Rephabliki ea Turkey e fumaneha Asia Bophirima le Balkan. Karolo ea Europe e etsa hoo e ka bang 3% ea sebaka seo, karolo e setseng ea 97% ke Caucasus le Middle East. Turkey e lutse mateanong a Europe le Asia 'me e equidistant ho tloha equator le North Pole.
Turkey ke naha e lithaba. Karolo e kholo ea sebaka sa eona ke Lithaba tse Nyane tsa Asia. Turkey e fumaneha ka karolelano ea limithara tse 1000 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Bokaholimo ba Thaba e Kholo ea Ararate bo fihla ho limithara tse 5165. Ha ho na libaka tse fumanehang ka tlasa bophahamo ba leoatle naheng. Ho na le mabalane a mabalane a amanang le mabopo a leoatle le melomo ea linoka.
Leoatle la Mediterranean, Leoatle le Letšo le bongata ba lithaba bo ama maemo a leholimo a naha. Karolong e bohareng ke kontinenteng, e nang le ponahalo ea semelo se lithaba: phapang e hlokomelehang lithemparetjha tsa letsatsi le letsatsi le tsa selemo.
Libaka tse lebopong la Leoatle le Letšo li na le maemo a leholimo a bonolo a leoatle a nang le pula e ngata haholo. Maemo a chesang le a mongobo a atleha mabopong a Mediterranean, a sirelelitsoeng ke lithaba. Ho fapana ha maemo a leholimo le sebopeho sa naha ho hlahisitse liphoofolo tse nang le polymorphic.
Dinyantshi tsa Turkey
Turkey e na le mefuta e 160 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa morung, masimong le lihoatateng. Tsena ke baemeli ba tloaelehileng ba meru e sirelelitsoeng ea Europe, masabasaba a Asia le lithaba, mahoatata a mahoatateng a Afrika. Har'a tsona ke cosmopolitans - mefuta e tloaelehileng linaheng tse ngata. Empa ho na le liphoofolo tse 'maloa tseo naha ea habo tsona e leng Transcaucasus le libaka tsa Asia Bochabela, ke hore, Turkey.
Phiri e tloaelehileng
Liphiri ke liphoofolo tse jang nama tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lelapeng le leholo la Canidae. Liphiri tsa Turkey li boima ba lik'hilograma tse 40. Basali ba bobebe ka 10% ho feta banna. Liphiri ke liphoofolo tse ratang botsoalle tse nang le likamano tse sebetsang hantle sechabeng. Tsena ke tsona tse ngata ka ho fetisisa liphoofolo tse kotsi tsa Turkey... Li atleha ho ba teng libakeng tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho. E fumanoa masabasabeng a Central Anatolia le merung e morung ea Lithaba tsa Pontine.
Karolong e ka leboea-bochabela ho Turkey ho fumanoa phiri ea Caucasus. Ka ntle, subspecies ena e fapana hanyane le ea tloaelehileng, ea bohlooho. Boima le litekanyo li batla li lekana, baki e lerootho ebile e boreleli. E ka phela bophahamong bo fihlang ho limithara tse likete tse 3,5.
Phokojoe ea Asia
Phoofolo ena e jang liphoofolo hangata e bitsoa phiri ea khauta. Phokojoe ke ea lelapa le tšoanang le phiri - Canidae. Naheng ea Turkey, mefuta e mengata ea Canis aureus maeoticus e atile haholo. Phokojoe e bobebe ho feta phiri ka makhetlo a 'maloa: boima ba eona ha bo fete lik'hilograma tse 10.
Ha e pona, kholo ea phoofolo e ka tlase ho limithara tse 0,5. Ka lebaka la maoto a eona a batlang a le malelele, e bonahala e le setsomi se fokolang, se lebelo haholo. Seaparo sena se putsoa ka ho tlatselletsa ha moriti o mosehla, safrone, mebala ea koae.
Phokojoe ke phoofolo e tloaelehileng Europe Boroa, Balkan, Asia Bophirima le Bohareng. O fetola sebaka sa bolulo kapele, o falla habonolo ho ea batla libaka tse ntle tsa phepo.
E khetha libaka tsa masimo le masimo a lehlaka likhohlong tsa likhohola, ka linako tse ling li hloa lithaba, empa ha li fete limithara tse likete tse 2,5. E ikamahanya le maemo a naha e sa tloaelehang, e etela litšila tse haufi le litoropo. Nyane liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng dihloho tsa phokojwe.
Phokojoe e tloaelehileng
Mofuta oa liphokojoe o kenyelletsa mefuta e 11. Mefuta e meholo ka ho fetisisa e fumaneha ho pholletsa le Turkey, ntle le lihlabeng - ke phokojoe e khubelu kapa phokojoe e khubelu, lebitso la sistimi: Vulpes vulpes. Boima ba eona bo fihla ho 10 kg, bolelele bo ka otlolla ka 1 m.
Mmala o tloaelehileng ke mokokotlo o mofubelu, o bobebe, o batlang o le mosoeu, karolo ea moea le marapo a lefifi. Lithabeng tse ka leboea ho Turkey, ho na le liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang tse bosootho bo botšo le liphokojoe tsa melanistic.
Caracal
Ka nako e telele, sebata sena se ne se nkuoa e le mofuta oa lynx. Hona joale e theha mofuta o arohaneng oa Caracal caracal. Lebitso la mofuta ona le tsoa lentsoeng la Seturkic "kara-kylak" - tsebe e lefifi. Caracal ke katse e kholo, e ka ba boima ba 10-15 kg, mehlala e meng e fihla ho 20 kg. Boea ba phoofolo bo botenya, ha bo bolelele, bo mebala ka lehlabathe le bosootho bo bosehla.
E ajoa ho pholletsa le Asia Minor le Asia Bohareng, Arabia le kontinenteng ea Afrika. Turkey, e fumaneha masabasabeng le mahoatateng a sebaka sa Central Anatolian. E tsoma litoeba bosiu: li-gerbils, li-jerboas, li-gopher tse qhalaneng. E ka hlasela likhoho, koetela likonyana le lipoli.
Katse ea morung
Sebata sena se tsebahalang se bitsoa "swamp lynx". E khetha mofero oa lihlahla le lehlaka liphuleng tsa linoka, mabopong a mabalane a matša le maoatle. E nyane ho feta lynx efe kapa efe, empa e kholo ho feta katse e ruuoang lapeng. E boima ba lik'hilograma tse 10-12. E hola ka bolelele ho fihla ho 0,6 m.
Naheng ea Turkey, e fumaneha likhohlong tsa Eufrate, Kura, Araks, karolong e tlase ea lebopo la Leoatle le Letšo. Ho tsoa mofero oa lihlahla le lehlaka, ha e batla phofu, hangata e kena masimong a haufi, empa ha e nyolohele kaholimo ho 800 m ho ea lithabeng.
Lengau
Lijo tsa liphoofolo liphoofolo tsa Turkey kenyeletsa mefuta e sa tloaelehang haholo - lengau la Caucasus kapa lengau la Asia. Sebatana se seholo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa libaka tsena: bophahamo ba ho pona bo fihla ho 75 cm, boima bo haufi le 70 kg. E etsahala ka bochabela ho lihlaba tsa Armenia moeling oa Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia. Palo ea mangau a Caucasus Turkey ke li-unit.
Mongoose oa Baegepeta
Hangata e bonoa ka boroa-bochabela ho Turkey libakeng tsa Sanliurfa, Mardin le Sirnak. E ka fumanoa liprofinseng tse ling tsa Boroa-bochabela ho Anatolia. Phoofolo ena ke ea lelapa la mongoose, ke setho se hōle sa feline.
Mongoose ke phoofolo e jang tse ling tse jang litoeba tse nyenyane le tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo. E fetohile hore e lule sebakeng sa masimo, empa e ka phela morung. Ha e tšabe libaka tsa anthropomorphic.
Cunyi
Mustelidae kapa Mustelidae ke lelapa la liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse ipabolang tse ikamahantseng le bophelo ho tsohle, ntle le libaka tsa polar. Turkey, bakeng sa nala ea li-mustelids, ho na le libaka tse loketseng tsa naha le lisebelisoa tsa lijo: litoeba, lihahabi tse nyane, likokoanyana. E tloaelehileng ho feta tse ling:
- Otter ke sebatana se setle se qetang boholo ba bophelo ba sona se le ka metsing. 'Mele o otlolohileng oa otter o ka fihla ho 1 m, boima ba eona bo fihla ho 9-10 kg. Bakeng sa bophelo, otter e khetha linoka tsa morung, empa e ka tsoma le ho tsoala haufi le mabopo a matša le maoatle.
- Stone marten - boima ba sebata sena ha bo fete 2 kg, bolelele ba mmele ke 50 cm, mohatla ha o fete cm 30. Ke marten feela e ikemiselitseng ho phela haufi le batho.
- Marten - e khetha mofero oa meru. Turkey, moeli oa eona o fella moeling o kaholimo oa meru ea li-coniferous. Ho fapana le marten ea lejoe, e tloha libakeng tseo motho a hlahang ho tsona mme a etsa mesebetsi ea moruo.
- Ermine ke sebatana se senyenyane se boima ba ho tloha ho 80 ho isa ho 250 g.
- Weasel ke moemeli e monyane ho fetisisa oa weasel. Boima ba basali ha bo fihle ho 100 g. Nako ea bona ea bophelo ha e atise ho feta lilemo tse 3. Ho hlaha ha kolone e nyane ea li-weasel ho tiisa ho felisoa ha litoeba sebakeng seo.
- Bandege ke sebatana se boima ho tloha ho 400 ho isa ho 700 g. E lula masabasabeng le mahoatateng a Leoatle le Letšo le libaka tsa Central Anatolian. Karolo e ka morao ea 'mele e' mala o sootho, e mebala le matheba bosehla le metopa. Bokatlase bo dailoe bosootho. Liaparo li na le molamu o motšo le o mosoeu le litsebe tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa weasel.
Likhama tse hlomphehang
E ntle ka ho fetisisa likhama, e ka ithorisang liphoofolo tsa Turkey Ke likhama tse khubelu kapa likhama tse khubelu. E lula ho pholletsa le Turkey, ntle le libaka tse haufi le lebopo la Mediterranean.
Ho na le pherekano lipakeng tsa litsebi tsa baeloji le ho reha khama. Mofuta o lulang Turkey o bitsoa ka tsela e fapaneng: Caspian, likhama tsa Caucasus, likhama tse khubelu kapa likhama tse khubelu. Lebitso la ona ke Cervus elaphus maral.
Doe
Khama e tšehali ke artiodactyl e ntle, ea lelapa la likhama. Likhama tse oelang li nyane ho feta likhama: bophahamo ba ho pona ha banna ha bo fete mithara e le 'ngoe,' me boima ba eona ke 100 kg. Tse tshehadi di bobebe ka 10-15% ebile di nyane ho feta tse tona. Joalo ka likhama tse ling, likhama tse jang masapo ke lintho tse busolisang mme motheo oa lenane la tsona ke joang le makhasi.
Roe
Phoofolo e nyane e nang le khōla e arohaneng, ke ea lelapa la likhama. Ha e pona, bophahamo bo ka ba limithara tse 0,7. Boima ha bo fete lik'hilograma tse 32. Likhama tsa likhama li lula kae kapa kae moo li ka fepeloang.
Asia Bophirimela, naheng ea Turkey ea sejoale-joale, likhama tsa likhama li hlahile nakong ea Pliocene, lilemong tse limilione tse 2,5 tse fetileng. Mekhoa ea ho ja le libaka tseo u li ratang li tšoana le likhama tsohle.
Dinyantshi tsa lewatleng
Li-dolphin li ngata maoatleng a potileng Turkey. Liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang li na le litšoaneleho tse 'maloa tse ikhethang: boko bo tsoetseng pele, boemo bo phahameng ba botsoalle, sistimi e tsoetseng pele ea ho paka, le litšoaneleho tse ikhethang tsa hydrodynamic. Haufi le lebopo la Turkey, mefuta e meraro e fumaneha khafetsa:
- Dolphin e putswa ke phoofolo e bolelele ba limithara tse 3-4 'me e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 500. E hlaha lebopong la Mediterranean la Turkey.
- Dolphin e tloaelehileng kapa dolphin e tloaelehileng. Bolelele ha bo fete limithara tse 2,5. Boima ha bo bapisoa le dolphin e bohlooho bo nyane - e ka ba 60-80 kg.
- Bottlenose dolphin ke phoofolo ea leoatleng e bolelele ba limithara tse tharo, e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 300. E fumaneha hohle maoatleng a lefatše, ho kenyeletsoa le Leoatle le Letšo le la Mediterranean.
Bats le bo-'mankhane
Liphoofolo tsena li na le litšobotsi tse tharo: ke tsona feela liphoofolo tse anyesang tse khonang ho laoloa, ho fofa nako e telele, li na le bokhoni ba ho ithuta ka mokhoa o hlakileng, hape li na le bokhoni bo ikhethang ba ho ikamahanya le maemo. Sena se lumelletse libopuoa tse makatsang ho tseba lefatše lohle ntle le libaka tsa polar. Bats liphoofolo tse lulang Turkey, ke oa malapa:
- Bo-'mankhane ba litholoana,
- Bo-'mankhane ba lieta,
- mohatla,
- ho ja litlhapi,
- letlalo kapa nko e boreleli.
Malapa ana a kopanya mefuta e 1200 ea bo-'mankhane, batho ba sa jeng nama, li-omnivores le li-carnivores.
Lihahabi tsa Turkey
Mefuta e fetang 130 ea lihahabi tse tsamaeang, tse hahabang le tse sesang li lula naheng ea Turkey. Ponahalo ea naha e rata nala ea mekholutsoane le linoha, tseo mefuta ea tsona e 12 e leng lihahabi tse mahloko. Likoloi li emeloa ke mefuta ea naha le ea metsi a hloekileng, empa lihahabi tsa metsing li khahla haholo.
Khudu ya letlalo
Ena ke mofuta o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa likolopata o teng hona joale. Bolelele ba 'mele e ka ba limithara tse 2,5. Boima ba 'mele - 600 kg. Mofuta ona o fapana le likolopata tse ling tsa leoatle ka likarolo tsa anatomical. Carapace ea eona ha e kopantsoe le masapo, empa e na le lipoleiti mme e koahetsoe ke letlalo le teteaneng. Likolopata tsa Leatherback li etela Mediterranean, empa ha ho na libaka tsa sehlaha mabopong a Turkey.
Loggerhead kapa sekolopata se seholo
Sehahabi hangata se bitsoa Caretta kapa Caretta caretta. Ena ke sekolopata se seholo, boima ba sona bo ka fihla ho 200 kg, bolelele ba 'mele bo haufi le m. Karolo e ka morao ea khetla e sebopeho sa pelo. Sekolopata ke sebatana. E fepa ka di-molluscs, jellyfish, tlhapi. Loggerhead e behela mahe mabopong a mangata lebopong la Turkey la Mediterranean.
Sekolopata sa leoatle se setala
Reptile e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 70-200. Empa ho na le ba nang le lirekoto ba fihletseng boima ba lik'hilograma tse 500 le bolelele ba limithara tse 2. Turtle e na le tšobotsi e ikhethang - nama ea eona e na le tatso e ntle.
Ka hona, ka linako tse ling e bitsoa sekolopata sa sopho. Mabopong a Turkey ho na le mabopo a 'maloa moo ho lulang sekolopata se setala: profinseng ea Mersin, letšeng la Akiatan, mabopong a haufi le toropo ea Samandag.
Linonyana tsa Turkey
Lefatše la linonyana la Turkey le kenyelletsa mefuta e ka bang 500 ea linonyana. Hoo e ka bang halofo ea sehlaha naheng, tse ling kaofela ke mefuta e fallang. Ha e le hantle, tsena li atile, hangata li fumanoa, linonyana tsa Asia, Europe le Afrika, empa ho na le mefuta e sa tloaelehang haholo, e kotsing.
Ntsu ea maqhubu
Nonyana ena ke karolo ea lelapa la phoka. Mapheo a phoofolo ena e nang le masiba a bolelele ba limithara tse 2,3. Lijo li kenyelletsa litoeba, li-hares, li-squirrel tse fatše. Ntsu ha e nyelise tse shoeleng. Lihlaha li hahiloe fatše, lihlahla le bolelele ba majoe. E behela mahe a 1-2. Nako ea poloko e nka matsatsi a 60. Ntsu ea steppe kapa steppe, kapa Aquila nipalensis e mocheng oa ho timela ha mefuta.
Lenong
Lenong le tsoa lelapeng la phakoe. Ha e fete bolelele ba 0,7 m le 2 kg ea boima ba 'mele, e leng palo e itekanetseng ea bara. Carrion ke lijo tsa mantlha, empa ka linako tse ling nonyana e fapanya lijo tsa eona ka litholoana le litholoana. Linonyana tsa batho ba baholo li khutsitse masiba a masoeu a nang le masiba a matšo ka mathoko a mapheo. Linonyana li lula ka lihlopha tse nyane, nakong ea ho nyalanya li arotsoe ka bobeli.
Li-ibis tsa morung
Ke ea mofuta oa li-ibis tse nang le lefatla. Mapheo a buleha ho fihlela ho 1.2-1.3 m. Boima ba eona bo fihla ho 1.4 kg. Nonyana e fepa likokoanyana tsa mefuta eohle, li-amphibian tse nyane le lihahabi. Ho hlophisa lihlaha, linonyana li bokana likoloneng. Li-ibise tsa morung li joalo liphoofolo tsa Turkey, tse tšoantšetsoang e tloaelehileng haholo hofeta ka bophelo.
Bustard
Moahi ea tloaelehileng oa masabasabeng le mahoatata. E etsahala libakeng tsa temo, makhulong, masimong a lemehang. Nonyana e kholo, tse tona li ka ba boima bo fetang 10 kg. O khetha ho tsamaea ka lifofane.
E haha lihlaha fatše, e behela mahe a 1-3. Nonyana e omnivorous: ntle le likokoanyana, e phunya letlobo le tala, lijo-thollo le monokotsoai. Lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, palo ea li-bustard e fokotsehile haholo 'me nonyana ena e fetohile ntho e sirelletsoang e le ntho e tsomang.
Mokotla o mosesane
Nonyana e nyane e tsoang lelapeng la snipe. Nonyana e nang le ponahalo e ikhethang: maoto a masesaane a malelele le molomo o molelele o kobehileng. Bolelele ba 'mele ha bo fihle ho 0,4 m.Ho phela, e khetha makhulo a mongobo likhohlong tsa likhohola tsa li-steppe.
Turkey, ha ho na lihlaha feela, empa le mefuta e fallang. Ka bobeli ha li fumanehe hangata 'me li haufi le ho timela. Liphoofolo tse se nang bolulo Turkey tšosa mefuta eohle ea linonyana tse lihelang fatše, ho kenyeletsoa le likhahla.
Liphoofolo tse ruuoang le tse ruuoang
Sehlopha sa liphoofolo se bolokiloeng ke lihoai le batho ba litoropo ke sona se tloaelehileng haholo. Tsena ke lipere, likhomo, linku, lipoli, likhoho, likatse le lintja. Mohahlauli e mong le e mong ea ntšitseng ho kenya liphoofolo naheng ea Turkey, o tlameha ho utloisisa hore joang kapa joang eo a mo ratang o tla kopana le baena ba sa tsotelleng. Empa ho na le mefuta le mefuta eo e leng ea bohlokoa ka ho khetheha ebile ha e na bolulo.
Kangal
Ntja e lebelang, eo hangata e bitsoang Dog Shepherd ea Anatolia. Ntja e na le hlooho e kholo, sesebelisoa se matla sa mohlahare, sefahleho se sefubelu. Bophahamo ba ho pona ke hoo e ka bang 80 cm, boima ba eona bo ka bang 60 kg. E kopanya matla le ts'ebetso e phahameng. Ha a etsa mesebetsi ea bolisa, a ka sebetsana ka katleho le phokojoe, a tšoara le ho silakanya phiri.
Maturkey a hlokomela polokeho ea bohloeki ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang le tse ruuoang. Ntle le moo, libaka tse fetang tse leshome le metso e 'meli tsa boikhathollo tsa naha ea Turkey li shebane le ho boloka mefuta-futa ea tlhaho e sa senyehang. Mehloli le litlamorao tse fokolang tsa tsoelo-pele li fana ka tšepo ea hore liphoofolo tse ngata ha li ts'osoe ke ho fela.
