Phoofolo e anyesang e makatsang e lulang tikolohong ea metsing le lefatšeng, ke ea baemeli ba khale ka ho fetisisa ba liphoofolo tsa lefatše. Litiiso li tsejoa e le bump ea leoatle e pinniped. Liphetoho maemong a leholimo li ile tsa susumetsa tsela eo liphoofolo li jang ka eona, empa butle-butle tsa lebisa phetohong ponahalong ea liphoofolo tse qobelloang ho ikamahanya le tikoloho ea metsing. Khopolo ea ho iphetola ha lintho e fetotse marapo a litiiso hore ebe mapheo.
Tlhaloso le likarolo
Phoofolo e anyesang e kholo e nang le mmele o molelele o hlophisehileng, o tloaetseng mokhoa oa bophelo oa metsing. Boima ba baemeli ba mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo bo fapana haholo, ho tloha ho 150 kg ho isa ho 2.5 ton, bolelele ba 'mele bo tloha ho 1.5 m ho isa ho 6.5 m. Tiiso e fapana ka bokhoni ba ho bokella mafura ka linako tse fapaneng tsa selemo, ebe oa a tlosa, o fetola boholo ba eona haholo.
Letšoao le tloaelehileng metsing
Phoofolo e fana ka maikutlo a sebopuoa se sa phutholohang ha se le mobung. 'Mele o moholo o koahetsoeng ke moriri o mokhutšoane, molala o motenya, hlooho e nyane, mapheoana. Ka metsing, ba fetoha batho ba sesang ba babatsehang.
Ho fapana le li-pinniped tse ling, litiiso li bolokile khokahano le lefats'e, moo li qetang karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba tsona. Mapheoana a nang le matsoho le maoto a tsoetseng pele a thusa ho tsamaea hohle. Ha ba le mobung, ba its'etleha ka maoto le matsoho, ba hula mokokotlo o hulang fatše.
Ho fapane tikolohong ea leoatleng. Ka metsing, litiiso ntshetsa pele lebelo la ho fihlela ho 25 km SE / ka. Liphoofolo li ka qoela botebong ba leoatle ho fihlela limithara tse 600. Sebopeho se sephara sa hlooho ho bonahala se thusa ho feta karolong ea metsi.
Ho lula ha phoofolo botebong ha ho fete metsotso e 10 ka lebaka la khaello ea oksijene. Tiiso e tlameha ho khutlela mobung ho tlatsa mokotla oa moea ka tlasa letlalo la eona hore e kenelle ka leoatleng.
Boea bo mahoashe bo u boloka u futhumetse. Thermoregulation e fanoa ke mokato oa mafura a ka tlasa letlalo, ao liphoofolo li a bokellang nakong ea mariha. Kahoo, litiiso li mamella maemo a mabe a Arctic, Antarctic.
Mahlo a phatsimang a liphoofolo tse anyesang a hlahisa maikutlo haholo. Tiisa setšoantšong e shebahala e phunya, ho shebahala ka bohlale ho bonahala ho pata ho hong ho fetang hoo motho a ho tsebang ka eena. Mahlo a banna ba bohlale ba nonneng ha a bohale haholo. Joaloka liphoofolo tsohle tse anyesang tsa leoatleng, mahlo ha a bone nako e khuts'oane. Joalo ka batho, liphoofolo tse kholo li ka lla leha li se na litšoelesa tse hlabang.
Empa li tšoara monko oa limithara tse 500, li utloa hantle, empa liphoofolo ha li na litsebe. Maqhubu a ts'oaroang, a ts'oanang le litelu tse tšoeu, a ba thusa ho tsamaea har'a litšitiso tse fapaneng. Bokhoni ba ho echolocate bo khetholloa ke mefuta e itseng feela. Ka talenta ena, litiiso li tlase ho feta li-dolphin, maruarua.
Ho batla ho le thata ho khetholla e tona le e tšehali ka ponahalo ea litiiso tse ngata. Mokhabiso molomong oa banna o khetholloa feela ke litiiso tsa litlou le litiiso tse koahetsoeng. Tsehali li ka ba tlase ka boima ba 'mele, empa ho thata ho tseba phapang ntle le litekanyo tse ikhethang.
'Mala oa liphoofolo o na le bosootho bo bosootho ka mokhoa o makhabane. Mabala a sephara a hasane holim'a 'mele. Madinyane a rua seaparo sena ho tloha bonyenyaneng. Lira tsa tlhaho tsa liqibi ke li-whale tse bolaeang le lishaka. Liphoofolo li pholosoa ho tsona ka ho tlolela lebopong. Bere ea limela li rata ho ja nama e tiisitsoeng, empa ke ka seoelo ho ka ts'oaroang litlhapi tse hlokolosi.
Mefuta
Litiiso ke malapa a litiiso tsa 'nete le tse utloiloeng, ka kutloisiso e pharalletseng - li-pinniped kaofela. Tsena li kenyelletsa mefuta e 24 e fapaneng, empa e boloka likarolo tse ngata tse tloaelehileng. Likolone tsa tiiso ea Pacific li kholo hanyane ho feta baahi ba Atlantic. Empa ho tšoana ho hoholo ho kopanya baemeli ba libaka tsohle. Tse ling ke tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa.
Monk tiiso. E khetha metsi a Leoatle la Mediterranean, ho fapana le beng ka Arctic. Batho ba baholo ba boima ba karolelano ea lik'hilograma tse 250, bolelele ba 'mele ke limithara tse 2-3. Bakeng sa' mala o bobebe oa mpa, o bitsoa mabanta a masoeu. Nakong e fetileng, sebaka sa bolulo se ne se koahetse Leoatle le Letšo, tiiso e fumanoe naheng ea naha ea rona, empa baahi ba fokotsehile. Lebopong la leoatle le futhumetseng ha ho na libaka tsa libaka tsa liphoofolo - tsohle li hahiloe ke motho. Moitlami o thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu. E amanang tiiso ea caribbean moitlami o se a ntse a ananeloa e le mofuta o seng o timetse.
Monk tiiso
Tiiso ea Crabeater. Phoofolo e anyesang e ile ea bitsoa ka lebaka la ho lemalla lijo. Tiiso e khetholloa ka molomo o moqotetsane, boholo ba 'mele o bohareng: bolelele ba bolelele ba 2,5 m, boima ba 250-300 kg. Li-crabeater li lula Antarctica, leoatle le ka boroa. Rookery hangata e hlophisoa holim'a lehloa le phaphametseng. Mefuta e mengata ka ho fetisisa.
Tšoaea crabeater
Letšoao le tloaelehileng. E fumanoa libakeng tse fapaneng Karolong e ka Leboea ea Lefatše ea Arctic: Russia, Scandinavia, Amerika Leboea. Ba lula metsing a lebopong, ha ba falle. Karolelano ea boima ba lik'hilograma tse 160-180, bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 180. Bosootho bo bofubelu bo busa har'a tse ling. Poaching e lebisitse tšosong ea ho timela ha mofuta ona.
Letšoao le tloaelehileng
Tiiso ea harepa. E nyane ka boholo - bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 170-180, boima ba eona e ka ba lik'hilograma tse 130. Banna ba khetholloa ka 'mala o khethehileng - moriri oa silevera, hlooho e ntšo, mola o lefifi ka sekele ho tloha mahetleng.
Tiiso ea harepa
Tiiso e metsero. Moemeli ea ikhethang oa liphoofolo tse anyesang, "qoaha" har'a lehloa. Lefifing, haufi le botšo, ho na le methalo ea selemo ho fihlela bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 15. Ke tse tona feela tse khetholloang ka seaparo se khanyang. Mebala e tšehali e batla e sa bonahale. Lebitso la bobeli la litiiso ke lionfish. Litiiso tsa Leboea li fumaneha Leoatleng la Tatar, Bering, Chukchi, maoatleng a Okhotsk.
Tiiso e metsero
Lengau la leoatleng. Letlalo le litšila, boitšoaro bo mabifi bo fane ka lebitso la sebatana. Tswala e kotsi e hlasela ditiiso tse nyane, empa diphenkhwini ke tatso e ratwang haholo ke lengau. Sebata se fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 4, boima ba lengau le leholo ho fihlela ho 600 kg. E fumanoa lebopong la Antarctica.
Lengau la leoatleng
Tlou ea Leoatleng. Lebitso le hatisa boholo ba phoofolo, bolelele ba 6.5 m, boima ba lithane tse 2,5, nko e kang kutu e tona. Li-subspecies tse ka leboea li lula lebopong la Amerika Leboea, li-subspecies tse ka boroa ho Antarctica.
Tlou ea Leoatleng
Leoatle hare (litelu tse litelu). Mariha, boima bo phahameng ba phoofolo e fepehileng hantle bo fihla ho 360 kg. Mmele o motona o bolelele ba 2,5 m. Mohlahare o matla o nang le meno a manyane. Phoofolo e nonneng haholo e lula fatše haufi le masoba, moeling oa likhahla tse qhibilihisitsoeng. Ba lula ba le bang. Motho ea nang le khotso.
Litelu tse litelu
Mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho
Kabo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea litiiso e bonoa libakeng tse ka tlasa lefatše, mabopong a Arctic le Antarctic. Mokhelo ke tiiso ea monk, e lulang metsing a futhumetseng a Mediterranean. Mefuta e meng e lula metsing a ka hare ho naha, ka mohlala, Letšeng la Baikal.
Ho falla nako e telele ha ho ikhethang ho litiiso. Ba lula metsing a lebopong, ba sesa ka metsing, ba latela libaka tse sa feleng. Ba tsamaea mobung ka boiteko, ho khasa, ka tšehetso maotong a ka pele. Ha li lemoha kotsi, li itahlela ka har'a lengana. Ba ikutloa ba itšepa ebile ba lokolohile ka metsing.
Tiiso ke phoofolo botsoalle. Ho bokellana ha lihlopha, kapa rookeries, ho theha lebopong la leoatle, holim'a leqhoa. Palo ea mehlape e ipapisitse le lintlha tse ngata, empa mekhatlo e mengata e nang le letsoalo le phahameng ha e tloaelehe bakeng sa litiiso. Batho ka bomong ba haufi, empa ba phomola, ba iphepa ntle ho beng ka bona. Kamano pakeng tsa bona e na le khotso. Nakong ea ho qhibilihisa, liphoofolo li thusa baahisani ba tsona ho tlosa boea ba khale - li ingoaea mekokotlo.
Litiiso tsa Baikal li lula letsatsing ke beng ka tsona
Liphoofolo tse rapameng rookery li bonahala li se na mathata. Ba buisana ka lipontšo tse khuts'oane tsa molumo, tse ts'oanang le ho qhekella kapa ho tšeha. Tiisa medumo ka linako tse fapaneng li na le mantsoe a itseng. Ka mehlape, mantsoe a liphoofolo a kopana le lerata le akaretsang, haholoholo lebopong, moo leqhubu la leoatle le otlang teng.
Ka linako tse ling seletsa sa litiiso se tšoana le ho lla ha likhomo. Mohoo o phahameng ka ho fetisisa o etsoa ke litiiso tsa litlou. Matšoao a kotsi a tletse li-alamo, mohala oa mme bakeng sa masea o utloahala o phehella, o halefile. Tlhaloso, maqhubu, letoto la ho pheta-pheta li na le moelelo o khethehileng puisanong e sebetsang ea liphoofolo.
Litiiso ha li robale hantle. Ha ba le fatše, ba lula ba le hlokolosi, ka metsing ba robala ka ho tseka nako e khuts'oane, nako le nako ba nyolohela holimo ho tlatsa phepelo ea moea.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Lijo tsa liqibi li ipapisitse le baahi ba metsing: li-mollusk, makhala, li-octopus, squid, crustaceans tse kholo. Boholo ba lijo ke litlhapi: smelt, Arctic cod, capelin, navaga, herring. Mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tse anyesang e na le likhakanyo tse itseng.
Litlhapi ke lijo tsa mantlha tsa liqibi
Mohlala, tiiso ea crabeater e ile ea reoa lebitso la eona bakeng sa makhala ho feta baahi ba bang ba metsing; bakeng sa tiard ea lengau, penguin e tla ba monate. Litiiso li metsa phofu e nyane ntle le ho e hlafuna. Tiiso - leoatle bonyollo, e seng bo khethileng haholo ka lijo, kahoo majoe a koetsoeng a fihlang ho 10 kg a bokelloa ka mpeng ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo.
Ho hlahisa le nako ea bophelo
Litiiso li tsoala hang ka selemo. Boholo ba liphoofolo tse anyesang ka lapeng la litiiso tsa 'nete li etsa lipara tse sa feleng. Litiiso tse sefahleho se telele le litiiso tsa litlou li nyala sethepu.
Qetellong ea lehlabula, nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e qalisoa ha tse tona li qothisana lehlokoa le tse tšehali. Liphoofolo tse ratang khotso li fetoha bahlabani ba khonang ho ba mabifi ho sera. Ts'ebetso ea lefereho, ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo ho etsahala metsing a leoatle, tsoalo ea masea - leqhoeng.
Bokhachane ba basali bo nka hoo e ka bang selemo, ho tloha matsatsing a 280 ho isa ho 350. Lesea le leng lea hlaha, le holile ka botlalo, le bona hantle, 'me le qetelle le entsoe. Bolelele ba 'mele oa lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa bo ka ba 1 m, boima ba eona ke 13 kg. Lesea la lesea e tsoaloa hangata ka letlalo le lesoeu, boea bo botenya. Empa ho na le litiiso tse sa tsoa tsoaloa eseng tse tšoeu feela, empa hape le sootho ka 'mala oa mohloaare, mohlala, litiiso tse litelu.
Ha lesea le sa khone ho felehetsa 'm'a lona maetong a leoatle, o qeta nako a le leqhoeng le hoholehang. E tšehali e fepa lesea ka lebese le mafura ka khoeli e le 'ngoe. Joale o ima hape. Ha phepo ea mme e fela, batho ba holileng tiiso e tšoeu ha e so lokele bophelo bo ikemetseng.
Liprotheine le lipolokelo tsa mafura li u lumella ho tšoarella nakoana. Nako ea tlala e nka libeke tse 9 ho isa ho tse 12 ha phoofolo e ntse e itokisetsa maeto a eona a pele a batho ba baholo. Nako ea ho hola malinyane ke e kotsi ka ho fetisisa maphelong a bona. E tšehali ha e khone ho sireletsa lesea la eona fats'e ka lebaka la ho se mamele, ha e atlehe ho ipata ka mokoting ka tiiso.
Tiiso e tshehadi le ledinyane la hae
'Mè o pata makumane a sa tsoa tsoaloa har'a li-hummock tsa leqhoa, mekoting ea lehloa, hore ho se be motho ea bonang lesea le lesoeu. Empa sekhahla se shoang sa malinyane a tiiso, joalo ka ha litiiso tse nyane li bitsoa, se holimo haholo ka lebaka la ho tsoma hampe. Batho ha ba boloke bophelo ba masea, hobane boea ba bona bo botenya bo bonahala bo rateha ho bona. Mefuta e ka boroa ea liqibi tse lulang maemong a Antarctic ha li bolokehe lireng tse lefatšeng. Empa sera sa bona se seholo se lalla ka metsing - li-whale tse bolaeang, kapa maruarua a bolaeang.
Ho ikatisa ha litiiso tse litsebe, ho fapana le mefuta ea 'nete, ho etsahala lihlekehlekeng tse ipatileng, libaka tse mabopong a leoatle. Tse tona li nka libaka tseo, kamora ho hlaha, li tsoelang pele ho li sireletsa. Tse tshehadi di tswala masea fatshe nakong ya leqhubu le tlase. Kamora lihora tse 'maloa, ka ponahalo ea metsi, lesea le se le ntse le khona ho sesa.
Tiiso e mametsoeng maemong a matle e lula e le haufi le rookery selemo ho pota. Khōlo ea thobalano ea litiiso tsa basali e hlaha lilemo tse ka bang 3, banna - ka lilemo tse 6-7. Bophelo ba litiiso tsa basali maemong a tlhaho bo nka lilemo tse ka bang 30-35, banna ba tlase ka lilemo tse 10. Ho khahlisang, lilemo tsa tiiso e shoeleng li ka khethoa ke palo ea didikadikwe ho latela manaka a eona.
Phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, liphetoho tsa naha, ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse seng molaong li fokotsa palo ea liphoofolo tse makatsang tse lulang lefatšeng. Ponahalo e masene ea litiiso tse neng li lula ka leoatleng ho tloha mehleng ea khale, joalo ka ha eka li lebisitsoe lefatšeng ka mokhoa o nyelisang.
