Litlhapi tsa Marlin ke baemeli ba mofuta oa litlhapi tse entsoeng ka Ray tsa lelapa la Marlin (Istiorkhoridae). Ke sebaka se tummeng sa ho tšoasa litlhapi lipapaling 'me, ka lebaka la mafura a mangata, e se e le tlhapi e hohelang bakeng sa mmaraka oa khoebo.
Tlhaloso ea marlin
Ka lekhetlo la pele, mofuta ona o ile oa hlalosoa makholo a mabeli a lilemo a fetileng ke setsebi sa mafu a likhukhuni sa Mofora Bernard Laseped a sebelisa setšoantšo, empa hamorao tlhapi ea marlin e ile ea fuoa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng le mabitso a tloaelehileng. Hajoale, ke lebitso la Makair nigriсans feela le nepahetseng... Lebitso le tloaelehileng le tsoa lentsoeng la Segerike μαχαίρα, le bolelang "Thipa e khuts'oane".
Ponahalo
E tsebahalang haholo ke Blue Marlin, kapa Atlantic Blue Marlin (Macairа nigriсans). Boholo bo boholo ba basali ba baholo boa ananeloa, bo ka bang boholo ba 'mele oa banna ka makhetlo a mane. Monna ya hodileng ka thobalano ha se hangata a fihlelang boima ba dikilogeramo tse 140-160, mme e tshehadi hangata e boima ba dikhilograma tse 500-510 kapa ho feta ka bolelele ba mmele ba disentimitara tse 500. Sebaka ho tloha sebakeng sa leihlo ho ya ntlheng ya lerumo ke hoo e ka bang diperesente tse mashome a mabedi tsa bolelele ba hlapi kaofela. Ka nako e ts'oanang, tlhapi e nang le boima ba 'mele ea lik'hilograma tse 636 e ne e na le boima ba rekoto e tlalehiloeng ka molao.
Hoa thahasellisa!Marlin e putsoa e na le mapheoana a mabeli a mokokotlo le mapheoana a mabeli a tšehetsang mahlaseli a masapo. Lepheo la pele la mokokotlo le khetholloa ka ho ba teng ha mahlaseli a 39-43, ha la bobeli le tšoauoa ka ho ba teng ha li boloka lintho tse joalo tse tšeletseng kapa tse supileng feela.
Lephego la mathomo le le swanago le sebopego le bogolo go lephegwana la bobedi la ka morago, le na le mahlasedi a 13-16. Mapheoana a sephara a sephara a masesaane ebile a malelele a khona ho hula kahare ho khatello e khethehileng ea maikutlo e fumanehang karolong e ka morao. Maphegwana a pelvic a malelele ho feta mapolanka, empa a morao a khethollotsoe ke lera le sa ntlafatsoang haholo le khatello ea maikutlo kahare ho setsi sa moea.
Karolo e kaholimo ea Atlantic Blue Marlin e na le 'mala o moputsoa o lefifi,' me mahlakore a tlhapi e joalo a khetholloa ka 'mala oa silevera. 'Meleng ho na le mela e ka bang leshome le metso e mehlano ea methapo ea' mala o botala bo boputsoa bo boputsoa bo nang le matheba a chitja kapa metopa e mesesaane. Lera le qetellong ea mokokotlo oa lepheo le boputsoa bo lefifi kapa le batla le le letšo ntle le ho tšoauoa kapa matheba. Mapheo a mang hangata a bosootho bo bosootho bo loileng a nang le bosootho bo bosootho bo lefifi. Ho na le lithane tsa silevera botlaaseng ba mapheoana a bobeli le a pele.
'Mele oa litlhapi o koahetsoe ke makhakhapha a masesaane le a malelele. Lerumo le matla ebile le lelelele, mme boteng ba meno a manyane, a kang a faele ke tšobotsi ea mehlahare le masapo a palatine a baemeli ba sehlopha sa litlhapi tse hlatsoitsoeng ke Ray.
Hoa thahasellisa! Marlins a khona ho fetola 'mala oa bona kapele mme a be le' mala o moputsoa o khanyang nakong ea ho tsoma. Liphetoho tse joalo tsa 'mala li bakoa ke boteng ba li-iridophores, tse nang le li-pigment, hammoho le lisele tse khethehileng tse bontšang leseli.
Tsela e ka lehlakoreng ea litlhapi e na le li-neuromasts, tse fumanehang ka har'a kanale. Esita le metsamao e fokolang ka metsing le liphetoho tsohle tse totobetseng tsa khatello li haptjoa ke lisele tse joalo. Ho buloa ha anal ho lutse ka kotlolloho ea 'manaka oa pele. Marlin e putsoa, hammoho le litho tse ling tsa lelapa la marlin, li na le li-vertebrae tse mashome a mabeli a metso e mene.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle ea marlin e khetha ho lula hole le lebopo la leoatle, e sebelisa likarolo tsa metsi bakeng sa motsamao oa tsona... Nakong ea ho tsamaea, litlhapi tsa lelapa lena li khona ho nts'etsapele lebelo le leholo mme li tlole ka metsing ka bolelele ba limithara tse 'maloa. Mohlala, likepe tsa likepe li ka potlakisa habonolo ebile ka potlako ho lebelo la lik'hilomithara tse 100-110 ka hora, ka lebaka la hore na ke baemeli ba mofuta ofe bao hangata ho thoeng ke litlhapi tse lebelo ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng.
Litlhapi tse jang liphoofolo hangata li phela bophelo ba bo-hermit, li sesa ka lik'hilomithara tse 60-70 motšehare. Baemeli ba lelapa ba tšoauoa ka ho falla ha linako tsa selemo ho koahelang libaka tse fihlang ho li-mile tse likete tse supileng ho isa ho tse robeli. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke lithuto le liphuputso tse ngata, tsela eo maqhubu a leoatleng a tsamaeang ka eona karolong ea metsi e ts'oana haholo le mokhoa oa ho sesa oa shaka e tloaelehileng.
Ho phela malinyane tse kae
Tse tona tse boputswa ba marlin di ka phela dilemo tse ka bang leshome le metso e robedi, mme tse tshehadi tsa lelapa lena di ka phela kotara ya mongwahakgolo kapa ho feta moo. Nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ea liketsoana ha e fete lilemo tse leshome le metso e mehlano.
Mefuta ea marlin
Mefuta eohle ea marlin e na le sebopeho sa mmele o molelele, hammoho le sefene se bōpehileng joaloka lerumo le sefahleho se selelele se thata.
- Likepe tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka maoto (Istiorkhorus platipterus) ho tsoa ho mofuta oa Sailboats (Istiorkhorus). Karolo e ka sehloohong e khethollang sekepe sa seketsoana ke sefahleho se phahameng le se selelele sa mokokotlo, se hopotsang seile, ho qala ka morao hloohong le ho ea fihla ka morao ho litlhapi kaofela. Mokokotlo o motsho o nang le bosootho bo boputswa, mme mahlakore a le sootho ka mmala o putswa. Sebaka sa mpa se tšoeu. Ka mahlakoreng ho na le palo e kholo ea mabala a maputsoa a se nang palo e kholo haholo. Bolelele ba selemo se le seng ke limithara tse 'maloa,' me litlhapi tse kholo li bolelele ba limithara tse tharo ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse lekholo;
- Marlin e ntšo (Istiomax indis) Ho tsoa ho mofuta oa Istiomax ke oa sehlopha sa litlhapi tse rekisoang, empa bophahamo ba litlhapi tsa lefats'e ha bo feta lithane tse likete tse 'maloa. Ntho e tsebahalang ea ho tšoasa litlhapi lipapaling e na le 'mele o molelele, empa o sa petetsaneha halelele, o koahetsoeng ka sekala se sephara se teteaneng. Maphegwana a hlapi a ka morago a arogantšwe ke sekgoba se sennyane, gomme lephegwana la hlapi ke la sebopego sa kgwedi. Mokokotlo o boputswa bo fifetseng, mme mahlakore le mpa di bosweu bo bosweu. Batho ba baholo ha ba na methapo kapa matheba 'meleng. Bolelele ba tlhapi e kholo ke 460-465 cm ka boima ba 'mele e ka bang 740-750 kg;
- Atlantic ea Bophirimela kapa monyane wa lerumo (Tetrarturus pfluеgen) ho tsoa ho mofuta oa Spearmen (Tetrarturus). Litlhapi tsa mofuta ona li khetholloa ka 'mele o matla, o bolelele, o bataletse ka mahlakoreng, hape o na le sefene se sephara le se tšesaane, se bopehileng joaloka lerumo, se chitja ka karolo e parolang. Mapheo a pelvic a masesaane haholo, a lekana kapa a malelele hanyane ho feta mapheoana a pectoral, a khutliselitsoeng mokokotlong o tebileng mpeng. Mokokotlo o lefifi ka 'mala o nang le bosootho bo boputsoa,' me mahlakore a masoeu a masoeu a nang le matheba a bosootho bo loileng. Bolelele bo boholo ba motho e moholo ke 250-254 cm, 'me boima ba' mele ha bo fete lik'hilograma tse 56-58.
Ho ea ka tlhophiso, ho boetse ho na le mefuta e tsebahalang e emeloang ke lerumo le molala o mokhutšoane, kapa marlin ea melala e mekhuts'oane, kapa marumo a nko e khutšoane (Tetrarturus angustirostris), lerumo la Mediterranean, kapa marlin ea Mediterranean (Tetrarturus bélonе), European gullet ea Afrika Boroa, kapa Copenurus
Marumo a masoeu a Atlantic, kapa marlin e tšoeu ea Atlantic (Kajikia albidus), lerumo le marapo, kapa marlin e metsero (Kajikia audax), hammoho le Indo-Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara), Atlantic blue marlin, kapa blue marlin (Ma-albino a Istiorkhorus).
Habitat, habitats
Lelapa la marlin le emeloa ke mefuta e meraro ea mantlha le mefuta e leshome e fapaneng, e fapaneng sebakeng sa eona sa phepelo le libakeng tsa bolulo. Mohlala, Litlhapi tsa Sailfish (Istiorkhorus platyrterus) li fumaneha khafetsa metsing a Leoatle le Lefubelu, la Mediterranean le le Letšo. Ka metsi a Suez Canal, liketsoana tsa batho ba baholo li kena Leoatleng la Mediterranean, ho tloha moo ba sesang habonolo ho kena Leoatleng le Letšo.
Marlin e putsoa e fumanoa metsing a tropike le a futhumetseng a Leoatle la Atlantic, 'me e fumanoa haholo karolong e ka bophirima. Mofuta oa Black Marlin (Makaira indis) o emeloa hangata ke metsi a lebopong la Leoatle la Pacific le la India, haholo-holo metsi a Bochabela Chaena le Maoatle a Coral.
Li-Spearheads, e leng tlhapi ea leoatleng ea leoatleng ea leoatleng, hangata li fumanoa li le bang, empa ka linako tse ling li khona ho theha lihlopha tse nyane tsa litlhapi tse sa lekanang. Mofuta ona o lula metsing a bulehileng, o khetha botebo kahare ho limithara tse makholo a mabeli, empa kaholimo ho sebaka sa chesele e futhumetseng.... Ho khethoa libaka tse nang le mocheso oa metsi oa 26 ° C.
Lijo tsa Marlin
Maqhubu ohle ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo metsing. Mohlala, li-marlins tse ntšo li iphepa ka mefuta eohle ea litlhapi tsa pelagic, hape li tsoma squid le crustaceans. Ka metsing a Malaysia, motheo oa lijo tsa mofuta ona o emeloa ke li-anchovies, mefuta e fapaneng ea mackerel ea pere, litlhapi tse fofang le squid.
Likepe tse tsamaeang ka likepe li ja litlhapi tse nyane tse fumanoang karolong e kaholimo ea metsi, ho kenyeletsoa sardine, li-anchovies, mackerel le mackerel. Hape, lijo tsa mofuta ona li kenyelletsa li-crustaceans le cephalopods. Sethala sa pherekano sa Atlantic marlin, kapa marlin e putsoa, se fepa zooplankton, ho kenyeletsoa mahe a plankton le liboko tsa mefuta e meng ea litlhapi. Batho ba baholo ba tsoma litlhapi, ho kenyelletsa mackerel, hammoho le squid. Haufi le mafika a likorale le lihlekehleke tsa leoatle, marlin e putsoa e iphepa ka mefuta ea litlhapi tse fapaneng tsa lebopong.
Lerumo le lenyenyane kapa la Bophirima la Atlantic le fepa squid le litlhapi likarolong tse kaholimo tsa metsi, empa sebopeho sa lijo tsa mofuta ona se fapane haholo. Likarolong tse ka boroa tsa Leoatle la Caribbean, banna ba marumo a fokolang ba ja Ommastrephidae, herring le tarsier ea Mediterranean. Leoatleng le ka bophirima la Atlantic, lijo tsa mantlha tsa leoatle ke Atlantic seabream, noha mackerel le cephalopods, ho kenyeletsoa Ornithoteuthis antillarum, Hyaloteuthis pissisa le Tremostorus violaceus.
Li-Spearmen tse lulang libakeng tsa tropike tse ka leboea le tropike ea Leoatle la Atlantic li rata litlhapi le li-cephalopods. Ka har'a mpa ea li-marlins tse joalo, ho fumanoe litlhapi tse tsoang malapeng a leshome le metso e 'meli, ho kenyeletsoa gempilidae (Gempylidae), litlhapi tse fofang (Exocetidae), le mackerel fish (Scombridae, hammoho le sea bream (Bramidae).
Ho ikatisa le bana
Karolong e ka leboea le e ka boroa ea lefatše, marumo a manyane a hola ka bongata mme a qala ho hlahisa ka matsatsi a tšoanang a khalendara, e leng sesupo se hlakileng sa ho ts'oana ha sechaba sohle sa mofuta ona. Tse tshehadi tsa marumo a manyane di tswala hang feela ka selemo.
Ho tla boela ho be monate:
- Beluga
- Sturgeon
- Tuna
- Moray
Marlin e ntšo e hlaha maemong a mocheso ho tloha ho 27-28 ° C, 'me nako ea ho hlahisa e ka fapana ho latela litšobotsi tsa sebaka seo. Mohlala, metsing a Leoatle la China Boroa, litlhapi li qala ho tsoala ka Mots'eanong le Phuptjane, 'me libakeng tsa leoatle tsa Taiwan, mofuta ona o hlahisa ho tloha ka Phato ho isa ho Loetse. Sebakeng se ka leboea-bophirima ho Leoatle la Coral, nako ea ho hlahisa ke Mphalane-Tshitwe, le lebopong la Queensland, Phato-Pulungoana. Ho qhekella ho arotsoe, ka monono oa motho a le mong ho fihlela mahe a limilione tse mashome a mane.
Ho hlahisa likepe ho tloha ka Phato ho isa bohareng ba Loetse, metsing a futhumetseng a tropike le a haufi le equator. Mofuta ona o kgethollwa ke mahe a pela-size le a sa kgomaretseng, pelagic, empa tse kgolo ha di hlokomele bana ba tsona. Likepe tsohle tsa likepe le mefuta e amanang le eona ea lelapa, e etellang pele mokhoa o ts'oanang oa bophelo, li khetholloa ka ho ba le bana ba bangata, ka hona, nakong e le 'ngoe ea ho beleha, e tšehali e behela likarolo tse' maloa mahe a ka bang limilione tse hlano.
Hoa thahasellisa! Mokhahlelo oa li-marlins o hlaha kapele haholo, 'me sekhahla sa kholo ea tšebetso ea kholo tlasa maemo a matle a kantle e ka ba limilimithara tse leshome le metso e mehlano ka letsatsi.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, karolo ea bohlokoa ea bana hangata e timela maemong a pele a kholo ea bona. Mahe a tšoailoeng, sethala sa maqhubu le fry li sebelisoa e le lijo ke libatana tse ngata tsa metsing.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Bakeng sa li-marlins tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse putsoa kapa tse putsoa, ke lishaka tse tšoeu feela (Carcharodon carcharias) le mako shark (Isurus ohyrhinchhus) tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa. Maemong a lilemo tse ngata tsa lipatlisiso, ho ile ha khoneha ho netefatsa hore marlin e putsoa e na le mefuta e ka tlase ho leshome le metso e meraro ea likokoana-hloko, e ka emeloang ke monogenes, cestode le nematodes, li-copepods, aspidogastras le li-scraper, hammoho le trematode le barnacles. 'Meleng oa liphoofolo tse kholo joalo tsa metsing, hangata ho ba teng ha litlhapi tse khomarelang, tse sebetsang ka ho khetheha ho rarolla likoahelo tsa gill.
Marlins a maputsoa a ka tsoma litlhapi tse kholo joalo ka leoatle le tšoeu la Atlantic. Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale, tšenyo e kholo ho baahi ba marlin e bakoa ke batho feela. Likepe tse ratoang haholo ke ho tšoasa litlhapi tse matla. Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho tšoasa litlhapi ke ho tšoasa litlhapi tse telele, moo litlhapi tsena tsa boleng bo holimo li tšoasoang le tuna le swordfish.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ho tloha lebopong la Cuba le Florida, California le Tahiti, Hawaii le Peru, hammoho le Australia le New Zealand, batšoasi ba litlhapi hangata ba tšoasa liketsoana tsa likepe tse nang le likhechana tsa ho ohla.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Ho tšoasa mefuta e mengata ea marlin hajoale ho etsoa haholo metsing a Leoatle la India. Ho tšoasoa ha lefatše ho hoholo haholo, 'me linaha tse ka sehloohong tse tšoarang litlhapi ka mafolofolo ke Japane le Indonesia. Bakeng sa ho tšoasa litlhapi, ho sebelisoa likhoele tse telele le lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi. Marlin ke ntho ea bohlokoa ea ho tsoma mme e ratoa haholo ke batšoasi ba lipapali.
Ho fihlela joale, karolo e kholo ea marlin e ts'oeroeng ke batšoasi ba litlhapi e lokolloa hanghang naheng. Nama e monate ea marlin, e kenyellelitsoeng lenaneng la lireschorente tse turang haholo feela le tse hlomphehang, e kentse letsoho ho ts'oareng le ho fokotsa palo ea baahi kaofela, ka hona phoofolo ea metsing e kenyelelitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu e le mofuta o tlokotsing.
