapi li mafolofolo haholo, li bapala ka matla ebile li ka tlolela ka ntle ho metsi ka ho lekana, empa haufi le ts'ebetso ea ho hlahisa, ho tlola ho joalo ho ba ka seoelo haholo.

Kamora ho tsoala, litlhapi lia fokotseha ebe li fokola kapele, ka lebaka leo karolo e kholo ea tsona ea shoa, 'me batho bohle ba pholohileng ba kena ka leoatleng kapa metsing a letša, empa ba ka lula ka har'a linoka ho fihlela qaleho ea selemo.

Linokeng, li-salmonid tse hlahisitsoeng ha li tsamaee hole le sebaka sa ho hlahisa, empa li khona ho fallela libakeng tse tebileng le tse khutsitseng haholo. Nakong ea selemo, bacha ba hlaha ho tsoa mahe a hlahisitsoeng, a ts'oanang le pied trout... Nōkeng metsi a hadika a qeta selemo ho isa ho tse hlano.

Nakong e joalo ea nako, batho ka bonngoe ba ka hola ho fihla ho 15-18 cm. Pele ba thella ka leoatleng kapa metsing a letša, bacha ba lahleheloa ke 'mala oa bona o makhakhapha,' me makhakhapha a ba le 'mala oa silevera. Ke maoatleng le matšeng, litlhapi tsa salmon li qala ho fepa ka mafolofolo le ho nona kapele.

Lira tsa tlhaho

Mahe le linonyana tse tšoailoeng ke liphofu tse bonolo bakeng sa moriri o moputsoa o moholo, phoofolo e sootho, pike le burbot. Palo e kholo ea bajaki ba tlase nokeng e jeoa ka mafolofolo ke likhofu kapa linonyana tse ling tse tloaelehileng tse jang litlhapi. Ka metsing a leoatle, lira tsa tlhaho tsa salmon li kenyelletsa cod, salmon le tiiso ea litelu, hammoho le tse jang tse ling.

Baahi le boemo ba mofuta

Hajoale, ho na le lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tse amang hampe palo ea batho le boemo ba mofuta ona. Litholoana tsa ho tsoma litlhapi libakeng tsa ho tsoala ke tšitiso ea ho qhitsa, hammoho le timetso ea baahi kaofela... Ho ile ha hlokomeloa hore ho tsongoa hampe ha ho nyenyefatse feela sebopeho sa liphatsa tsa lefutso le tlhahiso ea litlhapi tsa tlhapi ea salmon, empa hape e khona ho amoha linoka tse kholo tsa baahi ba litlhapi joalo ka lilemo tse ngata.

Maemo a mabe a boetse a kenyelletsa maqhubu a matla a leoatle le maqhubu, khaello ea lijo, ho tšoasa litlhapi ho feta tekano le tšilafalo ea molomo oa noka. Hangata litlhapi tsa salmon li senngoa ke tšilafalo ea temo, litoropong le indastering. Hajoale, tse latelang li thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu: Sakhalin le tloaelehileng taimen, salmon ea Letša, Mikizha le Malorotaya palia, Eoutamskaya trout le Kumzha, hammoho le Svetovidova le Davatchan.

Boleng ba khoebo

Kajeno, lintho tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi ke Lolets le Humpbacks, hammoho le litlhapi tse monate tsa Ishkhan, Kalm kapa Salmon ea Bochabela bo Hare, Salmon le mefuta e meng e nang le nama ea bohlokoa haholo, e nang le phepo, e monate le caviar.

Video ea litlhapi tsa saalmone

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Shebella video: Features salmon fishing. fishing on the Kola 2019 (November 2024).