Liphoofolo tse makatsang tsa lelapa la marten li fetohile khauta e bonolo ea Russia. Botle ba boea ba phoofolo bo fetohile bomalimabe ba hae. Lifantising tsohle tsa boea, matlalo a rekisoa ka tlasa hamore ka sekotoana sa lidolara tse sekete. ka hona Sable ke phoofolo kena Buka e khubelu.
Sable e majabajaba e bontšoa liaparong tsa litoropo tsa Siberia, le liaparong tsa mabatooa a libaka tsa Novosibirsk, Tyumen le Sverdlovsk.
Tlhaloso le likarolo
Phoofolo e lebelo, e lebelo e lula morung o teteaneng. Haeba u kenella hare merung ea phaene, u ka fumana mesaletsa ea hae, 'me haeba u lehlohonolo, e tla ba monna ea motle ka ho fetesisa. E bile letšoao la Siberia ka makholo a lilemo a mangata. Matlalo a chekiloeng a ne a nkuoa e le chelete bakeng sa lilemo tse ngata mme a tsamaea le chelete kapa ho fapana le eona.
Marena a Europe a ile a fumana lihlahisoa ho tsoa boea ba sable e le mpho e tsoang ho tsar ea Russia. Hona joale sebatana se thathamisitsoe bukeng e khubelu, mme khoebo e se e falletse mapolasing a mehlape. Russia ke eona feela mofani oa thepa ea sable lefatšeng. Ho fihlela lekholong la leshome le metso e robong la lilemo, ho tsoma phoofolo ho fihlile ho batho ba 200,000.
Ho hlokahala matlalo a fetang lekholo bakeng sa seaparo sa boea. Boleng ba letlalo la boea bo batla bo khanna sable hore e nyamele. Ka nako e itseng, ho tsoma ho ne ho thibetsoe ka ho felletseng, liphoofolo li ne li rueloa mehloli, li lula libakeng tsa tsona tsa pele.
Ba bangata ba tšoenyehile ka potso ena sable e shebahala joang, re tla leka ho fana ka karabo ka tlase. Bolelele ba phoofolo ke lisenthimithara tse 45-56, mohatla o boea o ka fihla ho cm e 20. Boima ba 'mele bo tloha ho 1.1 ho isa ho 1.8 kg.
Molaleng o bohale, ke ka hona hlooho e nang le sebopeho se bopehileng joaloka chesele. Mokokotlo o koalehile ka thata hobane maoto a makhuts'oane haholo. Boea nakong ea mariha bo teteaneng haholo, bo boreleli esita le marameng, lipakeng le manala, hlabula lehlabula, 'me phoofolo e ba mpe. 'Mala o khetholloa ka mola o motle o lefifi bohareng ba mokokotlo, o bobebe ho ea mahlakoreng le mpeng.
Mefuta
Mefuta e leshome le metso e robong ea lelapa la marten e lula Russia. Sable e khethollotsoe ke boea bo mabothobotho, ka hona li-furriers li e khetholla ka ho fetisisa ka mofuta:
- Khomo ea Barguzinsky - mong'a boea bo mabothobotho ka ho fetesisa ba 'mala o lefifi oa kofi le moriri o moputsoa. O nkuoa e le morena oa sables - hang fantising, ho fanoe ka lidolara tse 1000 bakeng sa letlalo la hae;
- Yenisei sable - letlalo le bobebe, empa boea boa lekana ebile bo benya;
- Sable ea Canada - boleng ba boea bo lekoa ke baqapi e le bo sa khotsofatseng, bo fang phoofolo monyetla oa ho phela ntle le ho khahlisa litsomi;
- Sable ea Altai - 'mala oa letlalo ho tloha bosootho bo lefifi ho isa mosehla o khanyang
- Sable ea Tobolsk - e bobebe ka ho fetisisa mofuteng, hape e na le boea ba bohlokoa;
- Kuznetsky - 'mala o bohareng, lipakeng tsa Tobolsk le Altaic;
- Ke ka seoelo haholo morung o fumanehang sable e tšoeu, li-furriers li e nka e le ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, ba e lefella chelete e ngata;
- Bochabela ba Urals bo lula Kidus - lebasetere la marten le sable.
Baahi ba mefuta ena Russia kajeno ke batho ba limilione tse 1.5. Litsomi li kotula matlalo a halofo ea milione selemo le selemo.
Mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho
Ho tloha ho Urals, haufi le Yenisei, ho pholletsa le Siberia ho ea Leoatleng la Pacific, ho na le mefuta e fapaneng sable sable... U ka e bona Mongolia, Korea Leboea, libakeng tse ling tsa China. Ho fihlela lekholong la leshome le metso e robong la lilemo, e ne e fumaneha Karelia, Linaheng tsa Baltic, Finland le bophirima ho Poland. Tlhokahalo e kholo ea matlalo a bohlokoa e lebisitse ho senngweng ha meru e mengata.
Meru e meng e lahlehetsoe ke baahi kaofela; e nyametse. Lekholong la leshome le metso e robong la lilemo, boea bo romeloang kantle ho naha bo ne bo fana ka karolo ea tau ea lekhetho la mmuso. 1916 - 20-30 lisabole li ile tsa sala, tse neng li kenyelletsa thibelo ea mefuta eohle ea ho ntšoa ha matlalo a bohlokoa.
Qalong ea lekholo la mashome a mabeli la lilemo - maeto a romeloa Siberia le Kamchatka ho ea ithuta sebaka seo le maemo a ho theha polokelo ho boloka baahi ba sable e ikhethang ea Barguzin. Nalane e ba bolokile e le "maeto a sable."
Hlooho ea khoebo e ne e le G.G Doppelmair, bo-rasaense ba ne ba sebetsa kantle feela, maemo a ne a le thata haholo. Meeli e hlalositsoeng ea pokello e nang le sebaka sa lihekthere tse 500,000 matsoapong a phula ea Barguzinsky e ntse e le khubu ea sebaka se sirelelitsoeng. Qalong ea nalane ea nalane ea lilemo le phetohelo, baiketetsi ba ile ba etsa mosebetsi o moholohali, litholoana tseo re li kotulang ho fihlela kajeno.
Barguzinsky Biosphere Reserve, moo masabole a sirelelitsoeng tlasa Molao oa Mefuta e Kotsing ea Tlhaho, ke polokelo ea tlhaho e phethahetseng - maemo a tlhaho. Tšusumetso ea anthropogenic tšimong e nyane haholo. Sable o phela ka bolokolohi mme o hola a bolokehile, a bolokehile.
Hona joale ba mo tsoma ka sethunya sa lifoto, ba fana ka pase ho etela polokelo. Sebaka sa polokelo se etselitsoe lipatlisiso tsa mahlale le tsa bophelo ba liphoofolo. Bo-rasaense ba Academy of Sciences ba ithuta ka botlalo mekhoa le lipotoloho tsa tlhaho ea phoofolo, ba fana ka likhothaletso mabapi le paballo e nepahetseng ea mofuta ona.
Sable e nkuoa e le phoofolo ea lefats'e, leha e le moahi taiga, phoofolo ho hloa lifate hantle. O tsamaea libaka tse fihlang ho li-kilometara tse 'ne ka letsatsi, mme lilemo tse omeletseng li mo qobella ho matha ho fihla ho 10 km ho ea batla lijo.
E lula merung ea coniferous: phaene, kedare, meru ea phaene. Mekhalo ea lifate tse remiloeng e loketse liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo ho etsa mekoti, ho feta mariha le ho ikatisa.
Ba e hlophisa ka hloko ka ho e koahela ka boriba le makhasi a ommeng, ntloana e hole le sehlaha. O tšoaea sebaka se mo potileng, a behe litsela tsa hae hore ho se be motho osele ea tla tsoma linthong tsa hae. Mafika a majoe hape ke libaka tsa bolulo ba liphoofolo.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Phoofolo ea Sable e makatsang, e ja liprotheine le lijo tsa limela. Ke sebatana, kahoo lijo tsa hae li na le:
- Linonyana - hangata li-grouse tsa lehong, li-hazel grouse, grouse e ntšo, empa li ka ts'oasa tse ling, linonyana - sena se etsahala ka linako tse ling, ha u le lehlohonolo;
- Litoeba tse kang litoeba - li-voles tse bofubelu bo bofubelu, li-pikas;
- Li-squirrel - limilione tse 'maloa tsa tsona li jeoa ke liphoofolo tse li jang ka selemo;
- Li-chipmunks tse nyane le li-hares.
Ho tsoa ho litlatsetso tsa litlama, o ja linate tsa phaene, monokotsoai - li-blueberries, li-lingonberry, molora oa thaba, rose letheka, currants. Mekoti e tsoma morung ka shoalane, ka linako tse ling motšehare. Se ke oa tsotella ho ja litlhapi nakong ea selemo, ha litlhapi li ea ho tsoala. O e ja kamora 'otter kapa bere, hobane, ka lebaka la boholo ba eona bo bonyenyane, eena ka boeena ha se sets'oants'o se hloahloa haholo.
Mariha, e ka iphepa ka setopo, kapa ea lema lijo, ea e tebisa ka tlas'a lehloa. Phoofolo e ka ba phofu ea sephooko, bere kapa marten. Linonyana tse kholo - lintsu kapa liphakoe le tsona ha li hloee ho ja lesea le monate.
Phoofolo e na le bahlolisani ba lijo - tsena ke li-weasel tsa Siberia le ermine, hape li tsoma litoeba tse kang litoeba. Haeba liphoofolo tsena li lula sebakeng se le seng, lintoa tse matla tsa libaka tsa lehae li ba teng har'a tsona.
Ho hlahisa le nako ea bophelo
Ka tlhokomelo e ntle, lisables li ka phela lilemo tse 20, empa li ikatisa ho fihlela lilemo tse 15 feela, ka hona ha li bolokoe mapolasing nako e telele. O phela ka tlhaho lilemo tse 8-10.
Tse tshehadi di khetha balekane ba tsona pele ho nako, ho tlolelana le e tona e le 'ngoe feela bohareng ba lehlabula. Bakopi ba bang ba khannoa ke mokhethoa, lintoa tse matla li qalisoa ho fihlela balateli ba bang ba khutlela morao. Tse tona li lula le e tšehali nako e telele, li tlisa lijo ha li sa khone ho tsoma mothating oa ho qetela oa bokhachane.
Ba tsamaea haeba eena ka boeena a mo leleka pele a beleha. Bokhachane bo nka likhoeli tse 9 ho isa ho tse 10, mme oa moimana o rala sehlaha ka boea, boriba, joang bo ommeng bo bonolo. Lair e hlomella hole le bolulo ba batho. Malinyane a le leng ho isa ho a supileng a boima ba ligrama tse 30 a hlaha.
Bakeng sa likhoeli tse peli tse qalang ba ja lebese la bo-mme feela, ebe ba batla lijo tse ling. E tšehali e ea le tsona, e qala ho li ruta ho tsoma le ho ba motho e moholo. Haeba phoofolo e kholo e le kotsing, 'm'e o fallisetsa sehlaha sebakeng se seng.
Ka sebete o sireletsa matlakala a hae, o hlasela liphoofolo tse kholo ho mo feta, ebile o hanyetsa ntja. Qetellong ea lehlabula, malinyane a fumana matla, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hasana ka lehlakoreng la eona, bakeng sa bophelo bo ikemetseng, 'me e tšehali e qala mokhoa o latelang. Khōlo ea thobalano ho libopuoa tse boea e hlaha ka lilemo tse tharo, ho hlaha leshano ka Hlakubele.
Tlhokomelo ea polasi
Ho hotle ho qeta mohato oa pele oa ho theha polasi le motho ea nang le boiphihlelo khoebong e joalo. Khetha sebaka se haufi le moru, se sirelelitsoeng moeeng, leha se se na phetoho e matla. Hlomella terata ho
Pele o qala khoebo ea ho ikatisa, o lokela ho buisana le 'muelli oa molao, hobane melao e fana ka thekiso ea matlalo ho likhoebo tsa mmuso feela. Haeba mohoebi ea sa tsebeng letho a rekisa boea ho motho ea ikemetseng, ho tla be ho le khahlano le molao.
khetholla ho kenella ha liphoofolo tse hlaha ka jareteng. Fana ka motlakase, likhoerekhoere, metsi. Mohlahisi o hlophisa masaka a koetsoeng kapa masaka bakeng sa ho boloka tsehali le tse tona ka thoko. Ka hokong kapa ka tlung, kamore e arotsoe bakeng sa mokoti oo malinyane a tla ba ho ona. Nakong ea morusu, liphoofolo li lutse hammoho, li shebile boits'oaro - batho ba sa batleng ho nyalana ba lahloa ebe ba ea matlalong nakong ea hoetla.
Liphoofolo li rekoa mapolasing likhoeli tse 'maloa pele li hohla' me li lula ka bobeli, li shebile bokhoni ba bashanyana ba ho matha. Batho ba khethiloeng ba fapaneng ba tšoauoa, ba fa nomoro e 'ngoe le e' ngoe 'me ba lula polasing ho fumana bana. Linomoro li fuoa basali le tse sa tloaelehang ho banna, joalo ka ha ho tloaetse temong ea boea.
Bahlahisi ba ts'episang ka ho fetesisa ba fumana phasepoto, ba boloka litloholo tsa bona li fihla molokong oa boraro. Khōlo e nyane e holileng e lenngoe liseleng tse arohaneng. Ho fumana boea ba boleng bo holimo, li fepuoa hantle ka nama ea 'mutla, likhoho le nama ea khomo. Eketsa monokotsoai, litholoana, lijo-thollo.
Ka lebaka la tlhoko e phahameng ea boea ba sable, mapolasi a hlomelitsoeng hantle a hlahisa chelete e ngata ho beng ba ona. Ho qala feela, ho lekane ho ba le liphoofolo tse 50, ho hlomella polasi ka har'a naha, e leng ho tla fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa khiriso.
Theko ea phoofolo e phelang ke $ 200-500. Selemo sa pele e tla ba litšenyehelo feela, empa ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea selemo, mehlape e tla imena hararo. Qetellong ea selemo sa bobeli, letlalo lea hlajoa ebe lea rekisoa.
Ho khothalletsoa ho rekisa ka k'hamphani ea kabo ea boea. Ka linako tse ling mapolasi a mmuso a fallisetsa liphoofolo libakeng tsa tsona ho boloka baahi. Sena se thusa ho sireletsa liphoofolo phelisong.
Likahare tsa lapeng
Haeba u nka sable e nyane haholo ea lebese, u ka e etsa ka phoofolo ea lapeng. O bonolo ho thapisoa, feela o hloka ho hlomella sebaka sa lipapali, mohlala, foranteng kapa kamore e arohaneng e nang le marang-rang. Hoa hlokahala ho reka lipapali tsa polasetiki, phoofolo e tla hloka ho bapala le eona.
Re tla sebelisana hantle le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Fepa ka litšila tsa nama, lijo-thollo, lijo-thollo, ho eketsa liminerale le livithamini. O ka fa likatse kapa lintja lijo. Setsi sa Cytology le Genetics se sebetsa ka ho rua sable ea Altai, ka sepheo sa ho boloka palo ea batho le mefuta ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa mofuta ona.
Ba ile ba etsa 'mapa oa liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta eohle e ajoang naheng ea Russia, e nang le matšoao a libaka tsa libaka tse ahiloeng.
Sable e ruuoang malapeng e eketsoa litsing tsa baahi ba mofuta o hlaha, libakeng tse sa luleng batho. Sena se tlisa litholoana tsa ho eketsa palo ea sebata.
