Ka 2017, bahlahisi ba litlhapi ba Russia ba ile ba tšoasa lithane tse limilione tse 4 322 tse likete tsa mehloli ea tlhaho ea metsing. Ho tšoasoa ho ne ho akaretsoa ka leboea, Azov-Black Sea, libaka tsa Caspian, Leoatle la Baltic le libaka tsa Angola, Morocco.
Russia e na le libaka tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi haufi le linaha tsena. Ho bohlokoa ho tseba mehloli ea tlhaho ea metsing, ka puo ea tšoantšetso, ka seqo.
Ke litlhapi tsa mofuta ofe tse nkoang e le tsa khoebo
Litlhapi tsa khoebo ke ntho eo ba e tšoasitseng. Sena e ka ba ho ts'oasa lihlapi bakeng sa ho ja liphoofolo kapa ho nontša, ho etsa mafura, liaparo le mekotla.
Batho ba leboea, mohlala, ba etsa liaparo, mekotla, lieta ka letlalo la baahi ba metsi. Hoo e batlang e le moeti e mong le e mong ea amohelang baeti libakeng tsa Evenk o khona ho etsa mesebetsi ea matsoho ka litlhapi.
Mantsiboea a ikamahanya le maemo ho iketsetsa liaparo ka letlalo la tlhapi
Litlhapi tse tšoasoang ke likhoebo tse rekisoang ka bongata li nkoa hape e le tsa khoebo. Lisebelisoa tsa litlhapi li sebelisetsoa ho etsa meriana, menontsha e tšoanang le mafura a tekheniki.
Lijo tse ling tse fanoang ke baahi ba metsi ha li lebelloe. Ka mohlala, liperela tsa maiketsetso li entsoe ka sekala.
Hoa etsahala hore ha ho na palo e tlase ea ho tšoasa litlhapi. Haeba tlhapi e sa khahliseng bo-rakhoebo e kotuloa ka tatellano e le 'ngoe, mofuta ona o nkuoa hape e le oa khoebo.
Boemo bo holimo ba ho ts'oasa bo beoa ke mmuso selemo le selemo, bo ama likhoebo tse ikhethileng. Ba thahasella litlhapi tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebohobane ho e rekisa hoa sebetsa. Hape ho hlokahala:
- tlhokeho mebarakeng ea lapeng kapa kantle ho naha
- mokhoa oa ho phela oa litlhapi sekolong, kapa boholo ba tsona bo khahlisang
- fihlella batšoasi ba litlhapi ka tikoloho
Kahoo, ha ho na phaello, ho sebetsa ka thata, 'me ka linako tse ling ho ke ke ha khoneha ho hlophisa ho ts'oaroa ha mefuta ea benthic e phelang botebong ba limithara tse likete mme e sa nyolohele holimo.
Litlhapi tse nyolohelang holimo kapa tse phelang botebong lia tšoasoa. Sena ha se lokafatse litšenyehelo tsa ho hlophisa lihlapi.
Haeba litlhapi tse nyane tsa khoebo e khahlisa bo-rakhoebo feela ka mokhoa oa bophelo oa sekolo, joale linatla tsa metsi le tsona li ts'oaroa ka boinotšing. ka hona litlhapi tse kholo tsa khoebo Molemo le ha ho ka ba le lintlha tse ikhethang tsa ho ts'oaroa.
Ha ho tsejoe feela hore ke tsa khoebo, empa le mefuta ea linoka le matša. Ba ka:
- E fumane naheng.
- Ho ikatisa mapolasing a litlhapi.
Ho hola ka bongata tlasa maemo a maiketsetso ho lumella ho boloka palo e tsitsitseng ea baahi ba bohlokoa. Sena se etsahala, ka mohlala, ka li-sprats.
Ka 2017, ba ile ba rafshoa ka beseng ea Azov-Black Sea ka lithane tse likete tse 12 tse tlase ho feta ka 2016. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, keketseho e tlalehiloe bakeng sa mefuta e meng ea khoebo selemong se fetileng.
Litlhapi tsa tlhapi
Palo ea litlhapi tse lefatšeng ke mefuta e likete tse 20. Tsena tsa morao-rao li kenyelletsa mefuta e lulang boholo ba nako metsing a mang a metsi, ebe e ea ho tse ling.
Litlhapi tsa tlhapi 'me e phela e bile e tsoala metsing a letsoai. Mefuta e arotsoe:
- ho pelagic tse lulang karolong e kaholimo ea maoatle
- tlase
- le tlase
Mekhoa ea ho qetela e kenyelletsa, ka mohlala, ho fokola. Litlhapi tse khubelu li khomarela kaholimo.
E entsoe ka tšepe litlhapi tsa khoebo tsa leoatle mefuta e mehlano ea ho tšoasa litlhapi:
1. Ka thuso ea eona, batšoasi ba litlhapi ba tseba libaka tseo litlhapi li ka bokellanang ho tsona, ba khetholla khoebo ho eo e seng ea khoebo.
2. Hangata litšepe li akheloa lebopong kapa eseng hole le lona.
3. Ema hanyane lihora tse 'maloa ebe u ntša setshelo se tletse ka Fry.
4. Ke hore, mochini o le mong o ka phahamisetsa litlhapi tse 150 ka sekepeng.
5. Tšusumetso e kotsi ea marang-rang le maraba ha e kenyelelloe haeba e lahlehile.
Marine, joalo ka mefuta e meng, e arotsoe kahare malapa a litlhapi tse rekisoang... Sena se nolofalletsa ho tšoara ka hlooho bophelo ba metsing, tlhophiso ea bona.
Mabitso le mefuta ea litlhapi tse rekisoang
Sturgeon
Litlhapi tsa lelapa ha li na sekala ebile li relic. Sebakeng seo, ho na le chord - mofuta oa khoele ea lefufuru.
Stellgeon ea linaleli
O bitsoa 'mè oa li-sturgeon. Bolelele ba sturate sturgeon bo fihla ho limithara tse 3-4, e le boima ba lik'hilograma tse mashome.
Palo ea sturateon ea sturgeon e nyenyefatsoa ke minnows. Li-stellate sturate tsona li iphepa ka liboko tsa menoang, li-crustaceans le benthos. Litlhapi tse ling li jeoa ke liphoofolo tse rekisoang hape ha lijo tsa mantlha li haella.
Beluga
Tlhapi e kholo ka ho fetisisa e fumanoang linokeng, e fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 6 mme e boima ba lik'hilograma tse likete tse 2,5. Lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, li-belugas tse boima ba lik'hilograma tse fetang 300 ha li tšoaroe hangata.
Beluga e fumanoa Leoatleng la Caspian le Black Sea, e sesa ka Danube le linoka tsa Ural.
Serurgeon sa Russia le sa Siberia
Mefuta ea Russia e lula Leoatleng la Azov. Matamo le liteishene tsa motlakase o fehlang motlakase li entse hore ho be thata hore litlhapi, haholo-holo tse kholo, li falle.
Sturgeon ea Siberia ke tlhapi ea noka. Batho ka bomong ba banyenyane ho feta Marussia, ba hola ho fihla ho 2 metres ka bolelele, ba fumana boima ba 200-kilogram.
Spike
Ke phello ea ho tšela beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon. Sena se thatafatsa tlhophiso ea lireliki.
Litlhapi li ile tsa reoa lebitso la tsona ka lebaka la mokokotlo o bōpehileng joaloka khoune o mathang ka morao. Phoofolo e boetse e khetholloa ho li-sturgeon tse ling ka manakana a molomong o ka tlase.
Salemone
Li-salmonids li na le nonyana ea adipose haufi le mohatla oa tsona. Ho lekane ho re ho na le litlhapi tse khubelu le tse tšoeu har'a baemeli ba lelapa.
Litlhapi tsa Caspian le Baltic
Mefuta ea Caspian e lula mabopong a bophirima a Leoatle la Caspian. Litlhapi tsa Baltic li lula Leoatleng le Letšo le la Aral.
Caspian saalmon e ka ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 51, empa hangata boima ba litlhapi ke 10-13 kilos. Litlhapi tsa Baltic li batla li le kholoanyane.
Salemone
Lebopong la Leoatle le tšoeu, e bitsoa feela litlhapi. Ha ba lula ka leboea, palo ea litlhapi tsa salmon e ne e le kholo mona hoo ho ileng ha tšoasoa litlhapi tse khubelu feela. Salmone e ile ea fepa bajaki, ea ba lumella ho lula libakeng tse thata.
Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore tlhapi ea salmon e nka monko oa noka ea habo bona, bohole ba lik'hilomithara tse 800. Litlhapi tsa salmon li kena linōkeng bakeng sa ho hlahisa.
Salmon ea Chinook
E latsoa joaloka salemone, empa ha e na mafura haholo. Ho Oregano le Alaska, litlhapi li bile li nkuoa e le lets'oao la naha.
Chinook saalmon e boetse e fumaneha Russia. Ka hona, ka linako tse ling phoofolo e bitsoa tlhapi ea borena.
Chum
Litlhapi tse khubelu, 5% e entsoe ka mafura a amino acid. Ka hona, litsebi tsa phepo e nepahetseng li eletsa ho odara lijana le chum meketjaneng.
Joalo ka salmon e pinki, salmon ea chum e shoa kamora ho tsoala. Ka linako tse ling batho ba ikemiselitse ho ikatisa feela ha ba le lilemo li 7-10.
Salmone e pinki
Har'a salemone, salmon e pinki ke manganga ka ho fetisisa ebile ha a na sekoli sepakapakeng. Sena se bapala matsohong a litsomi tse tšoasang salmon e pinki nakong ea moferefere.
Ha e le ka leoatleng, salmon e pinki e na le bohlooho ebile ha e sa ts'oaroa. 'Mele o nka' mala o bofubelu bo sootho 'me o fetoha linokeng, ke hore, pele o hlaha.
Salmone e khubelu
Nakong ea ho hlahisa, e ba khubelu e khanyang. Li-anglers tse se nang boiphihlelo li ferekanya mofuta ona.
Salmon ea Sockeye ke tlhapi e boholo bo mahareng. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba hola ho fihla ho lisenthimithara tse fetang 80, ba fumana boima ba lik'hilograma tse 4.
Li-salmon tse khubelu li fetoha bofubelu nakong ea ho hlahisa
Coho
Ha se bohlooho feela, empa ke sheen e entsoeng ka tšepe. E hola ho fihla ho mithara e telele, e leng boima ba dikhilograma tse 15.
Marussia a bitsa coho salmon eseng silevera, empa a bitsa salmon e tšoeu. Nama ea tlhapi e khubelu.
Coho salmon e boetse e bitsoa salmon ea silevera
Nelma
Ke letšoao la ichthyofauna ea Siberia. Ka hona, litlhapi li tsepamisa mohopolo melomong ea linoka tse phallelang leoatleng.
Nelma ha a sese ho ea bophirima ho feta Leoatle le Lefubelu. Litlhapi li khubelu ebile li kholo, li fihla ho mithara le halofo ka bolelele, li fumana boima ba lik'hilograma tse 50.
Litlhapi tse tšoeu
E bula lenane la li-salmonid tse nang le nama e tšoeu. Sena se etsa hore tlhophiso ea mefuta e ferekane.
Whitefish e telele, e tlase, e telele, empa ha e na meno kamehla. Ke kamoo baemeli ba genus ba fapaneng le li-salmonid tse ling.
Omul
E kenyelelitsoe ho litlhapi tse ka sehloohong tsa khoebo Letša la Baikal. Ho boetse ho na le European omul. Har'a baemeli ba Europe ba mofuta ona, batho ba 4-5 lik'hilograma ba atile haholo.
Omul o na le nama e bonolo, e mafura le e tšoeu. Non e tletse mafura a mafura le livithamini.
Trout
Mofuta ona o kenyelletsa li-subspecies tse 19 tsa salmon. Litlhapi tse ling tsa noka li fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 50.
Litlhapi tsohle li matla ebile li mafolofolo ho sa tsotelehe boemo ba leholimo. Tse ling tsa tsona li fefoloa ke moea oa limela tsa lebopong.
Nyenya
Litlhapi tsa salmon ea khoebo e nang le nama e tšoeu e nkgang joaloka likomkomere tse sa tsoa khuoa. Bakeng sa sena, smelt e ile ea reoa lebitso la batho ke likomkomere. Litlhapi ha li tsamaee hole le tsona.
Smallmouth, Asia le European smelt li tšoasoa Russia. eona mefuta ea litlhapi tsa khoebohangata e rafshoa ke bo-rakhoebo. Ka lebaka la boholo ba monko o monate, bahoebi ba ikemetseng ba khetha ho tšoasa baahi ba kholoanyane ba metsi.
Carp
Li-cyprinids tsohle li na le 'mele e melelele. Boholo ba litho tsa lelapa li tiile, li phela ka 'mele o futsanehileng oa oksijene, o nang le leqhoa.
Carp
Litlhapi ke metsi a hloekileng, empa li khona ho sesa libakeng tse mabopong a leoatle a letsoai tsa Azov le Caspian. Carp e khetha libaka tse koahetsoeng ke bolele le joang bo nang le phallo e liehang.
'Mele oa carp o koahetsoe ka sekala se seholo le se thata. Letšoao le leng le khethollang ke lipara tse peli tsa manakana molomong o kaholimo oa phoofolo.
Carp
E fepa joaloka likolobe-moru. Lebelo la boima ba 'mele ka carp ruri le ka bapisoa le kholo ea likolobe,' me nama ea tlhapi e mafura.
Lebitso la mofuta ona le tsoa lentsoeng la Segerike "karpos", le bolelang "litholoana". E tshehadi e behela mahe a ka bang limilione tse 1.5.
Bream
E na le maikutlo a ho sebetsana le khanyetso. U ka tšoasa bream u sebelisa lijo-thollo, joang le seite se phelang.
Ho fapana le li-cyprinids tse ngata, bream e ela hloko phepelo ea oksijene ka metsing. Ho na le monyetla oa ho ts'oasa bream e kholo, hangata ho lula tlase.
Asp
Har'a li-cyprinids, ke sebata se tsebahalang, empa batho ka bomong ba qhalakane ho pholletsa le letamo, le thatafatsang tlhahiso ea indasteri ea mofuta ona.
Asp e fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 90, e fumana boima ba lik'hilograma tse 7.
Roach
Moferefere ha o hlokolosi haholo, o ka ts'oaroa ka ts'ebetso efe kapa efe ntle le ho khetha sefi. Boima bo tloaelehileng ba roach ke ligrama tse 400.
Roach e rata linoka tse fetang le matangoana ka metsi a monyebe. Mekhoa ena e ferekanngoa ke joang, likhohlo le bolele.
Vobla
E rafshoa ka beisine ea Caspian. Ka sebopeho se omisitsoeng, vobla e nkuoa e le sejo se monate sa biri, ka hona e ts'oaroa ka bongata.
Mariha, vobla e koahetsoe ke mamina a teteaneng. Batla mofuthu, carp hulohela mabopong a matamo.
Herring
Mokokotlo oa herring o lula o le lefifi, 'me mpa e boreleli. Lephegwana le le tee le a bonala ka morago ga hlapi, gomme mosela o na le notch.
Fafatsa
Ka mpeng ea sprat ho na le sekala se kang meutloa. Ntle le moo, keel e eketsa phallo ho phoofolo, e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea eona.
Ka karolelano bolelele ba sprat ke lisenthimithara tse 10. Lekholong la bo19 la lilemo, sprat e ne e sa jeoe lebopong la England, empa e ne e romeloa ho ea nosetsa masimo, ka hona ho ile ha ba le litlhapi tse ngata.
Litlhapi tsa sardine
Ka lekhetlo la pele, ho tšoasa ho hoholo ha mofuta ona ho qalile haufi le sehlekehleke sa Sardinia. Bolelele, e fihla ho 25 cm.
E fapane le li-sardine tse ling tsa herring ka sekala sa pterygoid pheletsong ea pheletso ea maqhubu le mahlaseli a phatsimang a semela sa anal.
Tulle
Ena ke herring e nyane. Letamo lena le lithaba, hoa bata.
Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea tulka e lula leoatleng la Caspian, Azov le Black.
Hring ea Atlantic, Pacific, Baltic le Azov-Black Sea
Herring e tsejoa e le litlhapi tse ngata ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Litlhapi tsa leboea fihla bolelele ba 40 disentimitara.
Ho tloha khale, litlama li tloaetse ho falla. Mohlomong kajeno e bitsoang litlhapi tsa Caspian, Azov le Black Sea li tla fetola mabitso a tsona lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng.
Cod
Maphegwana a hlapi a ka gare ga letlalo a hwetšwa kgauswi le goba pele ga maphegwana a pelvic. E na le 1 ea mokokotlo oa anal le 2 feela ea mokokotlo.
Haddock
O lula seterekeng sa Leoatle la Arctic. Bolelele, batho ba bang ba fihla ho 75 cm, ha ba le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 4.
Mokokotlo o lefifi oa haddock o khanya ka lilac. Mpa ke ea molumo oa phoofolo ea lebese. Ho na le matheba a lefifi ka mahlakoreng a hlooho.
Navaga
E totobetse har'a litlhapi tsa cod bakeng sa sebopeho sa eona se ruileng, e na le thuso e ntle bakeng sa bophelo bo botle, empa e le ncha feela. Ha e fafatsa, navaga e lahleheloa ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa le li-vithamine.
Bolelele ba navaga ke lisenthimithara tse 40. Ka ntle le ka bohlokoa bo ts'oana le pollock.
Burbot
E le 'ngoe feela ea codfish e lula metsing a hloekileng. E tšoaroa ka likotlolo tsa Leoatle le Letšo, la Caspian, la Baltic le la White.
Har'a linoka tsa Siberia, li-burbots li khethile Yenisei le Selenga.
Cod
O phela metsing a batang. Li nkoa e le limenyemenye.
Hangata cod e boleloa ha ho buisanoa ka eona mabitso a litlhapi tse rekisoang... Kahoo lebitso la phoofolo.
Mackerel
Mackerel ea leoatle le letšo
E na le 'mala oa brindle, o petelitsoe hamorao, o bolelele. Nama ea Mackerel e na le mafura a mangata a amino acid. Bolelele ba bolelele ba batho ba Leoatle le Letšo ke lisenthimithara tse 50.
Ka bolelele ba halofo ea mithara, mackerel e boima ba ligrama tse 400. Batho ka bomong ba kena likolong tse likete, e leng ho nolofalletsang batšoasi ba litlhapi ho tšoasa.
Mackerel ea Atlantic
E nonne ebile e kholo ho feta Leoatle le Letšo. Baemeli ba mefuta e ka leboea ba otlolla lisenthimithara tse 60, ba fumana boima ba lik'hilograma tse 1,6.
Mackerels ba hula ka bongata. Haeba mackerel e kholo e tšoaroa, litlhapi tse latelang e tla ba mohope.
