Linonyana tsena tsa morung li tsebahala ka boiphihlelo ba tsona ba virtuoso ba ho hloa lifate. Li-Nuthatches li matha ka har'a likutu le ho haola, zigzag, diagonally le moeeng, li ea tlase ebe li leketlile li shebile fatše makaleng.
Tlhaloso ea linate
Mofuta oa Sítta (linate tsa 'nete) ke lelapa la linate (Sittidae), le kenyellelitsoeng tatellano e kholo ea bafeta ka tsela... Li-nuthatches tsohle li ts'oana (ka boitšoaro le ponahalo), empa li fapane ka mebala ea mebala ka lebaka la sebaka seo. Tsena ke linonyana tse nyane tse nang le hlooho e kholo le molomo o matla, mohatla o mokhutšoane le menoana e tiileng e thusang ho hloa bokaholimo bo nang le mafika le mafika.
Ponahalo
Baemeli ba mefuta e mengata ha ba fihle le serobeleng sa ntlo, ba hola ho fihla ho cm 13-14. Ho feta moo, ke ka seoelo linonyana li bilikang melala, li khetha ho boloka lihlooho tsa tsona li bapile le 'mele, e leng se etsang hore ho bonahale eka ha e tsamaee haholo.
Molomo o bohale, o otlolohileng o tšoana le chisel mme o ikamahanya hantle le ho betla. Molomo o na le bristles e thata e sirelletsang mahlo (ha o fumana lijo) ho makhapetla a fofang le matlakala. Natshatch e na le mapheo a mokgutshwane, mohatla o mokgutshwane, o mokgutshwane le maoto a matla a nang le dinala tse kobehileng tse o dumellang hore o tsamaye ha bonolo ka kutu, majwe le makala.
Hoa thahasellisa! Bokaholimo ba linate hangata bo bohlooho / bohlooho-putsoa kapa boputsoa-bopherese (mefuteng ea tropike ea Asia Bochabela). Kahoo, nuthatch e ntle, e lulang ka bochabela ho Himalaya le Indochina, e bonts'a mohlala oa masiba a azure le a batsho.
Mefuta e meng e khabisitsoe ka likatiba tse entsoeng ka masiba a lefifi, tse ling li na le "mask" - mola o lefifi o tšelang mahlo. Mpa e ka mebala ka litsela tse fapaneng - tšoeu, ocher, fawn, chestnut kapa khubelu. Masiba a mohatla hangata a boputswa bo boputswa bo nang le matheba a matsho, a maputswa kapa a masweu, "seta" hodima masiba a mohatla (ntle le a mahareng).
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Tsena ke linonyana tse sebete, tse mahlahahlaha le tse labalabelang ho tseba, tse tloaetseng ho lula le ho lula libakeng tsa tsona. Nakong ea serame, li ikopanya le linonyana tse ling, mohlala, litsetse, ebe li fofa le tsona ho fepa metseng / metsaneng. Batho ba batla ba sa hlajoe ke lihlong, 'me ha ba batla kalafo ba fofela fensetereng mme ba bile ba lula ka matsoho. Li-Nuthatches li sebetsa haholo ebile ha li rate ho lula re khutsitse, empa boholo ba letsatsi ha li sebelise lifofane, empa li ithuta lintho tsa lijo. Linonyana ha li khathale likutung le makaleng, li hlahloba sekoti se seng le se seng sa makhapetla, moo larva kapa peo e ka ipatang teng. Ho fapana le mohetle-patsi, ea lulang a le mohatleng oa eona, nate e sebelisa leoto le leng ho e emisa, e e beheletse pele kapa morao.
Hoa thahasellisa! Nonyana e fumaneng e ka jeoa le ka mohla e ke ke ea e ntša molomong oa eona, leha motho a ka e nka ka letsoho, empa o tla potlakela tokolohong le mohope. Ho phaella moo, linate tse potlakileng li potlakela ka sebete ho sireletsa sehlaha le lelapa.
Li-Nuthatches li lerata haholo 'me li na le melumo e fapaneng, ho tloha ho li-trill tse lerata le mololi ho ea ho molumo oa lenaka. Natschch ea Canada, e haufi le "tit-black-cap", e ithutile ho utloisisa alamo ea eona, e itšoara ka eona ho latela tlhaiso-leseling e fetisitsoeng. Mefuta e meng e khona ho boloka lijo bakeng sa mariha, e patile peo ka tlas'a makhapetla, majoe a manyane le mapetsong: nuthatch e hopola sebaka sa polokelo ea polokelo nako e ka etsang khoeli. Mong'a lona o ja litaba tsa polokelo feela nakong ea leholimo le batang le maemo a leholimo a mabe, ha ho sa khonehe ho fumana lijo tse ncha. Hang ka selemo, qetellong ea nako ea sehlaha, linhatches molt.
Ho na le linate tse kae tse phelang
Ho lumeloa hore linate li lula naheng le botlamuoeng ka lilemo tse 10-11, e leng ntho e ngata haholo ho nonyana e joalo.... Ha u boloka ntlo, natschch e tloaela motho kapele, e ba bonolo. Ho buisana le eena ke monyaka o makatsang. Nonyana e matha ka mokhoa o makatsang ka matsoho, mahetla, hlooho le liaparo, e leka ho fumana pheko lipokothong le mamenong.
Dimorphism ea thobalano
Ke setsebi sa li-ornithologist feela kapa setsebi sa tlhaho se nang le boiphihlelo se ka bonang phapang ea thobalano ho linate. Ho khonahala ho khetholla e tona le e tšehali feela ka 'mala oa' mele o tlase, ho ela hloko melumo ea halofo botlaaseng ba mohatla le sepakapakeng.
Mefuta ea Nuthatch
Lekhetho la mofuta ona lea ferekanya le lipalo ho tloha ho mefuta e 21 ho isa ho e 29, ho latela mokhoa o sebelisitsoeng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Nate e hlooho e sootho, e lulang ka boroa-bochabela ho United States, e bitsoa e nyane haholo. Nonyana ena e boima ba ligrama tse 10 ka bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10,5. Nete e khahlang ka ho fetesisa ke e kholohali (bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 19,5 le boima ba 47 g), e lulang Chaena, Thailand le Myanmar.
Boemo ba maikutlo bo kopanya mefuta e 5 ea linate:
- hlooho e ntsho;
- Maalgeria;
- Canada;
- corsican
- bohale.
Li na le libaka tse fapaneng tsa bolulo, empa li haufi le morpholoji, li-biotopes tsa sehlaha le mantsoe. Haufinyane, nuthatch e tloaelehileng, e arotsoe ka mefuta e meraro ea Asia (S. cinnamoventris, S. cashmirensis le S. nagaensis), e bile teng joalo ka superspecies e arohaneng. Setsebi sa li-Ornithologist P. Rasmussen (USA) se arotse S. cinnamoventris (mefuta ea Asia Boroa) ho mefuta e meraro - S. cinnamoventris sensu stricto (Himalaya / Tibet), S.
Ka 2012, Mokhatlo oa Borithane oa Ornithologists 'o ile oa tšehetsa tlhahiso ea bo-mphato'a bona ea ho fetolela S. e. arctica (East Siberian subspecies) ho boemo ba mefuta. Setsebi sa li-Ornithologist E. Dickinson (Great Britain) o kholisehile hore mefuta ea tropike S. solangiae, S. frontalis le S. oenochlamys ba lokela ho khetholloa ka mofuta o khethehileng. Ho ea ka rasaense, li-nuture tse ntle le tse ntle le tsona li lokela ho fetoha mofuta oa monotypic.
Habitat, habitats
Mefuta eohle e tsebahalang ea linatchch e tloaelehile Eurasia le Amerika Leboea, empa boholo ba mofuta ona bo lula libakeng tsa tropike le libakeng tse lithaba tsa Asia.... Li-biotopes tse khethiloeng ke meru ea mefuta e fapaneng, haholo-holo e nang le mefuta e mengata haholo kapa e lulang e le setala. Mefuta e mengata e lutse lithabeng le maloting, 'me tse peli (tse nyane le tse kholo tsa mafika) li ikamahantse le majoe a se nang lifate.
Linate tse ngata li rata ho lula libakeng tse nang le maemo a leholimo a pholileng. Mefuta ea leboea e lula thoteng, ha e ka boroa e lula lithabeng, moo moea o batang ho feta phuleng. Kahoo, ka leboea ho Europe, linhatchch e tloaelehileng ha e fumanoe e le kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, ha naheng ea Morocco e lula ho tloha ho 1.75 km ho isa ho 1.85 km ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Ke linate feela tse sefahleho se ntšo tse ahileng Boroa le Boroa-bochabela ho Asia tse bonts'ang monyetla oa morung oa tropike o mabalane.
Hoa thahasellisa! Naheng ea habo rona ho na le mefuta e mengata ea linate. E tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke nuthatch e tloaelehileng, e nang le sehlaha ho tloha meeling e ka bophirima ho isa bochabela ho Russia.
Libakeng tse ka leboea-bophirima ho Greater Caucasus, ho fumanoa nate e hlooho e ntšo, 'me literekeng tsa Asia Bohareng le Transcaucasia, majoe a maholo a majoe a tloaelehile. Yakut nuthatch e lula Yakutia le libaka tse haufi tsa Siberia ea Bochabela. Shaggy nuthatch e khethile Primorye Boroa.
Lijo tsa Nuthatch
Mefuta e ithutiloeng hantle e bonts'a karohano ea linako tsa selemo ea lijo ho liphoofolo (nakong ea ho ikatisa) le limela (nakong ea linako tse ling). Nakong ea selemo le ho fihlela bohareng ba lehlabula, linate li ja likokoanyana ka mafolofolo, haholo-holo li-xylophages, tse fumanoang ka lehong, makhapetla a petsohileng, li-axils tsa makhasi kapa marung. Mefuta e meng (mohlala, ho Carolina nuthatch), karolo ea liprotheine tsa liphoofolo sehleng sa ho tlolelana e atamela 100%.
Linonyana li fetohela ho likarolo tsa semela haufi le hoetla, ho kenyelletsa le lenaneng la tsona:
- peo ea coniferous;
- litholoana tse lero;
- linate;
- li-acorn.
Li-Nuthatches li tšoara melomo ea tsona ka bokhabane, li arola likhetla le ho hlaba likhoka / maleshoane a maholo. Li-nutolches tsa Karolinska le lihlooho tse sootho li ithutile ho sebetsa ka chip e le lever, ho bula likheo tlasa makhapetla kapa ho qhaqha likokoanyana tse kholo. Setsebi sa mesebetsi ea matsoho se boloka seletsa sa sona molomong oa sona ha se fofa sefateng se seng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Mokhoa oa ho iphelisa o etsa linate tse amanang le lihohoana tse chefo, li-pikas, li-woodpeckers le li-hoopoes tsa lifate. Feela joalo ka tsona, linate li sheba lijo tlasa makhapetla le mameno a tsona.
Empa ho hloa manala ha se tsela e le 'ngoe feela ea ho batla lijo - linate tse fofang nako le nako lia fofa ho ea lekola fatše le morung. Ha li qeta ho etsa lihlaha, linate tsa linate li fofa hole le libaka tsa tsona tsa furu, tse kopaneng le linonyana tsa bo-hloma-u-hlomole.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Li-Nuthatches li na le molekane a le mong, empa le tsona ha li tele. Linonyana li se li loketse ho ikatisa qetellong ea selemo sa tsona sa pele... Linate tsohle, ntle le mefuta e 'maloa ea majoe, li "haha" lihlaha ka mekoting, li li koahela ka joang le makhasi, hammoho le boriba, makhapetla, boea, lerōle la lehong le masiba.
Li-nutch tsa Canada, Algeria, Corsican, tse hlooho e ntšo le tse shaggy li koala sekoti kapa li lula li le likheo tsa tlhaho. Mefuta e meng e lula mekoting ea khale, ho kenyeletsoa matlo a bolulo a mapolanka. Barnacle le Caroline nuthatches (ba tšosa li-squirrel le likokoana-hloko) ba khomarela bophara ba monyako oa blister maleshoane, ba hlahisa monko o monate oa cantharidin.
Rocky Nuthatches e etsa sehlaha sa letsopa / letsopa-lipitsa kapa liphalase: Meaho e meholo ea Rocky Nuthatch e boima ba 32 kg. Nuthatch ea Canada e sebetsa le resin ea li-conifers: e tona e kantle, mme e tšehali e kahare ho lesoba. Ho roala sekoti ho etsoa ho latela maikutlo - ka letsatsi kapa ka matsatsi a 'maloa.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ho koahela mabota a kahare a sekoti, e tšehali ha e je letho, empa e noa ... 'mapa kapa lero la birch, e le ntša ka ntle ho tlanya, e koahetsoeng ke mohetle.
Ka clutch ho na le mahe a masoeu a mane ho isa ho a 14 a nang le bohlasoa bo bosehla kapa bokgubetsoana. E tshehadi e a di ellela matsatsi a 12-18.
Batsoali ka bobeli ba fepa bana. Litsuonyana tsa Nuthatch li hlaha butle butle ho feta tse ling tse fetang, ebe li nka mapheo kamora matsatsi a 18-25. Ha li tsoa ka sehlaheng, bana ha ba tlohele batsoali ba bona hanghang, empa kamora libeke tse 1-3.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Li-Nuthatches li na le lira tse ngata tsa tlhaho har'a liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo le liphoofolo tse anyesang. Linonyana tsa batho ba baholo li tsongoa ke liphakoe, liphooko le marten. Litsuonyana le lithupa li sokeloa ke liphooko le li-martens, hammoho le li-squirrel, makhoaba le li-jay.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Phetolelo ea morao-rao ea Lenane le Lefubelu la IUCN e thathamisa maemo a mefuta e 29 ea linate, tseo bongata ba tsona li sa ameheng ho mekhatlo ea paballo.
Ho ea ka IUCN (2018), ho na le mefuta e 4 e kotsing ea ho timela:
- Sitta ledanti Vielliard (Algeria nuthatch) - o lula Algeria;
- Sitta insularis (Bahamian nuthatch) - e lula Bahamas;
- Sitta magna Ramsay (senatla se seholohali) - lithaba tsa boroa-bophirima ho China, leboea-bophirima ho Thailand, bohareng le bochabela ho Myanmar;
- Sitta victoriae Rippon (linoko e soeufalitsoeng e tšoeu) - Myanmar.
Mofuta ona oa morao-rao o lula mosikong oa Thaba ea Nat Ma Taung, sebakeng se senyane se ka bang 48 km². Moru o bophahamong ba ho fihla ho 2 km o remiloe ka ho felletseng mona, lipakeng tsa 2 le 2.3 km e senyehile haholo, mme ea lula e sa angoa feela lebanteng le phahameng. Tšokelo e kholo e tsoa ho temo le ho chesa temo.
Baahi ba linate tsa Algeria tse lulang Taza Biosphere Reserve le Babor Peak (Tell Atlas) ha ba fihle le linonyana tse 1 000, tse bontšang boemo ba eona bo bobe. Sebakeng sena se senyane, lifate tse ngata li ile tsa cha, sebakeng sa tsona lipeo tsa kedare li ile tsa hlaha, ha linate li khetha moru o kopaneng.
Baahi ba linate tse kholo ba fokotseha ka lebaka la ho rengoa ha meru ea meru ea phaene ea lithaba (ka bochabela ho Myanmar, boroa-bophirima ho China le leboea-bophirima ho Thailand). Moo ho rengoa ha lifate ho thibetsoeng (Yunnan), baahi ba hlobolisa makhapetla a lifate, ba a sebelisetsa ho futhumatsa. Moo lifate tsa phaene li neng li tloaetse ho mela, ho hlaha lifate tse nyane tsa eucalyptus, tse sa tšoaneleheng bakeng sa linate.