Macaque ea Majapane Ke tšoene e sa tloaelehang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ho fapana le balekane ba eona ba bonolo le ba thermophilic, e lula maemong a mabe a seretse se chesang sa voltano ea Kuttara le mariha a lehloa. Macaca fuscata e lula moeling oa phula e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea mocheso oa lefatše.
Lehloa le serame se batang mariha li kopana le litšiea tsa mosi le mouoane o tsoang maling a lefatše. Litšoene ha lia ithuta feela ho phela maemong a thata a sehlekehleke, empa hape li ikamahantse le matla a lefats'e. Litšoantšo tse sa tloaelehang tsa litšoene tse ntseng li phela ka metsing bohareng ba lehloa le mouoane li hlolla ka mokhoa o fetelletseng. Bahahlauli ba tsoang lefats'eng lohle ba tla khahloa ke setšoantšo se sa tloaelehang joalo.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Japane macaque
Macaca fuscata ke phoofolo e anyesang e tsoang ho tatellano ea litšoene. Ke ea lelapa le leholo la litšoene, le nang le mefuta e fetang 20. Mathoasong a 19, bo-rasaense ba fumane mme ba hlalosa li-subspecies tse peli tsa macaque ea Japane, mme hamorao ba kopanya mabitso ana libukeng tsa litšupiso tsa liphoofolo:
- Macaca fuscata fuscata, 1875;
- Macaca fuscata yakui Kuroda, 1941.
Litšoene tsa lehloa li fumanoa hoo e batlang e le sebakeng sohle se seholo sa Lihlekehleke tsa Japane.
Likolone tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li tsepamisitsoe lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa naha:
- Hell Valley, banyalani ba naha Shikotsu-Toya oa Sehlekehleke sa Hokkaido;
- Jigokudani, sebaka se tummeng sa Monkey Park Leboea ho Honshu;
- Meiji No Mori Mino Quasi-National Park haufi le Osaka.
Masala a fumanoeng a li-macaque tsa pele ke a khale ho tloha Pliocene ea pele. Mofuta ona o lilemo tse fetang limilione tse 5. Masalla a baemeli ba khale ba mofuta ona a supa hore liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang li ile tsa pholoha mammoths mme tsa bona li-Neanderthal tsa pele. Bo-rasaense ba lumela hore li-macaque tsa Japane li fihla lihlekehlekeng tsa Japane ka ho tšela mochophoro o tsoang Korea nakong ea Middle Pleistocene lilemong tse 500000 tse fetileng.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Photo: Macaque ea Majapane mohloling
Ka ntle, li-macaque tsa Majapane li fapane le tsa tlhaho ea tsona ka letlalo la tsona le lelelele, le teteaneng le tšeletseng le khubelu. Japane, ba bitsoa ba sefahleho se sefubelu. Sefahleho, maroko le marako a lula a sa koaheloa ke litšoene. Boea bo teteaneng bo hlahile ka lebaka la tlholeho mme bo thusa ho phela maemong a leholimo a leholimo a mofuta ona. Mebala e fapana ho tlowa ho sootho ho isa ho bohlooho ho ya bosehla bo bosehla
Macaque a na le 'mele o mosesane o mosesane. Li na le mohatla o monyane, litsebe tse nyane le lehata le lelelele, joalo ka li-macaque. Mahlo a borokwa bo futhumetseng ka mmala o mosehla. Litšoene tsa mofuta ona li na le ponahalo e bohlale le e hlalosang ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang.
Video: Japane macaque
Boima ba mofuta ona ha bo fete lik'hilograma tse 12. Ho li-macaque tsa Majapane, sebopeho sa thobalano sea hlahisoa. Tse tona li telele ebile li kholo ho feta tse tšehali. Tse tona tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li fihla ho 11.5 kg mme li hola ho fihla ho 60 cm ka bolelele. Tsehali li boima ba karolelano ea lik'hilograma tse 8.4 ka bolelele ba cm 52-53.
Bo-rasaense ba hlokomela kamano lipakeng tsa boima ba 'mele ba li-macaque tsa Majapane le boemo ba leholimo. Li-macaque tsa Majapane libakeng tse ka boroa li na le boima bo ka tlase ho libaka tse ka leboea tse nang le bophahamo bo phahameng, moo ho nang le lehloa le lengata likhoeling tsa mariha.
Li-macaque tsa Majapane tse lulang maemong a matle li na le mahata a maholo ho feta a lulang maemong a mabe. Nakong ea pele, bolelele ba lehata la monna ke ka karolelano ea lisenthimithara tse 13,4, ka basali tse 11,8 cm.Ka sehlopha sa bobeli, lehata le fokotsehile hanyane: ho banna - 12.9 cm, ho basali - 1.5 cm.
Li-macaque tsa Majapane li lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Majapane a macaque mariha
Habitat ea Macaca fuscata - lihlekehleke tsa Japane. Macaque a mofuta ona a ka fumaneha ho pholletsa le sebaka sa sehlekehleke sena le sehlekehleke sena. O phela merung e chesang le e mongobo. Karolo e ka leboea ea mokoloko ona e oela merung e pholileng e futhumetseng le e makhethe. Sebaka sena se na le mocheso o itekanetseng oa 10.9 ˚C le pula e tloaelehileng ea selemo le selemo ea 1,500 mm.
Karolong e ka boroa ea libaka tsa bona, li-macaque tsa Majapane li lula merung e lulang e le setala se hlohlorehang. Sebakeng sena, mocheso o tloaelehileng ke 20 ˚C, 'me pula e nang selemo le selemo e fihla ho 3000 mm. Mofuta oohle oa mofuta ona o khetholloa ke mariha a matla. Lihlopha tsa litšoene li theohela tlase ho 2000 m bakeng sa mariha. Li-macaque tsohle tsa Majapane li qeta likhoeli tsa mariha mabalane.
Lehlabula, litšoene li ka bonoa bophahamong bo ka bang limithara tse 3200. Nakong ea likhoeli tsa mariha, hangata lihlopha li theohela libakeng tse futhumetseng, ho limithara tse 1800 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Li-macaque tsa Majapane ha li fumanoe feela karolong e bohareng ea lihlekehleke. Ba lula lebopong, sebakeng sa matša esita le libakeng tse mokhoabo.
Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-70 tsa lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, e le teko, lihlopha tse 25 tsa Macaca fuscata li ile tsa isoa polasing e Texas. Litšoene li ile tsa iphumana li le maemong a neng a sa tšoane ho hang le mefuta ea tsona. Phetoho e matla ea maemo a leholimo le khetho ea lijo e sokeloa ke ho fela. Ba bangata ba bona ba ile ba shoa. Empa tšoene ea lehloa e bontšitse litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa pholoho. Banyalani ba fetohile 'me ba ikatisa.
Kamora lilemo tse 20, baahi ba ile ba hlaphoheloa mme ba eketseha. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la boits'oaro bo hlokang boikarabello ba batho ba neng ba se ba sa khone ho laola sehlopha, liphoofolo li ile tsa balehela liphoofolong tse hlaha tsa Texas e omeletseng. Litšoene tse oetseng naheng li ile tsa bolaoa ke tlala le lenyora. Ba ne ba tsongoa ke batho le liphoofolo. Kamora ho kenella ka nako e nepahetseng ha baitseki ba litokelo tsa liphoofolo, litšoene li ile tsa tšoaroa 'me tsa khutlisetsoa sebakeng se sirelelitsoeng.
Li-macaque tsa Majapane li ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Japane Macaque
Macaque ea Japane e makatsa ebile e ja lijo tse fapaneng. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 200 ea limela lijong tsa bona. Lijo li na le lijo tsa selemo, lehlabula le tsa hoetla le mariha. Ho na le nala merung ea Japane nakong ea hoetla. Metso ea metso e lero, litholoana tse butsoitseng le tse butsoitseng haholo. Macaque ha o hlokomolohe makhasi a semela a holileng, lipeo, linate le metso e nkhang hamonate.
Nakong ea selemo, litšoene li batla letlobo la pele la lehlaka le fern makhasi a selemo se fetileng. Cheka joang bo bocha, ba maphathaphathe ba batla li-buds tse nyane lifateng le lihlahleng. Lijo tse ling li setse merung ho tloha selemong se fetileng. Litšoene li e fumana tlasa lehloa, makhasi a oeleng, boriba. Nakong ea selemo, liphoofolo li qala ho ba le khaello ea lijo. Likokoanyana tse nyane li ea lijong, tseo ka tebello ea mofuthu li tlohang hibing.
Nakong ea selemo, litšoene li ja mahe, ao linonyana li a behang lifateng le mapatsong a lithaba. Litšoene tsa lehloa li rata li-mushroom, tse ngata merung e mongobo le e mongobo ea Japane selemo ho pota. Li-mushroom li hola ka bobeli fatše le lifateng. Litšoene li tseba ho li fumana ka nako efe kapa efe selemong.
Hoo e ka bang selemo ho pota, lijo li thehiloe linate le monokotsoai. Mariha le mathoasong a selemo, linate li siiloe ke hoetla le ho hoamisoa, monokotšoai o sa jeoang o oela mongolong oa ka. Ho hlokometsoe hore litšoene ha li hloee makhapetla le mobu. Ba tsoma liphoofolo tse se nang mokokotlo. Li-macaque tse lebopong li rata ho tsoma li-oyster, litlhapi, makhala le libopuoa tse ling tsa leoatle.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Macaque ea liphoofolo tsa Majapane
Macaque ea Majapane ke phoofolo e bohlale ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, e khutsitseng ebile e le botsoalle ka tsela ea eona ea bophelo. Bohlale bo phahameng bo lumella Macaca fuscata ho phela mariha a malelele matsatsi a fetang 120. Mokhatlo le melao e entsoeng ka lihlopha tsa li-primate li thusa ho phela maemong a batang a batang.
Le ha li-macaque tsa Majapane li na le boea bo botenya bo botala, ha li lelekise metsi. Ha litšoene li tsoa metsing a chesang mariha, li hoama le ho kula. E le hore merabe e meng e tsebe ho lula metsing a futhumetseng halelele kamoo ho ka khonehang, batho ka bomong ba mosebetsing. Ho lula ka ntle ho metsi, ba lebela moeli, ba lebetse polokeho, 'me ba fa ba lulang ka bateng lijo. Ha nako ea bona ea ho phomola e fihla, ba itahlela ka metsing.
Li-macaque tsa Majapane li tloaelane le bohloeki. Ba hlatsoa lijo tsa bona, ba li hloekisa mobu o setseng, esita le ho li hloekisa pele ba ja. Ntle le moo, li-macaque tsa Majapane li ka sebelisa metsi ho nolofatsa lijo. Bo-rasaense ba hlokometse hore ba inela lijo-thollo pele ba li ja.
'Nete e monate: Macaca fuscata o tseba ho ithabisa le ho rata. Monate oa bona ke oa sehla. Mariha, ba thabela ho thelelisa tlase thabeng le ho bapala lehloa. Bohlale bo phahameng joalo bo hlokometsoe bolumeling, litsoaneng le botaki ba Japane, hammoho le maele le lipolelo tsa maele.
Monkey ea lehloa e phela bophelo ba nako e telele, bo etsahalang haholo lifateng. Li-macaque tsa Majapane li na le mekhoa ea tsona ea puisano. Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore litšoene li bile li na le puo ea tsona ha li letsa melumo. Ntle le moo, ba sebelisa sefahleho le boitšisinyo ka thuso ea bona ho fetisa tlhahisoleseling le ho buisana. Ho hlahisa mehopolo le maikutlo, li-macaque li sebelisa sefahleho se fapaneng, ho bontša meno, ho phahamisa lintši, esita le ho phahamisa litsebe.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Baby Macaque ea Japane
Litšoene li lula ka lihlopha. Ba thehile bolaoli bo thata. Banna ba Alpha ba na le phihlello ea lijo pele, ebe litho tse ling tsa pakete, ho latela maemo a bona.
Macaque a fetisetsa tsebo le tsebo e fumanoeng ho bana ba bona. Sireletsa bacha, arolelana lijo, arolelana matšoao a tloaelehileng ho lemosa ka kotsi. Litho tsa sehlopha lia hlokomelana, li thusa ho tsoma likokoana-hloko, le ho theha le ho boloka likamano tsa sechaba ka har'a sehlopha. Boholo ba tlhokomelo bo etsoa lipakeng tsa bana ba motho, hangata bo-mme le barali.
Macaque e theha maqhama a kopaneng lipakeng tsa tse tona le tse tšehali, ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, ho fepa, ho phomola le ho tsamaea nakong ea nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo. Banna ba Alpha ba na le tokelo ea ho khetha e tšehali. Ntle le moo, hangata ba roba lilekane le banna ba ka tlase ho bona maemong a phahameng. Tse tšehali li nyalana le banna ba boemo bofe kapa bofe, empa li khetha tse kholo. Leha ho le joalo, qeto ea ho nyalana e etsoa ke mosali.
Bokhachane bo fela ka ho beleha matsatsi a 180 ka mor'a kemolo. E tshehadi e tsoala lesea le le leng, ke ka seoelo e leng tse peli. Tse tona di hola kamora lemo tse 6, tse tshehadi kamora lemo tse 4. Madinyane a hlaha ka moriri o mosootho bo fifetseng. Mahareng a libeke tse hlano ho isa ho tse tšeletseng, malinyane a qala ho ja lijo tse tiileng mme a khona ho fepa ka bo ona ho bo-mme ba ona pele ho libeke tse supileng.
Tse tshehadi di pepa masea a tsona ka mpa ka dibeke tse nne tsa pele. Kamora nako ena ka morao. Tse tona tse holileng le tsona li nka karolo thutong ea bacha. Ba sebetsa le masea, baa a fepa esita le ho a pepa ka mekokotlong, joalo ka basali.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa macaque a Majapane
Setšoantšo: Japanese Macaque Red Book
Ka lebaka la sebaka se ikhethileng sa bolulo, palo ea lira tsa tlhaho tsa litšoene ka tlhaho e lekantsoe. Lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa litšoene li ka ba le litšokelo tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho ho latela sebaka sa liphoofolo tse li jang.
Kotsi e ka hlaha fatše, lifate esita le leholimong:
- Tanuki ke lintja tsa li-raccoon. Ba lula haufi le Japane;
- Likatse tse hlaha - tse fumanoang lihlekehlekeng tsa Tsushima le Iriomote. Ho setse tse ka tlase ho 250 naheng;
- Linoha tse chefo li lula karolong eohle ea naha e nang le lifate le mekhoabo;
- Liphokojoe tsa Sehlekehleke sa Honshu;
- Mountain Eagle - linonyana li lula libakeng tse lithaba tsa sehlekehleke sena.
Kotsi e kholo ho litšoene, leha ho le joalo, ke batho. Ba na le bothata ba lihoai, mapolanka le litsomi. Mefuta ea liphoofolo e fokotseha ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea masimo, kaho le nts'etsopele ea marang-rang a litsela.
Lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho fokotseha ha baahi ba li-macaque tsa Majapane ke ho senngoa ha sebaka sa bona sa bolulo. Sena se qobella tšoene ho ikamahanya le maemo le ho fumana lijo kantle ho sebaka sa eona se tloaelehileng. Ho bolaoa li-macaque tse ka bang 5,000 selemo se seng le se seng, leha e le mofuta o sirelelitsoeng, hobane ba hlasela mapolasi a haufi ba batla lijo mme ka hona ba senya lijalo.
Kaha li-macaque li nkuoa e le tse senyang lijalo tsa temo mme li baka kotsi e kholo ho balemi, ho ile ha buloa ho tsoma ho sa laoleheng. Ka 1998, li-macaque tsa Majapane tse fetang 10,000 li ile tsa bolaoa. Kamora pheliso e sa nahanoang, mmuso oa naha o ile oa nka bothata ba ho sireletsa macaque ea Japane.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Monkey ea Majapane ea macaque
Palo eohle ea li-macaque tse hlaha tsa lehloa lihlekehlekeng tsa Leoatle la Japane sebakeng sa bona sa tlhaho ke litšoene tse fetang 114,430. Ho theosa le lilemo, palo ena ea eketseha kapa ea fokotseha ho latela maemo a tlhaho.
Liphoofolo li tloaelehile lihlekehlekeng tsohle tse kholo tsa Japane:
- Hokkaido;
- Honshu;
- Shikoku;
- Kyushu;
- Yakushima.
Baahi ba ka leboea ba li-macaque tsa Majapane ba fumanoa ntlheng e ka leboea ea sehlekehleke sa Honshu - lihlooho tse fetang 160. Karolong e ka boroa ka ho fetisisa e sehlekehlekeng sa Yakushima se lebopong le ka boroa la Japane. Baahi ba ile ba abeloa mefuta ea bona e fapaneng - M.f. Yakui. Ho na le batho ba fetang 150 sehlopheng sa Yakushima. Baahi ba fokolang ba 600 ba lula Texas, USA mme ba sirelelitsoe ke mekhatlo ea tikoloho ea tikoloho.
Ntle le liphoofolo tse hlaha, li-macaque tsa Majapane li lula maemong a tsona a tloaelehileng sebakeng sa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa naha tsa Japane. Ka ho khetheha, u ka bona litšoene tsa lehloa ha u fihla Serapeng sa Sechaba sa Letša sa Sikotsu-Toya sehlekehlekeng sa Hokkaido, Meiji No Mori Mino Quasi-National Park e mosikong oa Thaba ea Mino ka leboea ho Osaka kapa Sehlekehlekeng sa Honshu se Jigokudani Park.
Ho ea ka bo-ramahlale, palo ea batho e tsitsitse, ha e bake ho tšoenyeha ho hoholo, empa e hloka taolo ea batho le tlhokomelo.
Tlhokomelo ea macaque ea Majapane
Setšoantšo: Li-macaque tsa Majapane tse tsoang ho Red Book
Mmuso oa Japane o netefatsa polokeho ea mofuta ona. Ho na le libaka tsa polokelo ea tlhaho le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo lihlekehlekeng tse tharo tsa Japane tsa Honshu, Shikoku le Kyushu, moo litšoene li ka hlahisang le ho ikatisa tikolohong ea tsona ea tlhaho. Likolone tse nyane tsa macaque li lula lihlekehlekeng tsohle tsa Leoatle la Japane.
Macaca fuscata e thathamisitsoe bukeng e khubelu. Boemo ba mofuta ona bo tsitsitse mme ha ho tsotelloe haholo ho latela maemo a machabeng. Leha ho le joalo, qalong ea lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, ka lebaka la boits'oaro bo sa utloahaleng ba batho, macaque ea Majapane e ne e le haufi le ho timela.
Ho latela US ESA, tšoene ea lehloa e thathamisitsoe e le kotsing. Li-subspecies Macaca fuscata yakui tse tsoang Sehlekehlekeng sa Yakushima li thathamisitsoe e le mofuta o kotsing ea IUCN. Qetellong ea lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, ho ne ho e-na le li-macaque tse pakeng tsa 35,000 le 50 000 Japane. Ka tsela e 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe, mesebetsi ea batho e ama kholo le ho fokotseha ha baahi ba lehloa lehloa.
'Nete e Monate: Ho na le linyeoe tse tsebahalang tsa lihlopha tsa ma-macaque tse hlaselang metsana le ho tšosa baahi ba motse, ho ba lelekisa le ho amoha bana lijo. Macaque e hlasela sebaka sa batho eseng feela ho fumana lijo, empa hape le ho batla mehloli e futhumetseng. Ho thibela litlhaselo tse tsoang ho litšoene, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho hlomella mehloli e mengata ea li-macaque tse tsoang Nagano. Sena se etsahetse kamora hore litšoene li leke ho hapa sebaka sa phomolo e tummeng.
Ho theha liteishene tsa phepo ho pholosa li-macaque le ho thibela li-foray tsa bona mapolasing a haufinyane ho khutlile morao ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, kaha baahi ba macaque libakeng tsena ba thehiloe ka maiketsetso.
Macaque ea Majapane Ke phoofolo e ikhethang. Sena ke sona feela sebopuwa se phelang polaneteng ntle le batho, ka bohlale se sebedisa mocheso wa lefatshe bakeng sa bophelo. O na le bokhoni bo phahameng ba kelello. Ha e tšabe metsi mme e sesa ka leoatleng le bulehileng sebaka se fetang kilomitara ho batla lijo le ka linako tse ling boithabiso. Tshwene ya lehlwa e kopana hantle le batho le diphoofolo tse ding.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 04/14/2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 19.09.2019 ka 20:37