Loshak Ke phoofolo e tlotsitsoeng e shebahalang joalo ka tonki. Tikolohong ea tlhaho, ha e etsahale, hobane ke litholoana tsa mesebetsi ea khetho ea batho. Liphoofolo li tlase ho litonki le limmoulo ho latela matla a ho sebetsa, ka hona, ha li atisehe haholo. Ho ikatisa ha lipere tse joalo ho etsoa haholo linaheng tsa Asia Bohareng.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Photo: Loshak
Loshak ke sefapano lipakeng tsa stallion le esele e tšehali. Ho ikatisa ha liphoofolo tsena, hammoho le limmoulo, ho qalile ho sebetsoa ka nako e telele e fetileng - morao koana Mehleng e Bohareng. Li-poone tsa pele tsa limmoulo le li-hinn li hlahile Asia Bohareng. Eaba batho ba ithuta kapele ho rua liphoofolo Iran, Egypt.
Motho o ile a loanela ho theha le ho holisa basebetsi. Mosebetsi oa mantlha e ne e le ho fumana liphoofolo tse tla sebetsa hantle le ho mamella. Batho ba Mehla e Bohareng ba ne ba batla ho sebelisa liphoofolo e le basebetsi malapeng kapa e le mokhoa oa lipalangoang. Mosebetsi o mong oa bohlokoa ke bokhoni ba ho felehetsa masole matšolong a malelele, ho tsamaisa eseng feela bapalami ba lipere, empa le libetsa tsohle le junifomo ea masole.
Video: Loshak
Mefuta ea pele ea poone ea liphoofolo e ne e hlokahala haholo har'a lihlopha tsa batho ba hloma-u-hlomole le ba tsamaeang. Tse tšehali li ne li sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa lipalangoang, 'me tse tona li ne li thaothoa ho etsa mosebetsi o boima kapa ho tsamaisa lintho tse boima. Ho nka karolo mosebetsing o boima hangata ho etsahala a le selemo le halofo ho isa ho tse peli.
Kamora moo, ha bahlahisi ba qala ho tsoala limmoulo ka bongata, ba fihletse qeto ea hore liphoofolo tsena li bonolo ho li rua, hobane ha li hloke phepo e nepahetseng, ha li hloke tlhokomelo e khethehileng ebile li thata. Kajeno, 'moulo o ka fumanoa feela linaheng tsa Asia Bohareng, Afrika, libakeng tse ling tsa Amerika. Linaheng tse ngata li sebelisetsoa ho nka karolo lipapatsong tsa lipere tsa mahlale.
Ka lebaka la khetho, batho ba hlahisa mefuta e meraro ea poone e nyalisitsoeng:
- pakete;
- marapo;
- ho palama.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Loshak ka tlhaho
Ka ntle 'moulo o ts'oana hantle le esele. Bophahamo ba 'mele bo omeletseng bo tloha ho lisenthimithara tse 105 ho isa ho tse 160. Boima ba 'mele bo ipapisitse le sehlopha sa liphoofolo: liphoofolo tse ratoang li boima ba lik'hilograma tse 300 ho isa ho tse 500,' me li paka liphoofolo ho tloha ho 280 ho isa ho 400 kilograms. 'Mala oa phoofolo o futsitsoe ka botlalo ho mme. Ho na le likhetho tse ngata tsa 'mala bakeng sa phoofolo. Liphoofolo li ka ba tse bobebe, tse sootho, tse khubelu, tse sootho kapa tse ntšo. Litšobotsi tsa kantle, ho kenyeletsoa bophahamo, li its'etleha haholo holima litšobotsi tsa batsoali ba neng ba sebelisetsoa ho tšela.
Moulo o lula o e-na le litsebe tse khutšoane, tseo a li futsang ho stallion. Ponahalong ea 'moulo, ho na le likarolo tse hopotsang haholo likarolo tsa pere. Sebopeho sa kutu le maoto le matsoho li ts'oana le tsa lipere. Moulo o na le molala o mokgutshwane, o mokgutshwane le hlooho e nyane. 'Mele o matla ebile o tletse. Hoa hlokomeleha hore, joalo ka lipere, 'moulo o na le li-bangs, mane le mohatla o molelele.
Taba e khahlisang: Maemong a mangata, ho sa tsotelehe litšobotsi tsa kantle tsa batsoali, ponahalo ea bofetoheli ba thobalano ke tšobotsi ea poone e nyalisitsoeng. Tsehali li batla li le kholo ka boholo le boima ho feta tse tona.
Moulo o na le litšobotsi tse 'maloa tse ikhethang ho eena feela:
- mola o otlolohileng morao;
- mahlo a bōpehileng joaloka almonde;
- molala o otlolohileng, o mokhutšoanyane le o motenya;
- maoto a makgutshwane a nang le mesifa e holileng le ditlhako tse telele;
- tlase, e ponahalo e kgutshwane.
Moulo o lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Loshak naheng ea Russia
Asia Bohareng ho nkoa e le lehae la nalane ea nalane ea nalane. Kajeno linaha tsa Asia Bohareng e ntse e le sebaka seo mefuta ena ea litonki e sa ntseng e hlokahala.
Li-mules li lula kae ntle le Asia Bohareng:
- Korea;
- sebaka sa Transcarpathia;
- libaka tse ka boroa tsa Europe;
- Linaha tsa Afrika;
- Amerika e Leboea;
- Amerika e Boroa.
Loshakov li bonolo haholo ho li boloka, hobane ha li hloke maemo a polokelo le phepelo ea lijo. Liphoofolo li bolokiloe libakeng tseo batho ba tlamehang ho sebetsa ka thata, ho lema masimo, ho kotula lijalo tse kholo le ho loana nako e telele. Ha li khone ho khutlisetsoa libakeng tse lithaba, moo li sebelisetsoang ho tsamaisa thepa ho tloha ntlheng e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe.
Taba e khahlisang: Molemo oa liphoofolo ke litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa litlhako. Ha ho na tlhoko ea ho lieta lieta, empa leha li se na lieta tsa pere, li feta habonolo lithabeng, haufi le seretse, le litsela tse koahetsoeng ke lehloa.
Ka hare ho kontinenteng ea Afrika, hammoho le sebakeng sa Amerika Boroa le Leboea, li-ungulate li sebelisoa ho tsamaisa libetsa, likulo le junifomo bakeng sa sesole. Linaheng tse ling, ka thuso ea bona, phepelo ea manya ho tsoa merafong le libakeng tseo e li ntšang libakeng tse fapaneng e se e thehiloe.
Ha ho hlokahale maemo a khethehileng ho boloka phoofolo. O hloka feela boroko bo tsitsitseng le bo omileng, hammoho le palo e lekaneng ea metsi le lijo. Hape, bahlahisi ba li-ungulates ba hlokomela hore ho bohlokoa hore ka linako tse ling ba hlatsoe litlhako le ho kopanya moriri le moetse. Haeba 'moulo o na le lijo le metsi a lekaneng, o ka mamella maemo a leholimo le maemo a leholimo habonolo.
Hinny e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Hinny e tšoeu
Mabapi le phepo e nepahetseng, mulete ha e fe beng ba eona mathata a khethehileng. Bahlahisi ba Ungulate ba tla hloka ho fana ka protheine e lekaneng ho aha mesifa e lekaneng.
Se ka sebelisoang e le setsi sa lijo:
- furu;
- bran;
- litholoana tse ncha - liapole;
- meroho;
- meroho - litapole, poone, lihoete;
- lijo-thollo - oats, rye;
- limela tsa linaoa.
Hinterland ke lebasetere la stallion le esele, ka lebaka leo lijo tsa hinny li kopanya likarolo tsa phepo ea esele le pere. Motheo oa lijo ke furu, kapa botala, limela tse ncha, joang. Boima ba joang boo phoofolo e bo hlokang letsatsi le letsatsi bo ipapisitse le boima ba 'mele ba eona kaofela. Ka karolelano, hinnie e le 'ngoe e tla hloka lik'hilograma tse 6-8 tsa furu kapa limela tse tala le lik'hilograma tse 3-3.5 tsa motsoako o leka-lekaneng. Motsoako ona o ka rekoa kapa oa lokisoa ke uena ka ho kopanya meroho, litholoana, poone.
Bakeng sa masea, ho hlokahala bonyane li-kilogram tsa 3-4 tsa furu e khethiloeng kapa joang bo botala letsatsi le leng le le leng. Ka kholo ea phoofolo, butle-butle ho hlokahala ho eketsa palo ea lijo le ho holisa lijo tsa eona. Ho bohlokoa haholo hore phoofolo e fumane metsi a lekaneng letsatsi le letsatsi. Nakong ea mocheso oa lehlabula, tlhoko ea mokelikeli ea eketseha.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Photo: Loshak
Sebopeho sa 'moulo se na le melemo le likotsi. Hangata liphoofolo li futsa manganga le ho se mamele ho 'm'a tsona. Litsebi tsa liphoofolo li pheha khang ea hore ho ke ke ha khoneha ho bolela esale pele hore na ke litšoaneleho life tseo lebasetere le tla li rua ho 'm'a lona, tse tsoang ho ntate oa lona. Hammoho le manganga, khutso, boithibo, kemiso ea nako e telele le mamello e kholo li lula ka ho phethahetseng ho tsona. Liphoofolo tse jereng ka botlalo li ka tsamaea sebaka se selelele - ho fihlela ho li-kilometara tsa 10-13 ntle le ho ema. Litšoaneleho tsena li nkuoa li le bohlokoa haholo har'a baahi ba lihlaba tse phahameng le libakeng tse kantle ho tsela le libaka tse hole le tsoelopele le libaka tsa bolulo.
Lipere li etsa melumo e ts'oanang le motswako oa lipere tse llang le ho lla ha esele. Batho ba bang ba ka ba le lebelo le hlomphehang hammoho le libaka tse telele. Bahlahisi ba Hinny ba nka ho hanela mafu a fapaneng e le monyetla oa bohlokoa, o nolofatsang tlhokomelo ea bona le ho eketsa nako ea bophelo ea liphoofolo. Batho ba bang ba phela lilemo tse 60-70, ha ba ntse ba sebetsa ka botlalo lilemo tse 30-35.
Li-zoologists li khetholla litšobotsi tse latelang tsa 'moulo:
- mamello;
- mamello;
- khutso;
- ho se hloke lijo le tlhokomelo;
- karolo.
Haeba mong'a serapa a hlokomela phoofolo hantle, o itlama ka eona kapele mme o arabela ka mamello le kutlo. Li-zoologists li re ho molemo ho isa liphoofolo bakeng sa thuto ho tloha bonyenyaneng. Kahoo ho bonolo hore ba ikamahanye le ho tloaela maemo a macha a botlamuoa, kamano e haufi le motho.
Ho kgothaletswa ho hohela liphoofolo ho etsa mosebetsi o boima pejana ho lilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse tharo le halofo. Kamora selemo le halofo, ba tla khona ho ikamahanya le maemo mme o ka eketsa mojaro butle-butle.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Photo: Limmoulo tse peli
E 'ngoe ea likotsi tse totobetseng ka ho fetesisa tsa limmoulo ke ho hloka matla. Liphoofolo li holisoa ka ho tšela lipere tse phahameng ka litonki. Ho ea ka lipalo-palo, banna bohle ba tsoaloang ka tsela ena ha ba khone ho hlahisa bana. Har'a tse tšehali ho ka ba le batho ba nang le bokhoni ba ho hlahisa bana. Ho haella hona ho hlalosoa ho latela pono ea mahlale ka sete e itseng ea chromosome.
Taba e khahlisang: Bo-rasaense ba atlehile ho tiisa hore tse tšehali tse sa khoneng ho emola bana li ka sebelisoa joalo ka bo-mme, e leng ho jara malinyane kamora ho emisoa. Karolo ena e sebelisoa ke bahlahisi ho hlahisa bana ho tsoa mefuteng e sa tloaelehang, e ikhethang ea lipere.
Ka lebaka la hore banna ha ba na thari, ba a faoloa ha ba fihla lilemong tse peli. Lipetsana tse sa tsoa tsoaloa ha li hloke tsebo le tsebo e khethehileng. U hloka ho li hlokomela ka tsela e ts'oanang le ea lipetsana tse nyane. Ha u khetha sebaka sa ho boloka malinyane, ho lokela ho hopoloa hore li ela hloko serame le meralo. Haeba masea a hlahile nakong e batang, a hloka ho bolokoa ka har'a aviary e koetsoeng. Bakoetsana ba ka isoa moeeng o bulehileng, empa ha baa lokela ho ba teng ho feta lihora tse 2,5-3 ka letsatsi.
Ha lehlabula le qala, liphoofolo li lokela ho ba kantle ka nako e telele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ba phoofolo ke lilemo tse 35-40. Ha e bolokoa maemong a matle ebile e fuoa tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, bolelele ba nako ea bophelo bo eketseha ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 50-60.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa limmoulo
Setšoantšo: Loshak ka tlhaho
Loshak ke phoofolo e bolokiloeng ka tlung feela. Ka lebaka leo, ha a na lira tsa tlhaho. Ka lebaka la boits'ireletso bo phehellang, o kula ka seoelo, ka hona, ha ho na mafu a ikhethileng liphoofolong.
Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tsa liphoofolo li ntse li hlalosa mathata a mangata le litšokelo bophelong le bophelo ba liphoofolo. Achondroplasia e fella ka phetoho ea lesea le ka popelong. Matšoao a phetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso le mafu ho masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa ke molomo o khutsufalitsoeng, maoto le matsoho a makhutšoane a amanang le 'mele le mmele o mokhutšoane haholo.
Liphoofolo tsena ha li khetholloe ke maloetse a tsoang ka mpeng, litlhako le maloetse. Nalane eohle ea boteng ba limmoulo, maloetse ana ha a so ka a ngolisoa.
Ho na le mafu a 'maloa ao ka linako tse ling a ka hlahang liphoofolong tsena:
- avitaminosis... E etsahala ka phepo e nepahetseng, e sa lokang kapa e sa leka-lekanang. E iponahatsa ka botsoa, ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng, ho lahleheloa ke moriri.
- epizootic lymphangitis... Lefu le tšoaetsanoang le bakoang ke cryptococcus.
- LITSELA... Lefu le tšoaetsanoang le bakoang ke libaktheria tse itseng. Haeba hinny e fumanoa e na le bolwetse bona, e a matlafatsoa, hobane e kotsi eseng ho liphoofolo tse ling feela, empa le ho batho.
- lefu la ho tsoala... Sesosa sa causative ke trypanosome. 'Mele oa liphoofolo o koahetsoe ke li-crust tse teteaneng, litho tsa botona kapa botšehali lia eketseha' me li ba tenya, maemong a boima, ho holofala ha halofo eohle e ka morao ea 'mele.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Photo: Loshak
Haufinyane, botumo le tlhoko ea mefuta ena e nyalisitsoeng li theoha ka potlako. Sena se bakoa ke tsoelo-pele ea tekheniki le ho hlaha ha palo e kholo ea mechini ea temo. Ho ea ka likhakanyo tsa litsebi tsa liphoofolo, kajeno mehlape ea limmoulo e ka ba 4,000,000 - 5,000,000. Lefatšeng la sejoale-joale, liphoofolo tsena ha li batloe haholo, hobane batho ba bangata ba tloaetse ho li nkela lisebelisoa tse ikhethang. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le libaka moo e lulang e le bathusi ba bohlokoa. Amerika, lihoai tse ikemetseng li holisa liphoofolo tsena ka jareteng ea tsona 'me li li sebelisa e le mosebetsi.
Linaheng tse ling, li hlahisoa ka ho khetheha bakeng sa tlhophiso ea litlholisano tsa lipapali, merabe. Li bonolo ho li koetlisa. Mokhelo o ntse o sebetsa le litšitiso, kaha ha li khone ho tlola litšitiso tse bolelele bo fapaneng.
Litsebi tsa liphoofolo li hlokomela hore linaha tsa Asia Bohareng, Afrika le Amerika e ntse e le tsona tse etelletseng pele ka ho ikatisa le palo ea batho bana ba sa tšepahaleng. Kajeno, batho ba Europe ha ba tsoale phoofolo ena. Palo ea batho ka bomong e its'etleha ka botlalo ho motho le tlhoko ea ho iketsa mulete.
Loshak, joalo ka mulete, ke phoofolo e khutsitseng haholo, e nang le mamello hape e sebetsang ka thata. Haeba a qala ho hloka maikutlo, kapa ho ba manganga, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe likarolo tsa ho hlokomela phoofolo, mohlomong ho ntlafatsa phepo.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 04/19/2020
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 18.02.2020 ka 19:06
