Mackerel (Scomber) ke moemeli oa mofuta oa litlhapi o tsoang lelapeng la mackerel, tlhapi ea sehlopha sa Ray-finned le taelo ea Mackerel. Litlhapi tsa Pelagic, tseo bophelo ba tsona bo sa amaneng le botlaaseng ba 'mele ea metsi. Mofuta ona o kenyelletsa mefuta e mene: Australia mackerel (S. australasicus), African mackerel (S. colias), Japanese mackerel (S. japonicus) le Atlantic mackerel (S. scombrus).
Tlhaloso ea mackerel
Karolo e ikhethang ea baemeli ba genus ke 'mele oa fusiform, o koahetsoeng ke likala tse nyane tsa cycloidal.... Sesepa sa ho sesa mefuteng e fapaneng ea mackerel e kanna ea ba teng kapa ea se ke ea ba teng.
Ponahalo
Mackerel e khetholloa ka 'mele o molelele, o mosesaane ebile o hatelletsoe hamorao ka caudal peduncle le para ea lateral keels. Mofuta ona ha o na carina ea bolelele bo bolelele. Litlhapi li na le mola o entsoeng ke mapheoana a mahlano a tlatsetso kamora 'mokotla o mosesane le oa morao. Hammoho le litho tse ling tsa lelapa, mackerel e na le lesale la masapo le haufi le mahlo.
Maphegwana a hlapi a mabe a arogantšwe ke sekgeo seo se hlalošitšwego gabotse. Ts'ebetso ea mpa lipakeng tsa mapheoana e tlase ebile ha e bifurcated. Ka morao ho mapheoana a bobeli a mokokotlo le a manaka, ho na le mola oa mapheoana a batlang a le manyane, a etsang hore ho khonehe ho qoba ho theoa ha li-eddies nakong eo metsing a tsamaeang ka potlako. Lephegwana la hlapi le tiile ebile le na le mafofa a lekanego.
'Mele oohle oa' mackerel o koahetsoe ke likala tse nyane. Carapace e ka pele e thehiloe ka sekala se seholo, empa ha e a ntlafala hantle kapa ha e eo ka botlalo. Tsela e batlang e otlolohile e na le mothinya o monyane hape o sa thelleng. Meno a litlhapi a manyane, a na le sebopeho se bopehileng. Boteng ba meno a palatine le a hlatsa ke tšobotsi. Li-stamens tse tšesaane tsa branchial li bolelele bo bolelele, 'me palo ea tsona e phahameng haholo karolong e ka tlase ea arch ea pele ea branchial ha e feta likotoana tse mashome a mararo a metso e mehlano. Baemeli ba genus ba na le 30-32 vertebrae.
Hoa thahasellisa! Moemeli e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa mofuta ona ke mackerel ea Afrika, e bolelele ba 60-63 cm mme e boima ba lik'hilograma tse peli, 'me tlhapi e nyane haholo ke mackerel ea Japane kapa e putsoa (42-44 cm le 300-350 g).
Sefena sa mackerel se a supa, ka mathoko a ka pele le a kamorao a mahlo, a kwahetswe ka leihlo le mafura le hlalositsweng hantle. Ditlhaka tsohle tsa branchial di bonahala ka ho hlaka ka molomo o bulehileng haholo. Maphegwana a sefubeng a makhutshwane, a tlhamilwe ke marang a 18-21. Mokokotlo oa litlhapi o khetholloa ka 'mala oa tšepe o botala bo koahetsoeng ka mela ea wavy ea' mala o lefifi. Mahlakore le mpa ea baemeli ba mofuta ona ba khetholloa ka 'mala o bosehla bo bosehla, ntle le matšoao.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Baemeli ba mofuta oa Mackerel ba sesang ka potlako, ba ikamahanya hantle le motsamao o mafolofolo karolong ea metsi. Mackerel e bua ka litlhapi tse sa khoneng ho qeta boholo ba bophelo ba tsona haufi le tlase, ka hona li sesa haholo sebakeng sa pelagic sa metsi. Ka lebaka la mapheoana a pharaletseng, baemeli ba sehlopha sa litlhapi tse hlatsoitsoeng ke Ray le taelo ea Mackerel ba qoba habonolo li-eddies leha e le maemong a motsamao o potlakileng.
Mackerel e khetha ho khomarela likhapetla, hape hangata e tloaetse lihlopha tse nang le li-sardine tsa Peru. Baemeli ba lelapa la mackerel ba ikutloa ba phutholohile ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang feela mocheso oa 8-20 ° C, ka hona, ba khetholloa ka ho falla ha selemo le selemo. Selemo se seng le se seng, li-mackerels li ka fumanoa feela Leoatleng la India, moo mocheso oa metsi o leng matle ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ka lebaka la ho ba sieo ha senya sa ho sesa, 'mele oa fusiform le' mele o tsoetseng pele hantle haholo, mackerel ea Atlantic e tsamaea kapele haholo mekhahlelong ea metsi, e nts'etsapele habonolo lebelo la lik'hilomithara tse mashome a mararo ka hora.
Ha boemo ba leholimo bo batang bo qala, 'mackerel o lulang metsing a Leoatle le Letšo o fallela karolong e ka leboea ea Yuropa, moo ho nang le maqhubu a futhumetseng a lekaneng ho fa litlhapi bophelo bo botle. Nakong ea ho falla, litlhapi tse jang liphoofolo ha li sebetse haholo ebile ha li sebelise matla a tsona ho batla lijo.
Ke limmackerel tse kae tse lulang
Karolelano ea bophelo ba mackerel maemong a tlhaho e ka ba lilemo tse leshome le metso e robeli, empa linyeoe li tlalehiloe ha lilemo tsa litlhapi tse ts'oeroeng li fihla lilemong tse mashome a mabeli.
Habitat, habitats
Baemeli ba mefuta ea li-mackerel tsa Australia ke baahi ba tloaelehileng ba metsi a lebopong la Pacific Bophirimela, ho tloha Japane le China ho ea New Zealand le Australia. Karolong e ka bochabela, sebaka sa kabo ea mofuta ona se namela le lihlekehlekeng tsa Hawaii... Batho ka bomong le bona ba fumanoa metsing a Leoatle le Lefubelu. Metsing a tropike, mackerel ea Australia ke mofuta o sa tloaelehang haholo. Litlhapi tsa Meso- le epipelagic li fumanoa metsing a lebopong, eseng ka tlase ho limithara tse 250-300.
Mackerel ea Afrika e lula metsing a lebopong la Leoatle la Atlantic, ho kenyeletsoa le Leoatle le Letšo le la Mediterranean. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba atile haholo ka boroa ho Mediterranean. Boteng ba baahi bo tsejoa ho tloha ka bochabela ho Atlantic le Bay of Biscay ho fihlela Azores. Hangata li-juvenile li fumanoa libakeng tsa tropike, ha li-mackerels tsa khale ka ho fetisisa li atile metsing a chesang a mongobo.
Baemeli ba mefuta ea li-mackerel tsa Bochabela li ajoa metsing a futhumetseng, a chesang le a mongobo. Sebakeng sa Russia, baahi ba mofuta ona le bona ba haufi le Lihlekehleke tsa Kuril. Nakong ea lehlabula, ho na le phallo ea tlhaho ea selemo ho ea metsing a tlas'a mocheso oa tlhaho, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho holisa sebaka sa kabo ea tlhaho haholo.
Atlantic mackerel ke mofuta o tloaelehileng o fumanehang Leoatleng la Atlantic Leboea, ho kenyeletsoa le lebopo le ka bochabela ho tloha Lihlekehlekeng tsa Canary ho ea Iceland, hape e fumaneha Leoatleng la Baltic, Mediterranean, North, Black le Marmara. Haufi le lebopo le ka bophirima, mackerel ea Atlantic e fumanoa ho tloha Cape of North Carolina ho ea Labrador. Nakong ea ho falla ha lehlabula, hangata batho ba baholo ba kena ka metsing a Leoatle le Lefubelu. Palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea mackerel ea Atlantic e fumaneha lebopong le ka boroa-bophirima ho Ireland.
Lijo tsa Mackerel
Mackerels ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo ka metsing. Litlhapi tse nyane li fepa haholo ka li-plankton tsa metsing tse tlhotliloeng le li-crustaceans tse nyane. Batho ba baholo ba khetha li-squid le litlhapi tse nyane joalo ka phofu. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba fepa haholo motšehare kapa ka shoalane.
Motheo oa lijo tsa baemeli ba mofuta ona oa mackerel oa Japane hangata o emeloa ke palo e kholo ea liphoofolo tse nyane tse lulang libakeng tsa phepelo:
- euphausides;
- li-copepods;
- cephalopods;
- khekhe jellies;
- letsoai;
- polychaetes;
- makhala;
- litlhapi tse nyane;
- caviar le liboko tsa litlhapi.
Ho na le phetoho ea linako lijong. Har'a tse ling, mackerel e kholo e iphepa haholo ka litlhapi. Har'a batho ba baholo ka ho fetisisa, ho jeoa malimo hangata ho tsejoa hangata.
Hoa thahasellisa! Sebata se senyenyane sa metsing se matla haholo, empa baemeli ba mefuta ea li-mackerel tsa Australia ba na le takatso ea lijo e ntlehali, eo, ka tlala ea tlala, ba khonang ho itahlela ntle le ho tsilatsila leha e le ka sekoting sa ho tšoasa litlhapi ntle le leraba.
Ha e hlasela phofu ea eona, mackerel e etsa lerata. Ka mohlala, mackerel ea Atlantic ka metsotsoana e seng mekae e khona ho nts'etsapele lebelo la 70-80 km / h. Setsomi se phelang metsing se tsoma, se kakatletse ka mehlape. Hamsa le majoe a lehlabathe, hammoho le li-sprats, hangata li fetoha lintho tsa ho tsoma mehlape e meholo. Liketso tse kopanetsoeng tsa baemeli ba baholo ba mofuta ona li baka phofu ho nyolohela kaholimo ho metsi. Khafetsa, tse ling tsa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse kholo tsa metsing, hammoho le linonyana tsa leoatleng, li kenella lijong.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Litlhapi tsa Pelagic thermophilic tsa sekolo li qala ho hlaha selemong sa bobeli sa bophelo... Ho feta moo, batho ba holileng ka thobalano ba khona ho hlahisa bana selemo le selemo ho fihlela ba fihla lilemo tse leshome le metso e robeli ho isa ho mashome a mabeli. Li-mackerels tse seng li holile haholo li qala ho hlaha nakong ea selemo. Bacha ba qala ho ikatisa qetellong ea Phuptjane. Li-mackerels tse holileng ka thobalano li hlahisa likarolo tse ling. Ts'ebetso ea ho ikatisa e etsahala metsing a futhumetseng a lebopong nakong ea selemo-lehlabula.
Li-mackerels tsa mefuta eohle li ikatisa ka mafolofolo. Bakeng sa baemeli bohle ba sehlopha sa litlhapi tse hlatsoitsoeng ke Ray, lelapa la mackerel le taelo ea Mackerel, tsoalo e sa tloaelehang ke tšobotsi, ka hona, batho ba baholo ba tlohela mahe a ka bang halofo ea milione, a bolokiloeng botebong ba limithara tse 200. Karolelano ea bophara ba lehe e ka ba millimeter e le 'ngoe. Lehe ka leng le na le lerotholi la mafura, le sebeletsang e le lijo ka lekhetlo la pele bakeng sa malinyane a ntseng a hola le a hola kapele.
Hoa thahasellisa! Nako ea ho theoa ha liboko tsa mackerel e ipapisitse le boiketlo tikolohong ea metsing, empa hangata e fapana matsatsing a 10-21.
Mackerel larva e bohale haholo ebile e ja nama, ka hona e tloaetse ho ja nama. Fry e hlahileng mahe ho ea lefats'eng e nyane haholo ka boholo, 'me bolelele ba bona bo tloaelehileng ha bo fete lisenthimithara tse' maloa. Mackerel Fry e hola ka potlako le ka mafolofolo, ka hona, qalong ea hoetla, boholo ba tsona bo ka eketsa makhetlo a mararo kapa ho feta. Kamora moo, sekhahla sa kholo ea mackerel e nyane se fokotseha haholo.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Litho tsohle tsa lelapa la mackerel li na le palo e kholo ea lira tikolohong ea tlhaho ea metsing, empa litau tsa leoatleng le li-pelican, tuna e kholo le lishaka li kotsi haholo ho sebatana se mahareng. Litlhapi tsa pelagic tse kenang sekolo tse atisang ho lula metsing a lebopong ke sehokelo sa bohlokoa moketjaneng oa lijo. Mackerel, ho sa tsotelehe lilemo, ke phofu ea khafetsa eseng feela bakeng sa litlhapi tse kholo tsa pelagic, empa le bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tsa leoatleng.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Baemeli ba mefuta ea li-mackerel tsa Japane ba atile haholo-holo hajoale, baahi ba ikhethileng ba lulang metsing a leoatle lohle. Palo e kholo ea mackerel e lula metsing a Leoatle la Leboea.
Ka lebaka la boemo bo phahameng ba tsoalo, baahi ba lula ba le maemong a tsitsitseng, leha ho na le litlhapi tse ngata tsa selemo le selemo tse ts'oasoang.
Ho tla boela ho be monate:
- Salmon e pinki (lat. Onсorhynсhus gоrbusсha)
- Bream e tloaelehileng (lat .bramis brama)
- Carp ea silevera (lat. Carassius gibelio)
Ho fihlela joale, palo ea baahi bohle ba lelapa la Mackerel le mofuta oa Mackerel li baka tšabo e nyane. Le ha mekhahlelo ea mefuta eohle e kopana, hajoale ho na le mofuta o ikhethang oa mofuta o itseng sebakeng sa libaka.
Boleng ba khoebo
Mackerel ke tlhapi ea bohlokoa haholo ea khoebo... Baemeli ba mefuta eohle ba khetholloa ke nama e mafura haholo, e nang le vithamine B12 e ngata, ntle le lipeo tse nyane, e bonolo ebile e monate haholo. Nama ea mackerel e halikiloeng le e halikiloeng e fumana botsitso bo batlang bo omme. Baemeli ba mofuta oa mackerel ea Japane ba ts'oaroa metsing a Leoatle la Pacific. Japane le Russia li hlasela mackerel ea Japane haholo-holo ka lihlopha tsa mariha tsa mariha.
Litlhapi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li bonoa nakong ea Loetse ho isa Pulungoana. Ts'ebetso ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi e etsoa ka maqhubu a botebo ba mahareng, hape e etsoa ka thuso ea sepache le ho beha matlooa, li-gill le matlooa a hoholeha, lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi. Litlhapi tse ts'oeroeng li ea 'marakeng oa lefatše ka mokhoa o tsubang le o hoammeng, o letsoai le o nang le makotikoti. Mackerel hajoale ke mofuta o tsebahalang oa ho ikatisa khoebong Japane.
