Liphoofolo tsa Crimea
Sebaka sa hloahloa se ikhethile. Ho na le libaka tse tharo tsa maemo a leholimo tse nang le mefuta e fapaneng ea maemo a fapaneng: mosikong oa maoto, kontinenteng e futhumetseng, ka tlas'a lefatše. Sebaka se haufi le leoatle la Black le Azov, lithaba tsa Crimea, matša a 50, linoka tse fetang 250 li ikemiselitse ho nts'etsapele limela tse sa tloaelehang le bolulo ba liphoofolo tse tsebahalang, ke ho phela feela maemong ana.
Crimea e bitsoa Australia e nyane bakeng sa tlhaho ea liphoofolo tse sebakeng se batlang se le nyane (tse ka bang 26,000 sq. Km).
Nakong ea nalane e fetileng, lithuhlo le limpshe li ne li lula hloahloeng. Liphetoho tsa maemo a leholimo li lebisitse ho hlaha ha liphokojoe le liphokojoe tsa arctic. Leha bafuputsi ba supa seo lefatše la liphoofolo la Crimea futsanehileng ho feta libaka tsa boahelani, e bonts'a motsoako o makatsang oa mefuta e fapaneng e ikamahantseng le maemo a tikoloho ea lehae.
Ho senyeha ha liphoofolo tsa Crimea, ho latela litsebi tsa liphoofolo, ha ho hlalosoe feela ke liphetoho tsa tlhaho, empa hape le mesebetsi ea batho, pheliso e sa laoleheng ea liphoofolo tse hlaha. Hajoale ho na le lihlopha tse hlano tse kholo tsa liphoofolo tse fapaneng tsa hloahloeng:
- steppe;
- moru-steppe;
- moru oa lithaba;
- ho nyoloha;
- lebopo le ka boroa.
Lithaba, lithaba le leoatle li theha tikoloho e kopaneng eo ho eona liphoofolo tsa Crimea li emeloa ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa lefats'e tsa mefuta e 58, mefuta ea metsing - 4, ichthyofauna tse ling li emeloa ke mefuta e 200 ea litlhapi, mefuta e fetang 200 ea linonyana, mefuta e 14 ea lihahabi. Ho na le matsoalloa a mangata har'a baahi, ba bang ke baeti ba tsamaeang kapa ba lula kamora nako ea tloaelo.
Setsi sa Crimea
Palo ea liphoofolo ea masabasabeng e emeloa ke litoeba tse fapaneng, moo lijalo tsa lijo-thollo le mefuta e mengata ea limela li utloang bohloko.
Gopher e nyane
Li lula ka lihlopha tsa lehae. Bolelele ba mmele o molelele wa motho a le mong bo fihla ho 250 mm, e ka bang karolo ya bohlano ya mohatla. Letlalo la 'mala oa' mala o mosehla, 'mala o sootho ka morao. Hlooho e kgutlotharo. E cheka minks ka likoti ho fihlela ho 4 m bolelele le 1.8 m botebo. Mefuta e mengata e lula "matlong", hara eona ho na le "Red Book".
Puo ea sechaba
Rutata e nyane e atileng e jang palo e kholo ea limela tse hlaha le tse lenngoeng. E cheka minks ka litemana tse rarahaneng, likamore tsa ho haha le matlo a polokelo.
Hamster e tloaelehileng
Phoofolo e mekotla e nang le marama a maholo le litsebe tse nyane, boholo ba rat. Mmala o mofubelu le seaparo se bosootho se etsa hore bumpkin ena e khahlehe ka ntle. Li-paws tse nyane tse ka pele li ka etsa ho hongata: ho koala litsebe, ho hlatsoa, ho jara masea.
Hamster e rata ho ba mong. O hlasela batho ba sa batleng ho hloea ka mokhoa o makatsang - o hoeletsa, o potlakela sera sa boholo bofe kapa bofe. Ho longoa ho bohloko haholo, kaha phoofolo e baka likhahla. Hamster e lula haufi le litsela, libakeng tsa meru, empa hangata ho na le takatso ea bolulo ba batho.
Jerboa
Boholo ba phoofolo bo batla bo lekana le sekwere. Maoto a morao a tsebahalang a bolelele ba makhetlo a mane ho feta maoto a pele. Esita le pere e ke ke ea khona ho fumana jerboa. E tlolela bolelele ba limithara tse 1,5-2, bophahamo ba ho qhomela e ka ba halofo ea mithara.
Mohatla o molelele o sebetsa e le mokokotlo, 'me o thusa ho sutumetsa nakong ea ho qhoma, o nka karolo ho itšireletsa, ha ho hlokahala. Ka lebaka la ho lema mobu hloahloeng, ho na le "kangaroo" tse nyane le tse fokolang.
Lesea le sa utloeng litsebeng
Rutata e nyane ka tlasa lefatše, e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 13. Mohatla o mokhutšoane ha o bonahale. 'Mele o bonahala o ikamahanya le maemo bakeng sa ho cheka likonopo - tse telele, tse nang le mesifa e matla karolong e ka pele.
Ha ho na litsebe, mahlo a batla a le sephara. Maoto a ka pele a na le menoana e mehlano. Li-incisors tse bohale ka pel'a molomo lia hlolla. E sebetsa bosiu. Li senya lirapa tsa meroho.
Mouse ea Steppe
Phoofolo e nyane e sa feteng 75 mm bolelele. U ka lemoha litoeba ka mola o motšo o tsamaeang haufi le phula ho tloha hloohong ho ea botlaaseng ba mohatla. Boea ba boea ke bohlooho bo nang le molatsoana. Ho cheka mekoti e sa tebang kapa ho lula matlong a litoeba tse ling hangata.
Ba matha trot ka mohatla o phahamisitsoeng, o sebetsang joalo ka mekoallo e leka-lekaneng. Ka ho phethahetseng hloa bokaholimo paatsepama, bakoa, makala, likutu.
Mokotatsie
Liphoofolo li ile tsa fetoha bajaki ba atlehileng ho tloha Altai ho ea Crimea. Ba lula libakeng tsa meru, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo. Snooty, phetheselang le ho baballa, ka jase e ntle e bofubelu bo bofubelu.
Libakeng tse lithaba, boholo ba liphoofolo bo boholo, ho fihlela ho 28-30 cm, ho feta libakeng tse bataletseng. Mohatla o busang oa phoofolo ke 2/3 ea bolelele bohle ba 'mele. E fumane bohlokoa ba khoebo.
Likhoto tsa Crimea li tsoa tlholisanong ho latela lipalo ha li bapisoa le lira tse jang liphoofolo. Har'a baemeli ba bangata ba malapa, liphoofolo tse nyane le tse mahareng li teng haholo. Liphiri tse kholo tsa hloahloeng li felisitsoe ke li-20 tsa pele tsa lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Boiteko ba ho hlasimolla moloko oa phiri bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho fihlela kajeno.
Setepe sa ferret
Phoofolo e bosootho bo bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 52 e nang le 'mele o molelele, mohatla o monyane, hlooho e chitja le litsebe tse sephara. E ajoa haholo naheng ea Crimea. Mebala ea lehlabathe e nang le maoto a sootho, qetello ea mohatla, sefuba le masoeu a masoeu molomong le litsebeng. Ferret e lula haufi le batho, libakeng tse nang le baahi. Phoofolo e jang ka ho fetisisa. Ho thapisoa ka botlalo.
Weasel
Leha e le nyane, e bolelele ho isa ho 26 cm, ebile e shebahala hantle, phoofolo e mabifi ebile e sehloho ho liphoofolo tsohle tse nyane. Phallo ea mali ea libatana tse nyane e bapisoa le ea phiri. Ho ba mafolofolo le ho ba mafolofolo, bokhoni ba ho matha ka potlako, ho sesa ka ho phethahetseng ho etsa hore weasel e be setsomi se ke keng sa lekanngoa.
Ka ponahalo, sebata se shebahala joaloka ermine, empa mohatla oa eona ha o na borashe. Mosebetsi oa phoofolo, o atileng Crimea, o bonahala bosiu le motšehare.
Haeba phoofolo e thapisitsoe, likokoanyana le litoeba ha ho mohla li hlahang ka tlung. Ka liphoofolo tse ling tse ruuoang lapeng, weasel e qala ho ba le metso kapele, e ba phoofolo e ratoang.
Phokojoe e khubelu
Har'a liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tsa Crimea, phokojoe ke moemeli e moholo ka ho fetisisa - batho ka bomong ba fihla 70-90 cm ka bolelele, mohatla ke cm 50-60. Phoofolo e lula hohle hloahloeng. E lula ka mahaheng, e lula masoba a li-badger, mapetsong, mekoti. Phokojoe ke eona molaoli o ka sehloohong oa palo ea litoeba. E baka tšenyo mapolasing a kenang papaling ea ho ikatisa, hares.
Phoofolo ea bohlokoa ea papali. Ho fapana ka tlhokomeliso, tšabo. Ke liphoofolo tse kulang feela tse tsoang ho motho. Phokojoe e thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Crimea.
Lefatše Crimea lihahabi emeloa ke likolopata, mekholutsoane, linoha, linoha. Ho hang ha ho na batho ba chefo. Moriri oa koporo, noha ea metsi le noha, noha e metsero e mene, e mabanta a mosehla le lengau lia fumaneha.
Noha ea steppe
Ke eena feela moahi ea chefo hloahloeng ea Crimea. Noha e nyane, e 55-57 cm, e lula lithoteng le masabasabeng. Moetso oa zigzag o khabisa 'mele oa' mala o mosootho bo sootho.
Meepa e omileng e nang le lihlahla, mabopo a matangoana, likhohlo ke libaka tsa marabe a masimong. E ipata lipakeng tsa majoe, mobu o le sieo, masoba a lahliloeng a litoeba. E rata ho thabela letsatsi, e sesa hantle.
Lithaba tsa Crimea
Liphoofolo tsa libaka tse maralleng li kopane le baemeli ba libaka tsa meru le libaka tsa masimo. Liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa Crimea mona esale e nkuoa e le matsoalloa a hloahloa.
Mutlanyana
Ho fapana le balekane ba naha, moahi oa lehae o na le likarolo tse ikhethang tse sa amaneng le baemeli ba libaka tse ling. Hare ea Crimea e boloka 'mala oa eona selemo ho pota. Liaparo tsa naha eohle li na le seaparo se boputsoa bo boputsoa bo bosoeu bo bosoeu.
Lehloa hloahloeng ha le oele seoelo, 'me haeba lehloa le khetheha, le nka nako e fetang beke feela. Nakong ena, hares ha ba na nako ea ho fetola chebahalo ea bona. Ho tsoma.
Palo ea li-hares e fokotsehile haholo lilemong tse mashome a fetileng, empa kabo ea eona e ntse e nkuoa e le hohle. E hlaha hangata haholo meeling ea libaka tsa meru.
Stone marten (pelo e tšoeu)
Phoofolo e amohetse lebitso la eona le mofuthu bakeng sa boea bo bosoeu sefubeng le mmetsong. Mohau, mohau oa motsamao ke tšobotsi ea sebata se senyenyane se seng se sa tloaelehang ho lijo tsa batho ba sa jeng nama (o phela hape ka hawthorn, morara, pere). Whitebird ha a hloelle likutu tsa lifate, empa ka boqhetseke o kenella ka likhorong tsa likhoho tsa lapeng ho senya malapa a linonyana hang-hang.
Badger
Phoofolo e tsitsitse ka thata merung ea Crimea. 'Mele oa badger o bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 70-90, mohatla o ka fihla ho cm e 20. Manala a matla marameng a eona a supa tataiso ea liketso tsa eona tse sebetsang. O ile a cheka mekoti e mekato e mengata e nang le li-galleries, litemana, matlo a polokelo, likhutlo tsohle li na le litlama.
Litemana tsa Badger li bolelele ba limithara tse 20, 'me hammoho li theha litoropo kaofela. Badgers ke baahi, ba phathahane ka tokisetso ea ka ho sa feleng ea malapa a bona. Batho ba amohelang bohloeki ba tšoarehile ka mesebetsi e mengata ea lapeng. Ha li mamelle litšitiso tse etsahalang lefatšeng la tsona le lebe. Ba tla ikemisetsa ho loants'a ba kenang. Badgers - liphoofolo tsa Buka e khubelu ea Crimea.
Ntja ea Raccoon
Sebata se maoto a makhuts'oane se ile sa mela hloahloeng kamora ho leka makhetlo a 'maloa ho se hlahisa. 'Mele oa squat ho fihlela 80 cm ka bolelele, mohatla o boreleli ho fihlela cm 25. Thibelo e bohale e nang le' mala oa raccoon ka sebopeho sa mask, molora o phophomang molora mahlakoreng.
O phela mesebetsing ea mafika, o lula masobeng a liphokojoe kapa o lula ka har'a metso ea lifate. Ntja ea li-raccoon hangata e fumanoa lebopong la leoatle e batla lijo. Sebata se nkuoa se le monate, empa se ratang ke lijo tsa liphoofolo.
Bo-'mankhane
Crimea, ho na le mefuta e 16 ea bo-'mankhane. Mosebetsi oa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse fofang o holimo haholo bosiu. Meno a letlalo pakeng tsa menoana ea maoto le maoto a kamorao karolong e ka morao ea 'mele e sebetsa joalo ka mapheo a nonyana.
Libakeng tse tlasa litropike tsa Crimea, bo-'mankhane ba fepa likokoanyana feela ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea mahlaseli a kotsi. Batho ba baholo ka ho fetesisa ha ba fihle bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10. Lebelo la ho fofa ha litoeba tsena tse makatsang le fihla ho 50 km / h.
Ho laola 'mele ho o lumella ho fofa ka nepo ka labyrinth e moqotetsane ea lehaha ntle le ho ama mabota ka mapheo. Libaka tsa meru e lithaba ke libaka tseo bo-'mankhane ba se nang kotsi ba li ratang haholo.
Likolopata tsa mokhoabo
Ba lula haholo matamong a lithaba. Ho fapana le liphoofolo tse fatše, ho na le lera la ho sesa lipakeng tsa menoana ea sekolopata. Boholo ba baahi ba karolelano bo fihla ho 15 cm bophara ba khetla. Bosiu o robala botlaaseng ba letangoana kapa metsi a mang, 'me motšehare o tsoma litlhapi tse nyane, o ja tse tala. E patoa ka mobu bakeng sa bolulo ba mariha.
Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tsa Crimea kenyeletsa likhohlopo, tse boetse li robala le ho phomola kae kae sebakeng se patehileng mokatong o ka tlase ho fihlela selemo sa pele se futhumetseng.
Likhama tse hlomphehang
Motho oa khale ka ho fetisisa hloahloeng ke motlotlo ka Crimea. Phoofolo e kholo e hola ho fihla ho limithara tse 1,4 ha e pona. Linaka tsa makala li khabisa hlooho ea tsona. Botenya le bolelele ba lits'ebetso li bonts'a lilemo tsa likhama. Mokhabiso o ka sehloohong oa banna o nchafatsoa selemo le selemo.
Morung o lithaba oa Crimea, ho utloahala molumo o matla oa li-artiodactyl tse kholo ka ho fetisisa. Mehlape e bokana mona 'me e fepa ka limela. Mariha, likhama li atamela lirapa, lifate tse haufi le libaka tse nang le baahi, moo ho nang le lijo le mofuthu. Liphoofolo tse ntle li khabisa mofero oa moru.
Mouflon
Linku tsa thaba li ne li tloaetse Crimea le pele ho phetohelo. Mathata a ho rarolla mathata, mathata a ho ba le bana a ile a etsa bajaki ba Europe haholo-holo lintho tse sirelelitsoeng. Mekhoa ea liphoofolo e ts'oana le ea linku tse ruuoang.
Motšehare, ha ho chesa, ba qeta moriting oa majoe, ka tlas'a lifate, 'me mantsiboea ba bokella joang bo haufi le mekoloko ea lithaba, matsoapong a joang. Mariha, ba hlokofatsoa ke lehloa le oelang ebe ba theohela ntlong ea batho bakeng sa lijo.
Mokhabiso o moholo oa phoofolo ke manaka a sothehileng moeeng morao le holimo. Batho ba baholo ba fihla ho 200 kg. Liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa Crimea li tlas'a tšireletso.
Roe
Liphoofolo tse ntle li kile tsa lula sehlabeng sa hloahloa. Batho ba ne ba khannela liphoofolo matsoapong a lithaba. Liipone tse tsebahalang (boea bo bosoeu bo potileng mohatla) ba liphoofolo tse balehang batho hangata li bonoa merung.
Ho utloa hantle ho sireletsa lira tse ngata. Likhama tsa likhama li hlokofatsoa haholo ke litsomi tse se nang toka. Hammoho le likhama, tseo li tšoanang ka tsona haholo, li-artiodactyl ke lintho tse ratoang ke bo-meru, bao ka lerato ba li bitsang "lipoli".
Doe
Ha phoofolo ea lireliki e mosikong oa Crimea e ntse e fumaneha ka seoelo. Boiteko bo 'maloa ba ho tloaela li-artiodactyl tse ntle ha bo e-so phetheloe. E kholo ho feta likhama tse tšehali, empa e nyane ho feta likhama ka boholo, likhama tse tona li hlokolosi, li bobebe, li ikamahanya le masimo le masimo.
Ntle le ts'ireletso ea motho, ho ata ha liphoofolo ho kanna ha se roaloe ka katleho, empa linokoane li etsa ho hongata ho boloka mefuta eo.
Kolobe e hlaha
Moahi oa mantlha oa hloahloeng o ile a felisoa ke lekholo la bo19 la lilemo. Kamora hoo e ka bang lekholo la lilemo, likolobe tse hlaha li ile tsa khutlisoa ka katleho linaheng tsena. Liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo li ja linate, li-mushroom, metso, mahe a linonyana, litoeba.
Ha li kopana le motho, likolobe-moru li tlosoa ka hloko, empa haeba ntoa e ke ke ea qojoa, joale liphoofolo ha li tsebe tšabo. Likopano le basali tse sireletsang malinyane li kotsi haholo. U ka phela feela makaleng a sefate se selelele.
Mokholutsoane oa lefika
E lula feela lithabeng tsa Crimea. Motsamai ea sebete majoeng le matsoapong. Mabōpo a majoe, majoe, likhohlo, maqhubu a majoe a fapaneng ke libaka tse ratoang haholo ke mekholutsoane. U ka kopana le batho ba batle bophahamong ba limithara tse 3000-3500 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Lebelo le boiketlo ba motsamao ha li tšoane.
Liphoofolo tse lebopong
Liphoofolo tsa lebopo le ka boroa li emeloa ke lihahabi le likokoanyana tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo. Mekholutsoane a atile haholo.
Checheiki ea Crimea
Mehleng ea khale, e ne e fumaneha hohle, esita le libakeng tsa litoropo tse lerata - terateng, pela mabota a matlo, hara meaho ea khale. Nts'etsopele e kholo e sentse sebaka sa li-geckos. Lithako tse ratoang haholo tse nang le litemana tse ngata, maphephe, mapetso li ile tsa qala ho nyamela lefatšeng.
Mekholutsoane e metle ha e khabise tikoloho ka chebo e khahlehang feela, empa e boetse e thibela ho ata ha likokoanyana tse kotsi. Lira tsa li-geckos e ne e le likatse tse lahlehileng, tse ileng tsa phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotsa mekholutsoane.
Serpentine ea lefu la seoa
Batho ba bangata ba nka phoso e hahabang e le sehahabi se chefo, noha ea masapo. Leha e le ponahalo e tšosang le boholo ba eona, bolelele bo ka ba limithara tse 1-1.25, phoofolo ha e na kotsi ka ho felletseng haeba u sa e ts'oare ebile u sa leke mamello.
Ha a na mabifi a tlhaho. O phela feela ka Crimea. Jaundice e tsamaea butle, ha e potlakele mang kapa mang. Mmele o bataletse hanyane ka lehlakore le letlalo le boreleli le benyang. Phoofolo e thathamisitsoe Bukeng e khubelu. Tšokelo ea ho timela ha e na thuso - pheliso ea li-spindle hangata e hlaha ka lebaka la ponahalo e tšosang, pherekano le linoha.
Ho bonolo ho khetholla linaoa tse mosehla ho lihahabi tse chefo - mahlo a tsona a sirelelitsoe ke mahlo a phatsimang, ho fapana le linoha.
Liphoofolo tsa libaka tse chesang tse mongobo tsa Crimea li na le likokoanyana tse ngata. Maikutlo a Mediterranean a tsebahala ho mang kapa mang ea etileng hloahloeng hlabula.
Cicadas
Ba bangata ba utloile melumo e lerata, empa ha ba e-s'o bone likokoanyana tsena. Cicada e batla e le kholo hanyane ho feta ntsintsi e tloaelehileng, e lula e ipatile hara makhasi. Litho tsa ho bina tse nang le li-resonator tse khethehileng li ka mpeng. Ho bonahala libapali li qothisana lehlokoa le 'mino oa khwaere. Cicadas e phela nako eohle. Ho khahlisang ke hore likokoanyana tsena lia fetoha, ho fapana le marutle kapa crickets.
Lithapelo tsa thapelo
Lebitso le fanoa bakeng sa ponahalo ea kokoanyana, e lulang e phahamisitse maoto a ka pele. E joalo ka matsoho a motho ea phahamiselitsoeng leholimong ka thapelo. Ebile, li-mantis tsa thapelo li lalla phofu pele ho tlhaselo, li lula nako e telele, li ipatile makhasi. Khōlo ea likokoanyana ho fihlela ho 4-5 cm e lumella ka linako tse ling ho loana le lirobele. Ho ea ka lets'oao, motho eo mantis ea thapelo a neng a lutse holim'a hae o tla thaba nako e telele.
Crimean fatše maleshoane
Sebaka se tloaelehileng ho Crimea se tlas'a tšireletso e le mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa bo-maleshoane. Bo-maleshoane ha ba khone ho fofa, ba khasa feela litseleng le matsoapong.Kokoanyana ena e kholo, e ka fihla ho 5 cm, e na le 'mala o pherese, o khantšitsoeng ke botala bo botala, boputsoa le botšo.
Haeba u ama moahi ea motle, o tla ntša mokelikeli o senyang ho u tšosa. E tsamaisa bophelo bo mafolofolo bosiu, e tsamaea kapele ka maoto a malelele le a mesifa. Letsatsing leo, maleshoane oa fatše o matha ho fihla ho 2 km. Mehlahare e matla e thusa ho sebetsana ka katleho le phofu: likhofu, li-molluscs tsa lefatše, li-slugs.
Ke liphoofolo life tse Crimea ba ka phela, litsebi tsa liphoofolo le batho feela ba ratang tlhaho ea mantlha ba tseba. Liphoofolo tse anyesang tse ngata tse neng li lula mona pele li lahlehile bakeng sa hloahloa. Tsena ke phokojoe ea arctic, wolverine, beaver, marmot, bere le mefuta e meng.
Lefatše la linonyana tsa metsing le lokeloa ke tlhaloso e arohaneng. Swan Islands Reserve e tumme ka kolone ea eona ea likhofu. Liketekete tsa li-swans li qeta mariha hloahloeng 'me li lula nakong ea molting. Herons, mallards, mergansers ea nko e telele, sehlaha sa cranes lefats'eng la masimo a Crimea.
Mefuta e fetang 200 ea malapa a linonyana e ngolisitsoe sebakeng sa hloahloa. Ha ho na li-endemics har'a bona. Khemik'hale le ho lema mobu temong ke bothata bo tebileng, bo bakang tahlehelo ea sehlaha le bolulo ba linonyana.
Ho boloka le ho ntlafatsa liphoofolo tse sebakeng se ikhethileng ka libaka tse fapaneng tsa maemo a leholimo ho bohlokoa molemong oa tekano ea tlhaho, kamano lipakeng tsa batho le liphoofolo.
