Adelie Penguin sebupuwa se ikgethang. Motho e mong le e mong o angoa ke mokhoa oa bona o qabolang oa ho thella ho tloha paw ho isa paw le ho otlanya mapheo a bona mahlakoreng a bona. Mme makukuno a fofang a litsuonyana le batsoali ba bona, a thellang leqhoeng, joalo ka selomong, a shebahala a le motle haholo. E ne e le bophelo ba li-penguin tsa Adélie tse Antarctica tse ileng tsa sutumetsa libapali tsa Majapane le tsa Soviet ho theha qabolang The Adventures of Lolo the Penguin le Happy Feet.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Adelie Penguin
Adélie penguin (ka Selatine, e bitsoa Pygoscelis adeliae) ke nonyana e sa fofang ea tatellano ea li-penguin. Linonyana tsena ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e meraro ea mofuta oa Pygoscelis. DNA ea Mitochondrial le ea nyutlelie e bonts'a hore mofuta ona o arohane le mefuta e meng ea li-penguin lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 38 tse fetileng, lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 2 kamora baholo-holo ba mofuta oa Aptenodyte. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-penguin tsa Adélie li ile tsa arohana le litho tse ling tsa mofuta oo lilemong tse limilione tse 19 tse fetileng.
Video: Adelie Penguin
Batho ba pele ba li-penguin ba ile ba qala ho fofa lilemong tse limilione tse 70 tse fetileng. Baholo-holo ba bona ba ile ba lahleheloa ke matla a ho fofa leholimong 'me ea e-ba sesa ba tenyetsehang. Masapo a linonyana a se a le boima, e leng ho thusang ho qoela hantle. Hona joale linonyana tsena tse qabolang "li fofa" ka tlasa metsi.
Lintho tsa khale tsa penguin li fumanoe ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1892. Pele ho mona, boramahlale ba ne ba nahana hore libopuoa tsena tse makatsang tse nang le mapheo a manyane ke linonyana tsa khale tse neng li sa khone ho fofa. Eaba tšimoloho e hlakisoa: baholo-holo ba li-penguin - linonyana tse nang le nko-keel - sehlopha se tsoetseng pele haholo sa petrels.
Li-penguin tsa pele li hlahile Antarctica lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 40 tse fetileng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, mefuta e mengata e ne e phela lebopong la leoatle mme e phela bophelo ba lefatše feela. Har'a bona ho ne ho e-na le linatla tsa 'nete, mohlala, anthropornis, eo bolelele ba eona bo neng bo fihla ho cm cm 180. Baholo-holo ba bona ba ne ba se na lira tse kotsi nakong ea leqhoa la Antarctica, ka hona li-penguin li ile tsa felloa ke matla a ho fofa, tsa ikamahanya le maemo a batang haholo' me ea e-ba sesang hohle.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Adelie Penguin a Antarctica
Adélie penguin (P. adeliae) ke tsona tse ithutiloeng ka ho fetisisa mefuteng eohle e 17. Ba ile ba rehelloa ka Naha ea Adélie, moo ba ileng ba hlalosoa ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1840 ke mofuputsi oa Mofora ea bitsoang Ornithologist Jules Dumont-d'Urville, ea ileng a reha karolo ena ea kontinenteng ea Antarctic lebitso la mosali oa hae Adele.
Ha li bapisoa le li-penguin tse ling, li na le masiba a tloaelehileng a batsho le a masoeu. Leha ho le joalo, bonolo bona bo fana ka lesira le letle khahlanong le libatana le ha o ntse o tsoma phofu - e ntšo morao botebong ba leoatle le mpa e tšoeu holim'a metsi a leoatle a khanyang. Tse tona li batla li le kholo hanyane ho tse tsehali, haholo molomo oa tsona. Bolelele ba molomo bo atisa ho sebelisoa ho tseba bong.
Adelie penguin e boima ba pakeng tsa 3.8 kg le 5.8 kg ho ipapisitse le boemo ba ho ikatisa. Li boholo bo mahareng ka bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 46 ho isa ho 71. Likarolo tse ikhethang ke lesale le lesoeu le potileng mahlo le masiba a leketlileng holim’a molomo. Molomo o mokgubedu ka mmala. Mohatla o motelele hanyane ho feta oa linonyana tse ling. Ka ntle, seaparo sohle se shebahala joaloka tuxedo ea motho ea hlomphehang. Adélie e nyane hanyane ho feta mefuta e tsebahalang haholo.
Hangata li-penguin tsena li sesa ka lebelo le ka bang lik'hilomithara tse 8.0 / h. Li ka tlolela metsing a ka bang limithara tse tharo ho ea fihla mafikeng kapa leqhoeng. Ona ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo oa penguin.
Adelie penguin e lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Nonyana ea Adelie penguin
Ba lula sebakeng sa Antarctic feela. Li ithahela lebopong la Antarctica le lihlekehleke tse haufi. Sebaka se nang le baahi ba bangata ba li-penguin tsa Adélie se Leoatleng la Ross. Ha li lula sebakeng sa Antarctic, li-penguin tsena li tlameha ho mamella mocheso o batang haholo. Nakong ea likhoeli tsa mariha, Adélie o lula lipulong tse kholo tsa leqhoa ho fumana phihlello e ntle ea lijo.
Krill, sejo se tloaelehileng lijong. Li fepa ka plankton tse lulang ka tlas'a leqhoa la leoatle, kahoo li khetha libaka tse nang le krill e ngata. Nakong ea nako ea ho ikatisa, hangata mathoasong a selemo le lehlabula, li ea mabopong a leoatle ho ea haha lihlaha tsa tsona libakeng tse se nang leqhoa. Ka phihlello ea metsi a bulehileng sebakeng sena, batho ba baholo le bana ba bona ba fuoa phihlello ea lijo hang hang.
Li-penguin tsa Adélie tse sebakeng sa Leoatle la Ross la Antarctica li falla ka karolelano ea lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 13,000 selemo se seng le se seng, li latela letsatsi ho tloha likoloneng tsa tsona tsa lihlaha ho ea libakeng tsa ho iphelisa tsa mariha.
Nakong ea mariha, letsatsi ha le tjhabele boroa ho Arctic Circle, empa leqhoa la leoatle lea bokellana nakong ea likhoeli tsa mariha ebe le atoloha lik'hilomithara tse makholo ho tloha lebopong la leoatle ebe le fetela libakeng tse ling tse ka leboea ho feta Antarctica. Hafeela li-penguin li phela moeling oa leqhoa le potlakileng, li tla bona khanya ea letsatsi.
Ha leqhoa le khutla nakong ea selemo, li-penguin li lula moeling ho fihlela li khutlela lebopong nakong ea letsatsi. Maeto a malelele ka ho fetesisa a tlalehiloe ho 17,600 km.
Adelie Penguin o ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Adelie Penguin
Ba iphepa haholo-holo ka lijo tse tsoakiloeng tsa Euphausia superba Antarctic krill le E. Lenaneo le fapana ho ea ka libaka.
Lijo tsa li-penguin tsa Adélie li fokotsoe ho ba lijo tse latelang:
- litlhapi tsa leqhoa;
- krill ea leoatle;
- li-squid le li-cephalopods tse ling;
- lebone la litlhapi;
- li-anchovies tse khanyang;
- li-amphipods le tsona ke karolo ea lijo tsa tsona tse tloaelehileng.
Ho fumanoe hore jellyfish, ho kenyeletsoa le mefuta ea mofuta oa Chrysaora le Cyanea, e sebelisoa ka mafolofolo e le lijo ke li-penguin tsa Adélie, leha ho ne ho lumeloa pejana hore li li koenya feela ka phoso. Likhetho tse tšoanang li fumanoe mefuteng e meng e mengata: penguin ea mahlo a mosehla le penguin ea Magellanic. Li-penguin tsa Adelie li bokella lijo ebe lia li khutlisa ho fepa malinyane a tsona.
Ha li qoela ka holim'a metsi ho ea botebong ba moo li fumanang phofu ea tsona, Adélie penguin o sebelisa lebelo la ho fofa la 2 m / s, le nkoang e le lebelo le fanang ka ts'ebeliso e tlase ea matla. Leha ho le joalo, hang ha li fihla likolong tse teteaneng tsa krill botlaaseng ba tsona, li lieha ho tšoasa phofu. Ka tloaelo, Adélie penguin o khetha krill e tšehali e tšehali e nang le mahe, a nang le matla a mangata.
Ha bo-rasaense ba ithuta ka mesaletsa e bokellaneng likoloneng lilemong tse fetileng tse 38000, ba fihletse qeto ea hore ho bile le phetoho e sa lebelloang lijong tsa li-penguin tsa Adélie. Ba tlohile litlhaping e le mohloli oa bona oa mantlha oa lijo ho ea krill. Tsohle li qalile lilemong tse ka bang 200 tse fetileng. Mohlomong sena se bakoa ke ho fokotseha ha palo ea litiiso tsa boea ho tloha qetellong ea lekholo la bo18 la lilemo le maruarua a baleen mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Tlholisano e fokotsehileng e tsoang ho libatana tsena e lebisitse ho bongata ba krill. Hona joale lipenguin li e sebelisa e le mohloli oa lijo o bobebe.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Adelie Penguin a Antarctica
Pygoscelis adeliae ke mofuta oa li-penguin o ratang sechaba haholo. Ba lula ba sebelisana le batho ba bang sehlopheng kapa kolone ea bona. Adélie ba tsamaea hammoho ho tloha leqhoeng ho ea libakeng tsa bona tsa sehlaha ha nako ea ho ikatisa e qala. Lipara tse peli li sireletsa sehlaha. Li-penguin tsa Adélie le tsona li tsoma ka lihlopha, kaha sena se fokotsa menyetla ea ho hlaseloa ke liphoofolo tse li jang le ho eketsa bokhoni ba ho fumana lijo.
Li-penguin tsa Adelie li ka fofa ka metsing ho thella limithara tse 'maloa kaholimo ho metsi pele li oela ka metsing. Ha li tloha metsing, li-penguin li hema moea kapele. Ha ba le naheng, ba ka tsamaea ka litsela tse ngata. Li-penguin tsa Adelie li tsamaea li otlolohile ka ho qhomela habeli, kapa li ka thella ka mpeng leqhoeng le lehloeng.
Potoloho ea bona ea selemo le selemo e ka akaretsoa ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse latelang:
- nako ea pele ea ho fepa leoatleng;
- ho fallela kolone ho pota Mphalane;
- lihlaha le ho holisa malinyane (likhoeli tse ka bang tharo)
- ho falla ka Hlakubele ka ho fepa kamehla;
- molt leqhoeng ka Hlakubele-Hlakubele.
Ha li le naheng, li-penguin tsa Adélie ka ponahalo li na le ponahalo e botsoa, empa ha li le ka leoatleng, li ba joalo ka sesesi sa torpedo, se tsomang phofu botebong ba limithara tse 170 le ho ba ka metsing nako e fetang metsotso e 5. Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba ts'ebetso ea bona ea ho qoela e tsepame ka har'a mithara ea 50 ea metsi, hobane, joalo ka liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, botebo ba bona bo phahameng ba ho qoela bo khethoa ke ho phunyelletsa ha leseli botebong ba leoatle.
Li-penguin tsena li na le letoto la liphetoho tsa mmele le biochemical tse ba lumellang ho lelefatsa nako ea bona ba le ka tlasa metsi, eo li-penguin tse ling tse boholo bo tšoanang li sitoang ho li mamella.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Adelie Penguin Mosali
Male Adélie penguin, a hohela tlhokomelo ea tse tšehali, a bonts'a molomo o phethotsoeng, ho kobeha molaleng le 'mele o molelele hore o hōle ka botlalo. Tsamaiso ena e boetse e sebeletsa ho phatlalatsa sebaka se kolone e le sa bona. Mathoasong a selemo, Adélie penguin o khutlela libakeng tsa bona tsa ho ikatisa. Banna ba fihla pele. Banyalani ka bomong ba arabela pitso ea e mong oa ho tlolelana 'me ba ea sebakeng seo ba ileng ba robala ho sona selemong se fetileng. Banyalani ba ka kopana hape lilemo tse 'maloa ka tatellano.
Matsatsi a eketsehang a selemo a hlasimolla li-penguin ho qala nako ea tsona ea ho fepa khafetsa ho bokella mafura ao a a hlokang nakong ea ho ikatisa le ha ho qaloa. Linonyana li haha lihlaha tsa majoe ho lokisetsa mahe a mabeli. Li-penguin tsa Adelie hangata li na le malinyane a mabeli ka sehla, lehe le le leng le behang nakoana kamora la pele. Mahe a emisoa ka matsatsi a ka bang 36. Batsoali ba chenchana ho hloekisa li-penguin tse nyane libeke tse ka bang 4 kamora ho qhotsoa.
Batsoali ka bobeli ba etsetsa bana ba bona lintho tse ngata. Nakong ea ho alola, tse tona le tse tšehali li chenchana ka lehe, ha molekane oa bobeli a "fepa". Hang ha tsuonyana e qhotsitse, batho ba baholo ka bobeli ba chenchana ho batla lijo. Litsuonyana tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li tsoaloa li na le masiba a tlase 'me ha li khone ho iphepa. Ka mor'a libeke tse 'nè malinyane a qhotsitse, e tla ikopanya le li-penguin tse ling tsa bana tse bitsoang Adélie bakeng sa tšireletso e ntle. Ka setsing sa tlhokomelo ea bana, batsoali ba ntse ba fepa malinyane a bona mme ke ka mor'a matsatsi a 56 feela moo bana ba bangata ba Adélie penguin ba ikemetseng.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa Adelie penguin
Setšoantšo: Adelie Penguin
Litiiso tsa Lengau ke tsona tse jang liphoofolo tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa tsa Adélie penguin, tse hlaselang haufi le moeli oa leqhoa. Litiiso tsa Lengau ha se bothata bakeng sa li-penguin tse lebopong hobane litiiso tsa lengau li tla lebopong feela ho tla robala kapa ho phomola. Li-penguin tsa Adelie li ithutile ho feta liphoofolo tsena tse jang liphoofolo ka ho sesa ka lihlopha, ho qoba leqhoa le lesesaane le ho qeta nako e nyane ka metsing ka tlase ho limithara tse 200 ho tloha lebopong la tsona. Maruarua a bolaeang hangata a hlasela baemeli ba kholoanyane ba mefuta ea li-penguin, empa ka linako tse ling ba ka ja li-adeles.
South Polar Skua e iphepa ka mahe le litsuonyana tse siiloeng li sa lebelloa ke batho ba baholo kapa li fumanoe mathomong a lipene. White plover (Chionis albus) ka linako tse ling le eona e ka hlasela mahe a sa sireloang. Li-penguin tsa Adélie li kopana le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo pele ho nako ka liqibi tsa lengau le li-whale tse bolaeang ka leoatleng, le li-petrels tse kholohali le li-skuas naheng.
Lira tsa mantlha tsa tlhaho tsa li-penguin tsa Adélie ke:
- Li-whale tse bolaeang (Orcinus orca);
- Litiiso tsa lengau (H. leptonyx);
- Skuas e Boroa Boroa (Stercorarius maccormicki);
- plover e tšoeu (Chionis albus);
- petrel e khōlōhali (Macronectes).
Adelie penguin hangata ke matšoao a matle a phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Ba se ba qalile ho ba le mabopo a leoatle a neng a koahetsoe ka ho sa feleng ke leqhoa, ho bonts'a tikoloho e futhumetseng ea Antarctic. Li-colonies tsa Adélie penguin ke libaka tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho etela libaka tsa tlhaho Antarctica. Ho tloha lekholong la leshome le metso e robeli la lilemo ho isa lekholong la mashome a mabeli la lilemo, li-penguin tsena li ne li sebelisetsoa lijo, oli le sefi. Guano ea bona e ile ea rafshoa 'me ea sebelisoa e le manyolo.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Adelie Penguin
Boithuto bo tsoang libakeng tse 'maloa bo bontšitse hore palo ea Adélie penguin e tsitsitse kapa ea hola, empa kaha litloaelo tsa baahi li its'etleha haholo kabo ea leqhoa la leoatle, ho na le ngongoreho ea hore ho futhumala ha lefatše ho ka qetella ho ama lipalo. Ba etsa libaka tse se nang leqhoa k'honthinenteng ea Antarctic nakong e khuts'oane ea lehoatata.
Ketsahalo ea bona leoatleng e etsa 90% ea bophelo mme ho latela sebopeho le ho fetoha ha leqhoa la leoatle selemo le selemo. Kamano ena e rarahaneng e bontšoa ke libaka tsa phepo ea linonyana, tse khetholloang ke boholo ba leqhoa la leoatle.
Ho ipapisitsoe le tlhaiso-leseling ea satellite ea 2014 ea libaka tse mabopong a leoatle a hloekileng, a bofubelu bo bofubelu bo sootho: li-3.79 tse ikatisang tsa Adélie li fumanoa likoloneng tse 251 tse ikatisang, keketseho ea 53% ho tloha palo ea batho ea lilemo tse 20.
Likolone li ajoa haufi le mabopo a leoatle a Antarctic le leoatle. Baahi ba Hloahloeng ea Antarctic ba fokotsehile ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1980, empa phokotso ena e se e felisitsoe ke keketseho ea Antarctica ea Bochabela. Nakong ea nako ea ho ikatisa, li bokana likoloneng tse kholo, tse ling li na le lipara tse fetang kotara ea milione.
Boholo ba likolone bo ka fapana haholo, 'me tse ling li ka ba tlokotsing ea maemo a leholimo. Libaka tsa bolulo li khethiloe ke BirdLife International joalo ka "Sebaka sa Bohlokoa sa Linonyana". Adelie Penguin, palong ea lipara tse 751,527, ba ngolisitsoe bonyane likoloneng tse hlano tse arohaneng. Ka Hlakubele 2018, kolone ea limilione tse 1.5 e fumanoe.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 05/11/2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 20.09.2019 ka 17:43
