Ural e hapa litsebi tsa 'nete tsa botle ka botle ba eona bo boholo le maruo: linoka tse hloekileng ka ho fetesisa, matša a kristale, liphororo tse ntle, mahaha a sa tsejoeng. Liphoofolo tsa Urals e emeloang ke liphoofolo tse likhoere-khoere, meru le masango.
Maemo a bona a bophelo, hammoho le kabo ea libaka, li its'etleha ka botlalo holima lefika la lithaba le lilomo. Lefatše la liphoofolo tse Urals li fapana le libaka tse ling ka mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo tse anyesang le li-steppe, ho kenyeletsoa le bustard, crane, steppe ntsu, partridge, lark e nang le manaka, harrier, belladonna.
Liphoofolo tsa Ural - tsena ke baemeli ba fapa-fapaneng ba liphoofolo, tseo litlhaloso tsa tsona li ka nkang nako e telele haholo. Ka moralo oa sengoloa sena, re ka nahana ka liphoofolo tse khahlang ka ho fetesisa sebakeng sena se setle haholo naheng ea rona.
Liphoofolo tsa Subpolar Urals
Subpolar Ural ke karolo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea Lithaba tse tummeng tsa Ural. Mona ke ntlha ea bona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa - Thaba ea Narodnaya. Hajoale, liphoofolo tsa sebaka sena li futsanehile haholo. 'Nete ke hore kamora ho timela le ho felisa hoo e batlang e le liphoofolo tsohle tse kholo kannete, phoofolo e le' ngoe e kholo mona ke likhama, tseo baahi ba tsona ba leng haufi le ho timela.
Li-lemmings tsa ungulate, liphokojoe tsa Arctic, liphiri, liphaphatha, li-chipmunks, li-badger le li-hares li fumaneha matsoapong a ka bochabela a Subpolar Urals. Libere tsa Brown le tsona li lula mona - matla a maholo a liphoofolo eseng a sebaka sena feela empa le a naha eohle. Baemeli ba lefatše ka tlas'a metsi - Pike, herring, pyzhyan, chisi.
Phokojoe ea Arctic
Liphokojoe tsa Arctic ke beng ka bona ba fokolang ba liphokojoe. Bolelele ba tsona bo fapana ho tloha ho cm 45 ho isa ho 70, 'me boima ba tsona bo tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 8 kg.
Liphoofolo tsena tse nyane li na le moriri o motenya o mosoeu. Boea ba phokojoe ea Arctic bo futhumatsa phoofolo hantle ha ho bata. Ba iphepa ka eng kapa eng eo ba e fumanang. Linakong tsa tlala, liphokojoe tsa Arctic li ja masalla a liphoofolo tse kholo tse jang liphoofolo.
Khama ea likhama
U ka kopana le eena khafetsa. Boholo ba liphoofolo tsena li ruiloe mona. Ke tsona leruo le leholo la baahi ba lehae. Haeba re bua ka mofuta o hlaha oa likhama, joale tsena liphoofolo tsa Subpolar Urals li se li batla li felisitsoe ka ho felletseng.
Batho ba bangata ba ka leboea ba polanete ea Lefatše ba bile teng ka lebaka la phoofolo ena e ntlehali: likhama li fa motho lijo le letlalo bakeng sa liaparo, hape ke mokhoa o motle oa ho tsamaisa maemong a maemo a khubelu a lehloa a kantle ho tsela.
Bolelele, liphoofolo tsena li fihla ho 2 metres. Bophahamo ba likhama ha li pona ke 1 mitha. Jase ea likhama e tenya, e telele, e mafehla. E mmala o mosootho bo sootho bathong ba malapeng le bohlooho ho tse hlaha.
Karolo e ikhethang ea likhama ke boteng ba linaka eseng ho banna feela, empa le ho tsehali. Litlhako tsa likhama li pharaletse, e li lumellang hore li se ke tsa oela lehloeng. Sena ha se bolele hore likhama li ntle joalo ka beng ka tsona, likhama tse khubelu. Likhama tse tona li na le maoto a makhuts'oane, mehatla e menyenyane, 'me tse tona ka linako tse ling li na le menoana mohlahareng o ka holimo.
Re lokela ho hlokomela hore likhama tse ruuoang lapeng ke mohopolo o tloaelehileng haholo. Sebata sena se lula se le hlaha: tlhokomelo e nyane ea mong'a sona - mme monna ea motle ea ikhohomosang, ea ruuoang malapeng o matha hape.
Ka bomalimabe, likhama tse hlaha li se li ka arolelana pheletso ea likhomo tsa musk, lipere tse hlaha, bison le saigas, tseo ka nako e 'ngoe li neng li e-na le litšukulu tsa boea ba mehleng ea khale le mammoths kaofela a neng a lula sebakeng se seholo sa lehae.
Liphoofolo tsa Urals Boroa
E kopanya libaka tsa meru, li-steppe le libaka tse ngata tsa limela. Lefatše le ruileng la limela tsa Southern Urals le nolofalitse liphoofolo tse nyane le tse sa tloaelehang ho phela sebakeng sena. Ka ho khetheha, ho na le baemeli ba libaka tse masabasabeng: voles, squirrels fatše, jerboas, hamsters, steppe marmots.
Liphoofolo tsa Urals Boroa li emeloa ke liphiri, libere tse sootho, bo-squirrel, liphokojoe tse bonoang bo polar, lisabole, li-hazel grouse, li-grouse tsa lehong, lark tse linaka esita le likhama tse tona. Ho thata ho lumela, empa moemeli ea nang le manaka oa Subpolar Urals o ile sebakeng sa boroa kamora motsamao oa limela.
Bere e sootho
Liphoofolo tsena li fumaneha hohle mona, empa ka lehlohonolo ha ho bonolo ho li bona. Boima ba monna e moholo bo fapana ho tloha ho li-quintals tse 3 ho isa ho tse 5. Ka kakaretso, bere ke moemeli ea pharalletseng oa liphoofolo, eseng feela har'a liphoofolo tsa Urals Boroa, empa ka kakaretso ho tsohle liphoofolo tsa Urals.
Ka tsela, ho thata ho bitsa bere sebatana. Taba ke hore boima bona bo boima ba 'mele ke li-omnivores: li ja nama le tlhapi, hammoho le mahe a linotši le monokotšoai oa meru.
Ka hoetla, libere tse sootho li fumana mafura a ka tlasa letlalo le hibernate. Libere tse sa kang tsa nona ka hoetla mme tse sa kang tsa robala bakeng sa mariha li fetoha cranks. Libere tse sootho tse boroa tsa Ural, joalo ka libere tse ling tse sootho, li aha maphao sebakeng se ommeng - tlasa metso ea lifate e sothehileng.
Sable
Har'a liphoofolo tsa sebaka sena ho ka khetholloa se bitsoang "perela ea taiga ea Siberia" - sable. Phoofolo ena ke boikhohomoso ba naha ea Russia, ho tloha nakong ea 'Muso oa Russia e bile motheo oa leruo la naha la boea. Ke sebata se sebete le se makatsang. Bakeng sa letsatsi, phoofolo e khona ho matha sebaka se selelele sa lik'hilomithara tse ngata. O hloella lifateng ka boithatelo, empa o tsamaea fatše.
Phoofolo ena e tsoma ka mekhoa e fapaneng. Joaloka katse, a ka lula a laletse 'me a shebella toeba, ho seng joalo ka manganga a lelekisa likhama tsa' musk lehloeng le hlephileng ho fihlela le fella. Lijo tsa mantlha tsa sable ke litoeba tse nyane. Sable hangata e tsoma linonyana tse kholo, litlhapi, mekholutsoane, esita le beng ka eona ba banyenyane - ermine le Siberia weasel. Sable e boetse e ja monokotsoai oa lingonberry, blueberry, ash ash, lithapo tsa phaene.
Liphoofolo tsa Urals Bohareng
Hoo e batlang e le sebaka sohle sa Middle Urals se sebakeng sa moru. Liphoofolo le linonyana tse tloahelehileng hantle hore li lule merung ea li-coniferous li lula mona: liphiri, litšiea, lisabole, li-chipmunks, grouse e ntšo, grouse ea lehong, hazel grouse. Ha ho na liphoofolo tse kholo, ntle le likhama tse tšehali. Empa li-elks li se li nkiloe tlasa ts'ireletso ka lebaka la phokotso ea baahi ba tsona.
Ka lebanta le ka holimo la lithaba la Middle Urals, u ka fumana likhama tse hlaha, libere tse sootho, martens, lynxes, squirrels, white hares, elks, moles, owls Eagle, li-woodpeckers, bullfinches, tits, cuckoos li lula morung. Morung oa taiga oa Middle Urals, li-amphibian le lihahabi ha li na palo: lihohoana tsa joang, marabe a tloaelehileng, mekholutsoane ea viviparous.
Libakeng tse masimong a likhohlo tsa Middle Urals, u ka kopana le liphiri, liphokojoe, li-ermine, li-weasel le liphakoe. Li-minks tsa Europe, li-otter le li-voles tsa metsi li lula mabopong a linoka le liphuleng. Ka mekhoabong u ka fumana linonyana tsa metsing: matata, likhantši tse hlaha, li-partges, li-sandpipers.
Baemeli ba tloaelehileng ba meru e hlohlora ba fumanoa letsoapong le ka bophirima la Middle Urals: li-choir tsa meru, li-hedgehogs, badger, hares, orioles, lithaha, li-nightingales, li-goldfinches, siskins, li-starlings le rooks. Lihahabi le li-amphibian li emeloa mona ke li-toads, li-newt le linoha tse se nang chefo.
Lynx
Moemeli ea khanyang liphoofolo tsa Urals Bohareng - lynx. Katse ena e kholo ha e fete boholo ba ntja e tloaelehileng, ha e bolelele ba mithara e le 'ngoe,' me boima ba eona ha bo fete lik'hilograma tse 17. Ho ea ka se hlokometsoeng ke litsebi tsa liphoofolo tsa Siberia le Ural, molomo oa lynx o shebahala o khahlisa haholo: mesentery e thata e kentsoeng molomo, litsebe tse ntle tse nang le likhele le ponahalo e ikhohomosang.
Oho, ke molomo feela o nkoang o le motle ka lynx. 'Mele oa katse ena ha o bake ho tsota haholo: maoto a khama e tšehali a malelele haholo, a ka pele a makhuts'oane haholo, mohatla o monyane joalo ka ha eka o khaotsoe. Ho phaella moo, lynx e na le maoto a sephara haholo. Sebopeho se joalo se sa utloahaleng sa mmele se tlisa melemo e meholo ho lynx: phoofolo e fetohile hantle eseng feela ho tloaelehileng empa hape le maemong a thata a bophelo a leboea.
Mohlala, marapo a sephara a thusa phoofolo ena ho lula hantle lehloeng ha e ntse e lelekisa phofu e kholo - mmutla. Litsebe tsa lynx ha se mokhabiso feela, empa ke mofuta oa lenakana le fetisang le thusang katse ho utloa melumo e khutsitseng haholo.
Lynx ke 'nete phoofolo e hlaha ea Urals... Tlas'a maemo a tlhaho, ho thata ho bona katse ena. Taba ke hore li-lynx ke libopuoa tse hlokolosi; li tsoma hoseng kapa ka meso. Lynxes, joalo ka linkoe, ke litsomi tse ikemetseng. Sebaka sa ho tsoma ke sebaka se tšoailoeng esale pele.
Mmutla wa Yuropa le mmutla o mosweu
Mefuta ka bobeli ea marikhoe a litsebe tse telele ke liphoofolo tsa Urals Bohareng... Mmala ka bobeli o na le 'mala o boputsoa bo sootho hlabula,' me mariha 'mutla o mosoeu ka tšohanyetso o fetola seaparo sa hae se sefubelu ho se sesoeu. Rusak e lula e le sootho selemo ho pota. Belyaks, hangata, ke batho ba lulang merung, athe batho ba mebutlanyana ke baahi ba masabasaba le masimo.
Mutlanyana
Motsheare, mmutla oa robala, ’me bosiu oa ea o batla lijo. Lekoala lena le litsebe li telele le ja makhapetla a lifate. "Bahlaseluoa" bao a ba ratang haholo ke aspen e nyane, birch, willow. Liphakoe tse tšoeu li tsamaea habonolo lehloeng le tebileng. Ha mmutla o qhoma, joalo ka mokotatsie, o tlisa maoto a eona a morao morao.
Li-hares tsa Europe ha li fetohe joaloka mariha joalo ka hares. Mohlala, ha lehloa la pele le oela fatše, mmutla o sitoa ho fihla lijalong tsa mariha, o tlameha ho tlolela ho batho ba lirapeng le lirapeng tsa meroho - ho loma likutu tsa k'habeche. Haeba ho se na li-stumps, li-hares tse sootho li tlola ka lebelo le felletseng ho li-haystacks. Khafetsa liphoofolo tsena li lematsa lifate tse nyane tsa liapole ka ho phunya makhapetla ho tsona.
Mutlanyana
Liphoofolo tsa Urals Leboea
Sebaka sa Urals Leboea se kenyelletsa meru e teteaneng ea taiga, mekhoabo le makhulo a bolelele ba joang. Liphoofolo tsa Urals Leboea - tsena ke mefuta e tloaelehileng bakeng sa meru ea Europe le Siberia. Baemeli ba mefuta ea Arctic ka kakaretso ba lula lihlabeng.
Ka morung oa Urals Leboea, ho fumanoa libere tse sootho, mebutlanyana e sootho, liphokojoe, likolobe, likhama tse tšehali, li-lynx, li-wolverine, li-ermine, li-beavers, li-grouse tse ntšo, li-capercaillies, li-hazel grouse, matata, mekato e fumanoeng. Hape, martens, sables, weasels, marten le sefapano sa sefapano - malinyane, otters - li ikamahantse le maemo a thata a Ural Leboea. Otter le badger - liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa Urals.
Morung oa taiga oa Middle Urals, u ka utloa crossbill le nutcracker. Tits mona mohlomong ke e mong oa baemeli ba ka sehloohong ba sebaka sena. Tlhōrōng ea lifate u ka bona botle bo ikhohomosang - lipohoana le li-odara tse ka sehloohong tsa meru ea taiga - mapolanka.
Liphoofolo tsa sebaka sena li boetse li emeloa ke litoeba tse nyane tse fapaneng. Mona o ka fumana litoeba, lifate tsa morung le litoeba tsa masea. Dinyantshi tse nyane ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng - dikgwele - di phela moriting wa dikutu tsa difate.
Mohlomphehi
Moemeli enoa oa taelo ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo o fumane lebitso le tummeng "monyollo", "skunk bere", "modemona oa leboea". Li-Wolverine ke litsomi tse sehlōhō ka ho fetisisa le tse matla tsa lelapa la weasel. Ka ntle, liphoofolo tsena li shebahala joaloka libere tse nyane tse nang le mehatla e mosesane. Bolelele, li-wolverine ha li fete mitha e le 'ngoe,' me ha li na boima bo fetang 15 kg.
Ho sa natse boholo ba tsona bo bobebe, liphoofolo tsena tse jang liphoofolo li khona ho lihela phiri kapa ho khanna lynx ea motho e moholo sefateng ka ho e loma hanngoe. Phiri e khona ho ts'oara likhama kapa likhama, e qhomele mokokotlong oa phoofolo ena ebe ka manganga e loma molaleng oa eona ho fihlela setopo se seholo sa phoofolo e arohaneng ka maoto se oela fatše.
Hape, lenane la wolverine ke li-squirrels, hares, liphokojoe. Libatana tsena li ka ithorisa ka ho nyoreloa mali feela mariha. Lehlabula, li-wolverine li itšoara ka boikokobetso ha li khetha lijo: li ja setopo, mahe a linonyana, liboko tsa likokoanyana, 'me ka linako tse ling, hammoho le libere tse sootho, li ja linate, monokotsoai le litholoana.
Middendorf vole
Phoofolo ena e anyesang e tsoang ka tatellano ea litoeba e ka fumanoa mefuteng ea moss leboea la Ural tundra. Bolelele ba 'mele oa eona ke lisenthimithara tse 13, mohatla o bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 3,5. Lehlabuleng, li-voles tsa Middendorf li ja li-sedge stems le makhasi,' me mariha, likarolo tsa metso.
Bakeng sa mariha, ba etsa litokisetso tsa li-rhizomes. Voles, e le molao, o haha lihlaha lihlahla tsa blueberry le libakeng tse hlaha tsa carp birch libakeng tse tlase.
Elk
Hajoale, Urals ha e nahane ntle le senatla se tsoang lelapeng la likhama - elk. Li-artiodactyl tsena tse kholo, tse maoto a malelele ha li fumanehe hangata merung ea taiga e ka leboea ho Ural. Bolelele ba 'mele oa monna e moholo ke bonyane limithara tse 3,' me bophahamo ba ho pona bo fihla ho limithara tse 2.7. Linatla tsena li boima ho tloha ho tse 2.5 ho isa ho tse 5.8.
Likhama tse tona li tsejoa habonolo ke manaka a maholohali a makala ao basali ba a hlokang. Joalo ka mehleng ea khale, matsatsing ana ba ntse ba leka ho rua likhama. Russia ho na le mapolasi a khethehileng a likhama moo linonyana tsena tse koahetsoeng ka maoto li holisitsoeng. Mme, ke tlameha ho lumela, eseng lefeela.
Liphoofolo tsena li shebahala li le bobebe: maoto a tsona a kobehileng a bonahala a le masesaane ha a bapisoa le 'mele ea tsona e meholo. Mohatla o mokgutshwane ka kakaretso ha o bonahale. Litsebe tsa likhama li kholo ebile mahlo a manyane. Nko e khutsuoa ebile e makatsa, molaleng ho na le lehlomela le bonolo la letlalo - "lesale". Ho sa natsoe ponahalo ena, elk ke setho se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa lelapa la likhama ebile ke setsebi se sa tsejoeng sa meru le mekhoabo.
Liphoofolo tsa Buka e Khubelu ea Li-Urals
Kahoo, Buka e khubelu ea Urals ha e eo. Sebaka ka seng se na le Buka ea sona e khubelu. Ha e le hantle, ha ho thata ho theha lethathamo le akaretsang la mefuta ea liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang le tse kotsing ea ho felloa ke matla bakeng sa Urals kaofela, empa e tla eketsa hanyane ho lingoliso tsa lebatooa, mme ho fana ka thuso e sebetsang, o ntse o tla hloka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho melaoana ea lehae.
Liphoofolo tsa Buka e Khubelu ea Li-Urals - tsena ke bo-'mankhane (mankhane a metsi, 'moustached bat, pond bat, North kozhok, jj.) le litoeba (fofa ea squirrel, dormouse ea serapeng, hamster ea Dzungarian, lemming ea morung, jerboa e kholo, grey hamster). Ha re nahaneng ka mefuta e meng ka botlalo.
Hedgehog e tloaelehileng
Moemeli oa taelo ea liphoofolo tse jang likokoanyana o thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Sverdlovsk Region. Liphoofolo tsena li ja likokoanyana tse ngata le li-slugs, tse leng kotsi ho meru le lirapa tsa serapa.
Hedgehog e tloaelehileng, mohlomong, ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse' maloa tse lumellang motho ho atamela haufi haholo le eena. Empa sena se etsahala, ho hang, hobane hedgehog ke motho ea sebete, empa ka lebaka la ho se bone hantle. Ka hona, li-hedgehogs li khetha ho itšetleha ka monko oa tsona. Empa linko tsa bona hangata lia hloleha: haeba moea o foka ka lehlakoreng le leng, liphoofolo tsena ha li khone ho utloa ho atamela ha motho kapa phoofolo ho tsona.
Likokoanyana tsena tse jang likokoanyana li tsoma bosiu. Ha e tsoma, hedgehog e tloaelehileng ke phoofolo e mahlahahlaha le e mahlahahlaha. Phoofolo ha e felise likokoanyana tse kotsi feela, empa hape ha e na bothata ba ho ja linoha tse chefo. Ka tsela eo, chefo ea marabe ha e na tšusumetso ho hedgehog e tloaelehileng.
Leha e na le meutloa, hedgehog e ke ke ea ithorisa ka tšireletso e felletseng ho lira, eo e nang le eona e ngata: liphooko tse kholo, liphooko tsa ntsu, liphakoe, liphokojoe, mme, ehlile, monna ea entseng sohle ho etsa hore palo ea kokoanyana ena e be kotsing.
Muskrat
Ntlha ea motho, e leng meharo ea batho, ke lona lebaka leo liphoofolo tsena li leng makhatheng a ho timela. Ha baahi ba bona ba le maemong a nepahetseng, monna eo o ile a felisoa ka bongata ka lebaka la boea ba bona bo botle le ba bohlokoa. Ho tsoala muskrat ka sepheo se ts'oanang ho kentse letsoho ho falliseng batho ba tsoang libakeng tsa bona tsa tlhaho.
Katse ea steppe
Phoofolo ena e bukeng e khubelu ea sebaka sa Orenburg e ile ea abeloa sehlopha se seng kotsi haholo №3. Ho tšoasoa ha likatse tsa steppe ke linonyana le litoeba tse nyane. Nako ea mariha, joalo ka ha u tseba, ke nako e thata bakeng sa liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa Urals. Likatse tsa steppe, ntle le phofu, li ka lelera ho batho molemong oa ho etsa phaello, mohlala, ka likhoho.
Mink ea Europe
Ho ea ka Red Data Book ea Sebaka sa Chelyabinsk, mink ea Europe e thathamisitsoe sehlopheng sa 1, mme ho Red Data Book ea Bashkortostan, phoofolo ena e hlaha sehlopheng sa No. 2. Hoa makatsa hore ebe mink ea Europe ha e eo ka botlalo ho Red Data Book ea Sebaka sa Perm.
