Tarbosaurus (lat. Tarbosaurus)

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Li-tarbosaurs ke baemeli ba mofuta oa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse kholo, li-dinosaurs tse kang likokoanyana tse tsoang lelapeng la Tyrannosaurid, ba neng ba lula mehleng ea Upper Cretaceous libakeng tsa China le Mongolia ea kajeno. Tarbosaurs e bile teng, ho latela bo-ramahlale, lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 71-65 tse fetileng. Mofuta oa mofuta oa Tarbosaurus ke oa sehlopha se kang Lizard, sehlopha sa lihahabi, li-Dinosaurs tse phahameng haholo, hammoho le Theropods e ka tlase le lelapa le leholo la Tyrannosaurus.

Tlhaloso ea Tarbosaurus

Masala kaofela a fumanoeng ho tloha ka 1946, e leng a batho ba 'maloa ba Tarbosaurus, a nolofalletsa ho hlahisa ponahalo ea mokholutsoane ona o moholo le ho fihlela liqeto tse itseng ka bophelo ba ona le liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea ho iphetola ha lintho. Li hlahisa li-tyrannosaurs ka boholo, leha ho le joalo li-tarbosaurs e ne e le e 'ngoe ea li-tyrannosaurids tse kholo ka nako eo.

Ponahalo, litekanyo

Li-tarbosaurs li haufi le tyrannosaurs ponahalong ea tsona ho feta Albertosaurus kapa Gorgosaurus... Mokholutsoane o moholo o ne o khethollotsoe ke molao oa motheo o moholohali, lehata le leholo le lekanang ka bongata, e telele e lekaneng, ha o bapisoa le baemeli ba lekala la bobeli la lelapa le tsoelang pele, ho kenyeletsoa Gorgosaurus le Albertosaurus. Bafuputsi ba bang ba nka T. bataar e le e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea li-tyrannosaurs. Maikutlo ana a etsahetse hang kamora ho sibolloa, le lipatlisisong tse ling tsa morao.

Hoa thahasellisa! E bile feela ka ho sibolloa ha sehlopha sa bobeli sa mesaletsa ea baepolli ba lintho tsa khale se hlahisitsoeng ke mofuta o mocha oa Alioramus moo Alioramus a netefalitsoeng e le mofuta o ikhethileng, o fapaneng ka ho felletseng le Tarbosaurus.

Sebopeho sa masapo a Tarbosaurus ka kakaretso se ne se le matla haholo. Mmala oa letlalo o nang le scaly, hammoho le tyrannosaurs, li ne li fapana hanyane ho latela maemo le tikoloho. Litekanyo tsa mokholutsoane li ne li hlolla. Bolelele ba motho e moholo bo ne bo fihla ho limithara tse leshome le metso e 'meli, empa ka karolelano, liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse joalo li ne li se bolelele ba limithara tse 9,5. Bophahamo ba li-tarbosaurs bo ne bo fihla ho 580 cm ka boima ba' mele ea boima ba lithane tse 4.5-6.0. Boholo ba eona e ka ba bolelele ba 125-130 cm.

Libatana tse joalo li ne li na le mohopolo o holileng hantle, empa mokholutsoane ona o ne o e-na le kutlo e ntle le monko, e leng se neng se etsa hore e be setsomi se ke keng sa lekanngoa. Phoofolo e kholo e ne e na le mehlahare e matla le e matla, e nang le palo e kholo ea meno a bohale. Tarbosaurus e ne e tšoauoa ka boteng ba maoto a mabeli a kapele a ka pele, a neng a fella ka menoana e 'meli e nang le manala. Maoto a mabeli a ka morao a matla le a matla haholo a sebatana a qetile ka menoana e meraro e tšehetsang. Tekanyo ha o tsamaea le ho matha e fanoe ka mohatla o lekaneng ka ho lekana.

Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo

Li-tarbosaurs tsa Asia, hammoho le li-tyrannosaurs tse amanang, ka likarolo tsohle tsa tsona tsa mantlha e ne e le tsa sehlopha sa libaka tse ikemetseng tse ikemetseng. Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka bo-rasaense ba bang, maemong a itseng a bophelo ba bona, mekholutsoane e meholo e ne e khona ho tsoma hammoho le tikoloho e haufi.

Hangata, liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse seng li le baholo li ne li tsoma ka bobeli le e tona kapa e tšehali, hammoho le malinyane a seng a holile. Ho feta moo, ho ne ho nahanoa hore moloko o monyane o ka be o fepa le ho ithuta lihlopheng tse joalo tse ling tsa metheo ea phepo le mekhoa ea ho phela ka nako e telele.

Bolele ba bophelo

Ka 2003, ho ile ha hlaha filimi ea litokomane e bitsoang In the Land of Giants. Li-tarbosaurs li hlahile 'me tsa nkuoa karolong ea bobeli - "Giant Claw", moo bo-rasaense ba hlahisitseng likhopolo-taba ka karolelano ea bophelo ba liphoofolo tse joalo. Ho ea ka bona, mekholutsoane ena e meholohali e phetse lilemo tse ka bang mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano, e le lilemo tse mashome a mararo.

Dimorphism ea thobalano

Mathata a boteng ba ts'oaetso ea thobalano ho li-dinosaurs a khahlile bo-rasaense ba malapeng le ba kantle ho naha ho feta lilemo tse mashome a supileng, empa kajeno ha ho lumellanoe ka likarolo tse nolofalletsang ho khetholla e motšehali ho e motona ka tlhaiso-leseling e kantle.

Nalane ea tlhahiso

Matsatsing ana, mofuta o le mong o tsejoang ka kakaretso ke Tarbosaurus bataar, 'me ka lekhetlo la pele li-Tarbosaurs li fumanoe nakong ea leeto la Soviet-Mongolia ho ea Umnegov aimag le sebopeho sa Nemegt. Ho fumanoa ha nako eo, e emeloang ke lehata le li-vertebrae tse 'maloa, ho fane ka lijo tsa ho nahana. Setsebi se tsebahalang sa palesa sa Russia Yevgeny Maleev qalong o ile a fumana ntho e joalo ka lebaka la tlhaiso-leseling e itseng e le mofuta o mocha oa Amerika Leboea Tyrannosaurus - Tyrannnosaurus bataar, e bakoang ke palo e kholo ea likarolo tse tloaelehileng. Holotype ena e ile ea fuoa nomoro ea boitsebahatso - PIN 551-1.

Hoa thahasellisa! Ka 1955, Maleev o ile a hlalosa mahata a mang a mararo a Tarbosaurus. Kaofela ha tsona li ne li tlatselletsoa ka likhechana tsa masapo tse fumanoeng nakong ea leeto le tšoanang la mahlale. Ka nako e ts'oanang, boholo ba batho ba bararo bo ikhethang.

Setšoantšo se nang le nomoro ea boitsebahatso ea PIN 551-2 se amohetse lebitso le khethehileng la Tyrannosaurus efremovi, e le ho tlotla mongoli ea tummeng oa mahlale oa mahlale oa Russia le setsebi sa paleontiki Ivan Efremov. Mehlala e nang le linomoro tsa boitsebahatso tsa PIN 553-1 le PIN 552-2 e fuoeng mofuta o mong oa American tyrannosaurid Gorgosaurus li ile tsa reoa Gorgosаurus lancinator le Gorgosаurus nоvojilovi, ka ho latellana.

Leha ho le joalo, e se e ntse e le ka 1965, setsebi se seng sa paleonto sa Russia se bitsoang Anatoly Rozhdestvensky se ile sa hlahisa khopolo-taba ho latela hore na lipapiso tsohle tse hlalositsoeng ke Maleev ke tsa mofuta o le mong, o maemong a fapaneng a kholo le kholo. Motheong ona, ka lekhetlo la pele, bo-ramahlale ba fihletse qeto ea hore litheko tsohle ha se tsona, seo ka tloaelo se bitsoang li-tyrannosaurs tsa mantlha.

E ne e le mofuta oa Rozhdestvensky o neng o reiloe Tarbosaurus, empa lebitso la mantlha la mofuta ona le ile la sala le sa fetohe - Tarbosaurus bataar. Ho sa le joalo, setoko se se se ntse se tlatsitsoe ka li sibollo tse ncha tse tsoang Lefeelleng la Gobi. Bangoli ba bangata ba ile ba hlokomela ho nepahala ha liqeto tse etsoang ke Rozhdestvensky, empa ntlha ea ho khetholla ha e e-so beoe.

Tsoelo-pele ea pale e etsahetse ka 1992, ha setsebi sa paleontiki ea Amerika Kenneth Carpenter, ea ileng a ithuta ka hloko lisebelisoa tsohle tse bokelletsoeng, a etsa qeto e hlakileng ea hore liphapang tse fanoeng ke rasaense Rozhdestvensky li ne li sa lekana ho khetholla sebatana ka mofuta o itseng. E ne e le American Kenneth Carpenter ea ileng a tšehetsa liqeto tsohle tsa pele tse hapiloeng ke Maleev.

Ka lebaka leo, mefuta eohle ea Tarbosaurus e neng e fumaneha ka nako eo e ile ea tlameha ho abeloa Tyrannosaurus bataar hape. Mokhelo e ne e le Gorgosaurus novojilovi ea mehleng, eo 'Metli oa mapolanka a ileng a e khetha e le mofuta o ikemetseng oa Maleevosaurus (Maleevosaurus novojilovi).

Hoa thahasellisa! Leha e le hore hajoale li-Tarbosaurs ha li rutoe hantle, joalo ka Tyrannosaurs, setsi se setle se 'nile sa bokelloa ho theosa le lilemo, se nang le mefuta e ka bang mashome a mararo, ho kenyeletsoa mahata a leshome le metso e mehlano le masapo a mangata a morao-rao.

Leha ho le joalo, lilemo tse ngata tsa 'metli oa mapolanka ha lia ka tsa fumana tšehetso e pharalletseng maemong a mahlale. Ho feta moo, qetellong ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, setsebi sa paleontiki sa Amerika Thomas Carr o ile a supa Tarbosaurus ea banyane ho Maleevosaurus. Kahoo, litsebi tse ngata hajoale li amohela Tarbosaurus e le mofuta o ikemetseng ka ho felletseng, ka hona Tarbosaurus bataar e boletsoe litlhalosong tse ncha le liphatlalatsong tse ngata tsa mahlale tsa kantle ho naha le tsa malapeng.

Habitat, habitats

Li-Tarbosaurs tse seng li le sieo li ne li atile libakeng tse seng li hapiloe ke China le Mongolia. Mekholutsoane e meholo joalo e jang hangata e ne e lula merung. Nakong ea komello, li-tarbosaurs, tse neng li tlameha ho kena-kenana le mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa lijo linakong tse thata, ho ka etsahala hore li ne li khona ho hloella le metsing a matša a sa tebang, moo likotopo, likoena, le li-caenagnatids tse lebelo li neng li fumanoa.

Lijo tsa Tarbosaurus

Molomong oa mokholutsoane oa tarbosaurus, ho ne ho e-na le meno a ka bang leshome le metso e tšeletseng, eo bolelele ba eona e neng e le bonyane limilimithara tse 80-85... Ho latela maikutlo a litsebi tse ling tse tsebahalang, linatla tse jang nama e ne e le basomi ba tloaelehileng. Ba ne ba sitoa ho tsoma ka bobona, empa ba ja litopo tsa liphoofolo tse seng li shoele. Bo-rasaense ba hlalosa ntlha ena ka sebopeho se ikhethang sa 'mele ea bona. Ho latela pono ea mahlale, mofuta ona oa mekholutsoane e jang liphoofolo, joalo ka baemeli ba theropods, ba ne ba sa tsebe ho tsamaea kapele ka ho lekana holima lefats'e ho lelekisa phofu ea bona.

Li-tarbosaurs li ne li na le 'mele o moholo, ka hona, ka ho ba le lebelo le leholo molemong oa ho matha, sebatana se seholo joalo se ka oela' me sa fumana likotsi tse mpe haholo. Litsebi tse ngata tsa paleontologists li lumela ka mokhoa o utloahalang hore lebelo le leholo le hlahisitsoeng ke mokholutsoane ha le na ho feta 30 km / h Lebelo le joalo le ne le ke ke la lekana hore sebatana se atlehe ho tsoma phofu. Ho feta moo, mekholutsoane ea khale e ne e sa bone hantle le masapo a makhuts'oane a tibial. Sebopeho sa mofuta ona se bontša ka ho hlaka ho lieha ho feteletseng le ho ba bobebe ha Tarbosaurs.

Hoa thahasellisa! Ho nahanoa hore li-tarbosaurs li ka be li ile tsa tsoma liphoofolo tsa khale joalo ka saurolophus, opistocelicaudia, protoceratops, therizinosaurus le erlansaurus.

Leha ho na le taba ea hore bafuputsi ba 'maloa ba beha li-tarbosaurs e le lihlaseli tsa lijo, maikutlo a tloaelehileng ke hore mekholutsoane eo e ne e le libatana tse tloahelehileng, e ne e le se seng sa maemo a holimo tikolohong ea tikoloho, hape e atlehile ho tsoma li-dinosaurs tse kholo tse jang limela. e dulang likhohlong tse metsi tse nang le likhohola.

Ho ikatisa le bana

Tarbosaurus e motšehali ea holileng tsebong o ile a behela mahe a 'maloa, a ileng a beoa ka sehlaheng se lokiselitsoeng pele' me a lebeloa ka matla ke sebatana se seholo. Kamora ho hlaha masea, e tšehali e ile ea tlameha ho ba tlohela ebe ba ea batla lijo tse ngata. 'Mè o ile a fepa bana ba hae ka boithatelo, a khutlisa nama ea li-dinosaurs tse bolaeang feela. Ho nahanoa hore e tšehali e ka khutlisa lijo tse ka bang kilograma tse mashome a mararo kapa a mane ka nako.

Ka sehlaheng, malinyane a Tarbosaurus le 'ona a ne a e-na le bolaoli bo ikhethang... Ka nako e ts'oanang, mekholutsoane e menyenyane e ne e sa khone ho atamela lijo ho fihlela baholoane ba bona ba khotsofetse ka botlalo. Kaha li-Tarbosaurs tsa khale li ne li leleka bana ba fokolang ka ho fetesisa le ba banyenyane lijong, palo ea malinyane ka har'a bana butle-butle e ile ea fokotseha. Ts'ebetsong ea mofuta oa khetho ea tlhaho, ke li-Tarbosaurs tse atlehileng le tse matla ka ho fetisisa feela tse holileng le ho fumana boipuso.

Malinyane a likhoeli tse peli a Tarbosaurus a se a fihlile bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 65-70, empa e ne e se kopi e nyane ea batsoali ba bona. Lintho tsa pele tse fumanoeng li bontšitse ka ho hlaka hore li-tyrannosaurids tse nyane li ne li na le phapang e kholo ho batho ba baholo. Ke ka lebaka la hore masapo a Tarbosaurus a batlang a felletse a nang le lehata le bolokiloeng hantle a fumanoe, hore bo-rasaense ba ile ba khona ho lekola ka nepo liphapang tse joalo, le ho nahana ka bophelo ba bacha ba tyrannosaurids.

Ho tla boela ho be monate:

  • Pterodactyl
  • Megalodone

Mohlala, ho fihlela morao tjena ho ne ho sa hlake hantle hore na palo ea meno a bohale le a matla haholo ho li-tarbosaurs e ne e lula e le teng bophelong bohle ba li-dinosaurs tse joalo. Litsebi tse ling tsa paleonton li nahanne hore ka lilemo, palo ea meno a li-dinosaurs tse kholo joalo ka tlhaho e fokotsehile. Leha ho le joalo, malinyane a mang a tarbosaurus, palo ea meno e lekana hantle le palo ea eona ho batho ba baholo le mekholutsoane ea bocha ea mofuta ona. Bangoli ba lithuto tsa mahlale ba lumela hore taba ena e hanyetsa likhopolo-taba mabapi le phetoho ea palo e felletseng ea meno ho baemeli ba lilemo tsa tyrannosaurids.

Hoa thahasellisa! Li-tarbosaurs tse nyane, mohlomong, li ne li lula sehlopheng sa tse bitsoang libatana tse nyane tse tsomang mekholutsoane, haholo-holo li-dinosaurs tse nyane, hape, mohlomong le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse fapaneng.

Mabapi le mokhoa oa bophelo oa li-tyrannosaurids tse nyane, nakong ea hajoale ho ka boleloa ka kholiseho e felletseng hore li-tarbosaurs tse nyane ha li latele batsoali ba tsona ka ho hlaka, empa li rata ho phela le ho fumana lijo ka botsona. Bo-rasaense ba bang joale ba fana ka maikutlo a hore li-tarbosaurs tse nyane ha ho mohla li kileng tsa kopana le batho ba baholo, baemeli ba mefuta ea tsona. Ho ne ho se tlholisano ea phofu lipakeng tsa batho ba baholo le bacha. Joaloka liphofu, li-tarbosaurs tse nyane le tsona li ne li se na thahasello ho likokoanyana tse jang tse jang thobalano.

Lira tsa tlhaho

Li-dinosaurs tse monate li ne li le kholohali, kahoo maemong a tlhaho li-tarbosaurs li ne li se na lira... Leha ho le joalo, ho nahanoa hore e kanna eaba ho bile le likhohlano le li-theropods tse ling tsa boahelani, tse kenyeletsang Velociraptors, Oviraptors le Shuvuya.

Video ea Turbosaurus

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