Phokojoe e fofang Ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse tsamaeang libakeng tse kholo tsa Australia li iphesa lipalesa le litholoana tsa tlhaho, li jala peo le ho tsamaisa peo ea limela tsa moo. Liphokojoe tse fofang ha li na kamano le liphokojoe, empa ke sehlopha sa bo-'mankhane ba nang le lihlooho tse kang tsa liphokojoe.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e fofang
Liphokojoe tse fofang (tseo hape li bitsoang bo-'mankhane ba litholoana) ke litho tsa sehlopha se seholo sa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse bitsoang bo-'mankhane. Bo-'mankhane ke bona feela sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse khonang ho fofa nako e telele.
Diphokojane tsa ditholwana tsa Old World tse fofang (family Pteropodidae) di phela ka dihlopha tse kgolo mme di ja ditholwana. Ka hona, ke likokoanyana tse ka bang kotsi hape ha li khone ho romelloa United States. Joaloka hoo e batlang e le bo-'mankhane bohle ba litholoana Lefats'eng la Khale, liphokojoe tse fofang li sebelisa pono bakeng sa ho sesa, eseng ho koetlisoa.
Video: Flying Fox
E 'ngoe ea li-pteropodids tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke phokojoe e fofang (Pteropus), e fumanehang lihlekehlekeng tsa tropike ho tloha Madagascar ho ea Australia le Indonesia. Ke tsona bo-'mankhane ba baholo ka ho fetisisa. Tse ling tsa litho tse nyane ka ho fetisisa tsa Lelapa li ja peo e phofo le lero la lifate tsa litholoana.
Liphokojoe tse fofang ka leleme le lelelele (Macroglossus) li na le hlooho le 'mele bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 6-7 (2.4-2.8 inches) le mapheo a bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 25. 'Mala o fapana har'a li-pteropodids; tse ling li khubelu kapa bosehla, tse ling li metsero kapa li na le mabala, ntle le bo-'mankhane (Rousettus).
Litho tsa Lelapa tsa Asia li kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea liphokojoe tse fofang tse nkoang le litholoana liphokojoe tse fofang ka nko e khuts'oane (Cynopterus). Litho tsa Maafrika tsa Lelapa li kenyelletsa epaulette fox fox (Epomophorus), eo banna ba nang le litšupiso tse ikhethang tsa moriri o moputsoa mahetleng a bona, le phokojoe e nang le hlooho e hamore e fofang ea litholoana (Hypsignathus monstrosus), e nang le molomo o moholo o hlabang le molomo o thellang.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e fofang e shebahala joang
Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea liphokojoe tse fofang:
- phokojoe e ntšo e fofang;
- phokojoe e hlooho e putsoa;
- phokojoe e nyane e khubelu e fofang.
Phokojoe e ntšo e fofang (Pteropus alecto) e batla e ntšo ka ho felletseng ka molaleng o mofubelu o mofubelu o monyane le khanya e bosootho bo bosootho ka mpeng. Li na le boima ba ligrama tse 710 ka karolelano 'me ke e' ngoe ea mefuta e meholohali ea bo-'mankhane lefatšeng. Mapheo a tsona a bolelele a fetang 1 mitha.
Phokojoe e hlooho e putsoa (Pteropus poliocephalus) e bonahala habonolo ka molala oa eona o mafubelu, o mofubelu, hlooho e putsoa le maoto a boea. Ke phoofolo e anyesang e tloaelehileng ebile ke phokojoe e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea Australia e fofang. Batho ba baholo ba na le mapheo a bolelele ba bolelele ba mithara e le 'ngoe' me ba ka ba boima ba kilogram e le 'ngoe.
Hape ke mefuta e tlokotsing ka ho fetisisa hobane e qothisana lehlokoa le batho bakeng sa tikoloho e kholo ea mabopong mabopong a boroa-bochabela ho Queensland, New South Wales le mabopo a Victoria. Phokojoe e hlooho e putsoa ke mofuta feela oa phokojoe e fofang e leng teng ruri Australia Boroa mme ke mofuta oa naha o kotsing.
Phokojoe e nyane e khubelu e fofang (Pteropus scapulatus) e boima ba ligrama tse 300-600 ke phokojoe e nyane ka ho fetisisa ea Australia e fofang ebile e na le seaparo se sefubelu se sootho. Liphokojoe tse nyane tse khubelu tse fofang hangata li fofa haholo ho feta tse ling.
Phokojoe e fofang e lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe ea 'mankhane
Liphokojoe tse fofang li ka sebelisa mefuta e mengata ea bolulo e fanang ka lijo, haholo meru ea eucalyptus. Ka lifate tse loketseng lipalesa le lifate tse behang litholoana, bo-'mankhane ba tla fofela metseng le metsaneng, ho kenyeletsoa le litereke tse bohareng, ba sa tsilatsile.
Taba e khahlisang: Liphokojoe tse fofang ke liphoofolo tse tloahelaneng haholo tse iketselitseng lihlaha tse kholo, ka linako tse ling likete tse ngata. Tsena ke libaka tse lerata haholo le tse nkhang hamonate, moo baahisani ba lulang ba ngangisana ka libaka tsa bona tse nyane.
Lihlopha tse kholo tsa bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 28, tse jang litholoana tse fofang li hlooho tse bohlooho ha e sa le tse khahlang litoropong tse 'maloa tsa Australia, ho kenyeletsoa le Melbourne. Lilemong tse mashome a 'maloa tse fetileng, ho atolosoa ha mehloli e mecha ea lijo tsa litoropong le nts'etsopele ea bo-'mankhane matlong a polasi ho entse litoropo libaka tsa bona tsa bolulo tse ntle. Phallo ena e bile tlhohonolofatso e kopaneng bakeng sa liphokojoe tse fofang, tse tobaneng le lits'oso ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tsa litoropo joalo ka matlooa le terata e hlabang, hammoho le tlhekefetso e tsoang ho baahi.
Phokojoe e ntšo e fofang e atile libakeng tse lebopong le mabopong a Australia leboea ho tloha Shark Bay e Australia Bophirima ho ea Lismore, New South Wales. E boetse e fumanoe New Guinea le Indonesia. Sebaka sa moetlo sa phokojoe e hlooho e putsoa se bohole ba 200 km ho tloha lebopong le ka bochabela la Australia, ho tloha Bundaberg ho la Queensland ho ea Melbourne ho la Victoria. Ka 2010, liphokojoe tse ngata tse moriri o moputsoa li ile tsa fumanoa li lula libakeng tsena tsa setso; tse ling li fumanoe li kenella hare ka hare ho naha, mohlala, Orange, le ho ea fihla boroa-bophirima, ka mohlala, Adelaide.
Liphokojoe tse nyane tse khubelu tse fofang ke mefuta e atileng haholo Australia. Li koahela libaka tse fapaneng tsa bolulo Australia leboea le bochabela, ho kenyeletsoa Queensland, Northern Territory, Australia Bophirima, New South Wales le Victoria.
Joale ua tseba hore na phokojoe e lula kae. Ha re boneng hore na mankhane ona oa litholoana o ja eng.
Phokojoe e fofang e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e kholo e fofang
Hangata liphokojoe tse fofang li nkoa e le tse senyang lijalo ke balemi ba lirapa tsa litholoana. Leha ho le joalo, 'nete ke hore li rata lijo tsa tsona tsa tlhaho tsa lero le peo e phofo tse tsoang lifateng tsa naha tse thunyang haholo, haholo-holo eucalyptus le lifeiga, leha litholoana tsa teng le monokotšoai le tsona li jeoa. Ha meru e se e felisitsoe, liphokojoe tse fofang li lahleheloa ke mohloli oa tsona oa lijo 'me li qobelloa ho sebelisa mekhoa e meng e kang serapa sa lifate tsa litholoana.
Liphokojoe tse hlooho li putsoa ke litsomi tsa bosiu tsa limela le lipalesa. Ba fumana lihlahisoa tsena li sebelisa monko o matla le mahlo a maholo, a loketseng ho lemoha mebala bosiu. Liphokojoe tse fofang li khutlela bosiu bo bong le bo bong mehloling e tšoanang ho fihlela li felile. Lijo tsa tsona li fapane, li ka iphepa ka masalla a limela tsa lehae le libakeng tsa litoropo. Ba ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ncha, ho kenyeletsoa litholoana tsa lifate tse lenngoeng, haholoholo ha mehloli ea bona ea lijo e haella.
Taba e khahlisang: Diphokojwe tse fofang dihlooho tse fofang di rata ho fepa dikhilomithara tse 20 ho tloha moo di dulang, empa di ka tsamaya le ho fihla dikhilomitara tse 50 ho ya batla dijo.
Liphokojoe tse fofang li na le molemo ho bophelo bo botle ba limela ha li ntse li jala peo le ho tsamaisa peo ea limela tsa moo. Bafuputsi ba nahana hore ho falla ha liphokojoe tse fofang ho kanna ha amana le khaello ea lijo, phallo ea lero, kapa ho fetoha hoa linako tsa selemo.
Liphoofolo tsena, tse jang litholoana, lipalesa, lero le metso, ke senotlolo sa ho tsamaisa peo ea limela le ho hasanya peo. Ebile, ba khona ho fofa sebaka se selelele - ho feta 60 km ka bosiu bo le bong - ba tlisa litholoana (le lipeo) le bona mme ba bile ba bokella peo nakong ea sefofane. Ho ka etsahala hore litholoana li se ke tsa phela ntle le haeba lipeo tsa tsona li khona ho tsamaea hole le limela tsa bo-mme, ka hona liphokojoe tse fofang li netefatsa hore lia ata.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e fofang Maldives
Liphokojoe tse fofang li ntse li tsoela pele ho fallela libakeng tsa litoropo ho ea batla lijo le bolulo ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea sebaka sa bona sa tlhaho. Sena ka linako tse ling se ka ba bothata ho batho ba lehae ka lebaka la mathata a bophelo bo botle le boiketlo kampong ea liphokojoe e fofang.
Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea boholo ba bochabela ba Australia, liphokojoe tse moriri o moputsoa kapa bo-'mankhane ba jang litholoana, hangata li bonoa ka shoalane, li siea libaka tsa tsona tsa bosiu bo le bong ka lihlopha tse kholo ebe li leba moo li ratang ho fepa teng. Kaha phokojoe e hlooho e putsoa e thathamisitsoe e le tlokotsing New South Wales, ho hlokahala tumello ea ho tsamaisa liphokojoe.
Taba e khahlisang: Monko o moholo o amanang le liphokojoe tse fofang ke oa liphokojoe tse tona tse fofang tse sebelisoang ho tšoaea sebaka sa tsona. Le ha monko ona o ka khopisa batho ba bang, ha o na kotsi bophelong.
Lerata le ka ba bothata ha sebaka sa bolulo sa phokojoe e fofang se haufi le libaka tsa bolulo, tsa khoebo kapa tsa sekolo. Ha liphokojoe tse fofang li imetsoe kelellong kapa li tšohile, li etsa lerata le lengata. Likolone li tloaetse ho ba lerata ha li tšoenngoa ke batho le tse khutsitseng ha li siuoa li le bang.
Liphokojoe tse fofang li sebetsa bosiu ha li fofa libaka tse telele ho ea batla lijo. Haeba lehae la hau le le tseleng ea ho fofa ea liphokojoe tse fofang, mantle a ka ba le tšusumetso ho lona. Matlakala a tsoang liphoofolong tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa le liphokojoe tse fofang, a ka qetella a le marulelong.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e fofang
Liphokojoe tse fofang ha li tsoale kapele. Liphokojoe tse tšehali tse fofang li ba le bana ba lilemo tse peli kapa tse tharo, mme hangata li ba le ngoana a le mong selemo se seng le se seng. Sena se etsa hore ho be thata ho khutlisa palo ea batho nakong ea polao. Likampo tsa bo-'mankhane ke libaka tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, ho tsoala le ho holisa liphoofolo tse nyane. Liphokojoe tse hlooho e putsoa li ka kopana selemo ho pota, empa kemolo hangata e ba teng lipakeng tsa Hlakubele le Mots'eanong, ha tse tona li emere.
Boimana bo nka dikgwedi tse tsheletseng, mme tse tshehadi di tswala ledinyane le le leng pakeng tsa Lwetse le Pudungwana. Lesea le itšoarella ka mpeng ea 'm'a lona ebe le ts'oaroa libeke tse tharo ho isa ho tse hlano, ebe le tloha bosiu kampong ea bana bakeng sa bo-'mankhane. Bo-mme ba khutlela kampong nakoana pele mafube a hlaha, ba fumana malinyane a bona a sebelisa matšoao le monko o ikhethileng, mme ba anyesa. Bo-'mè ba thatela mapheo a bona mapheong ho a sireletsa motšehare le mochesong o batang.
Malinyane a khoesitsoe lebese la matsoele kamora likhoeli tse ka bang hlano, mme kamora ho ikoetlisetsa ho fofa ho potoloha kampo, a fofa bosiu le batho ba baholo ho ea ja lipalesa le litholoana. Bacha ba ithuta ho fofa ka likhoeli tse ka bang peli ebe ba ikemela ka botlalo kamora khoeli e tlang. Bacha ba ikemetseng ba tloaetse ho hlaheloa ke likotsi mme sekhahla sa lefu se phahame nakong ea lilemo tse peli tsa pele tsa bophelo.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa liphokojoe tse fofang
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e fofang e ntšo
Ho na le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse ngata tse fapaneng tse ka bakang mathata bakeng sa liphokojoe tse fofang. Boholo ba mefuta e fapaneng bo ama mathata a mofuta ofe ao ba ka bang le 'ona le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse fapaneng. Mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tse fofang e fumana phokojoe e fofang e le lijo tse monate. Tsena li kenyelletsa liphooko le liphakoe. Hangata liphooko li bonoa li tšoara bo-'mankhane nakong ea ha li fofa. Li ka ea li sa hlokomeloe, 'me ha liphokojoe tse fofang li feta, li jeoa ho se na tlhokomeliso.
Libata tse ka sehloohong tsa liphokojoe tse fofang:
- liphooko;
- liphakoe;
- linoha;
- likho;
- mink;
- mekotla.
Noha ke sebata se tloaelehileng sa liphokojoe tse fofang tse jang litholoana. Linoha li ka kopana habonolo le lifate le limela moo litholoana tse joalo li melang teng. Linoha tsena li ka fapana ka boholo ho tloha ho tse nyane ho isa ho tse kholo. Hangata li ba bothata bo boholo libakeng tse futhumetseng. Libakeng tseo ho hahiloeng liphokojoe tse fofang ho tsona, hangata ho ba le mathata a mangata ka ponahalo ea linoha.
Libakeng tse ling, li-raccoon le li-weasel li fumanoe e le libatana tsa liphokojoe tse fofang. Hangata li ipata libakeng tse robalang liphokojoe tse fofang. Ba li emetse ha ba kena kapa ba tsoa sebakeng sena. Likho tse bitsoang tarantula le tsona li ka bolaea mefuta e menyenyane ea liphokojoe tse fofang. Minks e boetse e fumanoe e le libatana tsa liphokojoe tse fofang libakeng tse ling.
Libakeng tse ling moo liphokojoe tse fofang li lulang lifateng, ho bile le litlaleho tsa ho ts'oaroa ke likatse tsa malapeng. Hangata ha li je liphokojoe tse fofang, empa li ka li bolaea esita le ho bapala le tsona. Ebile, batho ba bangata ba fumane hore ba na le liphokojoe tse fofang kamora hore ba tlisoe hae ke katse ea bona kapa ba bonoe ba bapala ka e 'ngoe kantle.
Sebata se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa liphokojoe tse fofang ke batho. Batho ba bangata ba a ba tšaba mme ba a nka e le litoeba tse kotsi. Taba ea hore sehlopha sa liphokojoe tse fofang li ka hola kapele haholo ke lebaka le leng la ho tšoenyeha. Kotsi ea ho jala lefu lefe kapa lefe ho tsoa ho bo-'mankhane le eona e tšoenya batho. Ba utloa ka li-rabies le mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle. Batho ba boetse ba tšoenyehile ka litlamorao tsa ho fofa ha moroto le mantle, kahoo hangata ba beha maraba a fofang.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e fofang e shebahala joang
Ho na le mefuta e 65 ea liphokojoe tse fofang lefatšeng, 'me halofo ea tsona e kotsing. Liphokojoe tse fofang li tobane le litšokelo tsa tahlehelo ea bolulo le ho tsoma ka bongata bakeng sa ho tsoma nama kapa papali ea tsona. Boemo bona ha bo khahlise tikoloho ea lihlekehleke ebile, qetellong, bakeng sa batho ba lulang moo. Bahlahisi ba bangata ba litholoana le bona ba lumela hore liphokojoe tse fofang li mpe hobane liphoofolo tse jang nama li ja litholoana tsa tsona; ka hona, mebuso e mengata e amohela polao e sehlōhō ea liphokojoe tse fofang. Ka 2015 le 2016, sehlekehlekeng sa Indian Ocean sa Mauritius, mmuso o bolaile liphokojoe tse fetang tse 40,000 tse fofang letšolong la pheliso ea bongata, leha mofuta oa matsoalloa, Pteropus niger, o nkuoa o le tlokotsing ea ho timela.
Kantle ho toropo, bahlahisi ba tlosa limela tseo liphokojoe tse fofang li jang ho tsona ha libaka tsa mahaeng li ntse li fetoloa ho ba masimo le matlo a bolulo, kapa ho fokotsoa bakeng sa lehong. Haeba pheliso e ntse e tsoela pele, baahi ba tla ba le likhetho tse fokolang le tse fokolang tsa lijo, ho etsa timetso ea bolulo e be tšokelo e kholo mofuteng ona.
Ho futhumala ha lefatše ho beha khatello ho palo ea liphokojoe tse fofang. Matsatsing a chesang haholo, liphokojoe tse fofang li ka shoa ka lebaka la khatello ea mocheso, e leng boemo boo li bo bontšang ka ho ikopanya hammoho le ho thellela butle-butle ka likutu tsa lifate ka bongata bo bobebe. Haeba ho na le leqhubu la mocheso nakong ea selemo mme masea a ntse a its'etleha ka botlalo ho bo-mme, a ka bolaea bana hoo e ka bang selemo.
Lenaneo la Naha la Tlhokomelo bakeng sa Sefofane se Fofang se Putswa se Australia le qadile ka la 14 Hlakola 2013 mme le etswa kgweding tse ding le tse ding tse tharo. Ena ke palo ea batho e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea liphokojoe tse moriri o moputsoa tse kileng tsa etsoa ho pholletsa le naha. Morero oa palo ea batho ke ho fana ka leihlo le tšepahalang la palo ea hajoale ea liphokojoe tse fofang ka 2013 le ho latela mekhoa ea baahi nakong e tlang.
Ho fofa Fox Guard
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e fofang e tsoang ho Red Book
Mefuta e meng ea liphokojoe tse fofang, mohlala, Mariana, litonanahali, Mauritius, liphokojoe tse fofang tsa Comoria, li kenyelelitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu. Maemo a bohloko a liphokojoe tse fofang sehlekehlekeng ho pota lefatše a hloka maano a sebetsang, a ipapisang le mahlale a paballo.
Ho thusa liphokojoe tse fofang, o ka li lema lifate tsa lijo ka jareteng ea hau. Ka ho etsa sena, o tla hohela liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang ho ea serapeng sa hau ho fihlela libeke tse 'ne ha li ntse li fula lipalesa kapa litholoana tsa sefate. Lifate tseo liphokojoe tse fofang li jang ho tsona li kenyelletsa likhahla tsa broadleaf, bankxia serrata le mefuta e fapaneng ea lifate tsa eucalyptus tse thunyang. Sireletsa lifate tsa hau tsa litholoana ntle le ho lematsa liphokojoe tse fofang.Se ke oa leka ho sireletsa sefate sa litholoana ho liphokojoe tse fofang ka ho se akhela letlooa. Selemong se seng le se seng, makholo a liphokojoe tse fofang le liphoofolo tse ling tsa naha ea habo tsona lia lemala kapa li bolaoa ka ho ipakela letlooeng. Sebakeng seo, hokela letlooa morerong o hahiloeng ka sepheo mme o le hule joalo ka trampoline. Ntle le moo, o ka lahlela lesela la moriti holim'a sefate sa litholoana.
Le ka mohla u se ke ua sebelisa lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa nylon tse ka lematsang linonyana le liphoofolo tse ling, hammoho le liphokojoe tse fofang, empa u sebelise letlooa le tiileng le lohiloeng le masoba a 40 mm ka bophara kapa ka tlase. Etsa bonnete ba hore letlooa le lesoeu, eseng le le tala, hore liphoofolo li le bone le ho li qoba. Phokojoe efe kapa efe e fofang e fumanoang e le mong motšehare e ka ba mathateng. A ka tsoa likotsi, a kula kapa a ba khutsana. Ho feta moo, liphokojoe tse fofang tse bothateng lipakeng tsa mafelo a Loetse le Pherekhong e ka ba tse tšehali 'me tsa ba le malinyane. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho nka khato hang ha o bona phoofolo.
Se ke oa ama phoofolo u le mong, kaha ho hloka koetliso le boiphihlelo ho sebetsana le phokojoe e fofang e lemetseng. Haeba phoofolo e le fatshe, o ka e kwahela ka lebokose le thibelang motsamao ha o ntse o emetse mopholosi hore a fihle. Phoofolo e leketlileng tlase ha ea lokela ho khathatsoa mme liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le / kapa bana li lokela ho beoa hole ho fihlela phokojoe e fofang e pholosoa.
Phokojoe e fofang ke mofuta o sirelelitsoeng 'me, haeba o tlohelloa o le mong, ha o na kotsi ho batho mme ho ka etsahala hore o se ke oa senya serapa sa hau. Hoo e ka bang halofo ea litholoana tsa mefuta ea liphokojoe tse fofang hajoale li kotsing. Liphokojoe tse fofang li tobane le litšokelo tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa ho rengoa ha meru le mefuta e hlaselang, empa se seholo ke ho tsoma ha batho.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 08/04/2019
Letsatsi la ho nchafatsa: 09/28/2019 ka 21:29
