Shrike ke nonyana. Tlhaloso, likarolo, mefuta, mokhoa oa bophelo le bolulo ba shrike

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Nonyana e nyane ea mofuta o fetang e ala molumo oa melodi, e kenella pina ka melumo e lerata kapa e lerata. Ho lla le ho bapala ho natefisitsoe ka mefuta e fapaneng ea ho bina, empa enoa ke sebini se le seng - ha u sheba hantle, u ka bona setulo se batlang se eme hantle fokotseha.

Tlhaloso le likarolo

Sekhahla se tsoa taelong ea bafeta ka tsela. Ka chebahalo, nonyana ena e ka nkoa e le ea poho, empa ha e hlahlojoa ka hloko e na le molomo o matla oa phakoe, e leng bopaki bo hlakileng ba sepheo sa eona. Ke sebata, ka lebaka la boholo ba eona bo itekanetseng le 'mala o ipatileng, ho bonolo hore e ka nyonyobela phofu ea eona.

Mohopolo oa nonyana e jang nama le nonyana ea lipina esale o fapana, empa tlhaho e phethetse litalenta ka bobeli ho nonyana e nyane, lelapa la bafeta ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ntle le melemo e meng, pina shrike e na le bokhoni bo botle ba bonono, e makatsa bamameli ka li-roulade tse fapaneng, e kopitsa ho bina ha linonyana tse ling.

Mamela lentsoe la shrike

Shikoko e ka sutumetsa sephooko ho tsoa lekaleng feela bakeng sa boithabiso, kapa ho soma phakoe, e sa natse kotsi.

Mofuta o mosa haholo - ho na le maqhama a matla ka hara lelapa - lia tšehetsana, li a sireletsa ho liphoofolo tse jang tse ling tse kholo. Empa li mabifi haholo ho mefuta e meng, karolo ea bobeli ea lebitso: "beha" ho tsoa lentsoeng la Slavic "beha" - ho khanna. O khanna ea hae le ba bang haufi le eena, ntle le mefuta e menyenyane, e loketseng phofu.

E ke ke ea hlokomoloha phakoe, sephooko, makhohlo, bahlolisani bohle ba ketane ea lijo. Lebitso la Selatine "ekscubitor" le bolela molebeli kapa molebeli, molebeli ea sa tsotelleng o tla thabela ho senya ho tsoma linonyana kapa liphoofolo tse ling, a lemose haholo ka kotsi e tlang.

Molomo o teteaneng, o hatelletsoeng hamorao, molomo o tšabehang o kang oa hakisi, o eka sebatana se ipatileng ka mora ponahalo e ntle e fetang. Birdie ha e na manala a bohale a ho loana, leha e khona ho jara phofu e ts'oeroeng, e e ts'oere ka maoto a eona.

Mefuta

Karl Linay ka 1780 bukeng "System of Nature" o ile a hlalosa le ho hlalosa mefuta ea shrike. Pele ho mona, litsebi tsa tlhaho li ne li mo bitsa magpie a boputsoa bo boputsoa, ​​boka ba bokae. Beng ka bona ba haufi-ufi ke lelapa la li-corvids.

Mefuta e robong e phela, sehlaha le ho ikatisa Russia.

  • Japane shrike (Lanius Bucephalus), mahlakore a khubelu, letheba le lesoeu ka mokokotlong, e entsoe ka mpa ea sekoli;

  • Nkoe (Lanius tigrinus), boholo bo tloaelehileng, mokokotlo o mosoeu, letšoao le letšo mahlong, mpa e litšila e bohlooho, e tšehali e shebahala e inyenyefalitse - 'mala oa masiba o lerootho;

  • Hlooho e hlooho e khubelu (Lanius senator), mokokotlo o motšo, hlooho e bosootho bo bofubelu, ho na le methalo e sephara e tšoeu mahetleng;

Mamela lentsoe la hlooho e khubelu:

  • Sekhahla se sefahleho se ntšo (Lanius e monyane), e ka tlase ho ea bohlooho ka boholo, phatla e pharalletse haholo ka letheba le letšo, tlase e tšoeu ka 'mala o mopinki, e fapana le beng ka eona ka sefofane se kang sa leqhubu;

Mamela lentsoe la shrike e sefahleho se ntšo:

  • Shrey shrike (Lanius eckubitor), phatla e bobebe, mohatla o mokhuts'oane, mola o motšo o mathang ka mahlo, mpeng o mosoeu;

Mamela lentsoe la shrike e bohlooho:

  • Wedge-tailed (Lanius sphenocercus), ha e bapisoa le mefuta e meng, nonyana e kholo, mohatla o molelele o bōpehileng joaloka chesele, metopa e mesoeu mapheong le mahetleng;

  • Siberia Shrike (Lanius cristatus), e haufi haholo shrike kinsmanbao e leng ba taelo ea bafeta ka tsela, hlooho le mohatla li sootho, mpa e koahetsoe ke paterone e putsoa ea letlalo;

Mamela lentsoe la shrike ea Siberia:

  • Red-tailed shrike (Lanius phoenikuroides), mohatla o mofubelu o khanyang, 'mele oa lehlabathe;

Mamela lentsoe la mohatla o mofubelu:

  • Shrike Shrike Tloaelehileng, (Lanius collurio) e fapana le Siberia ka 'mala o moputsoa o bobebe oa mohatla le hlooho, mokokotlo ke moriti oa li-chestnut, mahlo a batsho.

Mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho

Sebaka sa kabo ea mefuta ena ke sebaka sa lebanta le futhumetseng le le katlase ho lefatše la hemisphere e ka leboea, ho tloha morung oa tundra ka leboea ho ea masabasabeng a ka boroa. Sebaka sa bolulo se fetela ho 50th parallel.

  • Bolelele ba 'mele 24-38 cm;
  • Wingspan 30-34cm;
  • Boima ba ligrama tse 50-80.

Habitat Russia: ho tloha Volga ho ea fihla maralleng a Ural e ka boroa, mathomong a ka boroa a taiga ea Siberia, haufi le Yenisei, e fumanehang Bashkiria. Li-subspecies tsa meru-steppe li lula libakeng tsa Ryazan, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kaluga, Lipetsk. Sebaka sa Moscow le tikoloho ea eona le eona e na le lisebelisoa tsa moru bakeng sa ho hohela linonyana libakeng tsa sehlaha. Mefuta ea Russia e nkuoa e le bo-hloma-u-hlomole, 'me e ka boroa ea falla.

Nakong ea lifofane, e etsahala haufi le libaka tsa bolulo tsa batho, leha birdie e tšaba, e qoba ho kopana le motho. Mefuta ea bo-hloma-u-hlomole - ba linonyana tse fallang ka hoetla le mariha ba ea boroa, ba emisa mariha libakeng tse ka boroa tsa Ukraine, India, Africa - motsamao oa bo-hloma-u-hlomole o tsoela pele ho tloha ka Mphalane ho isa Hlakubele.

Europe e na le batho ba ka bang 250 - 400 ba likete. Sekhahla se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa linonyana har'a Seukraine-Belarusian Polesye, ke mona moo ho bonoang katoloso e kholo ea sebaka sa sehlaha. Li fofa ka mehlape kapa ka bonngoe. Bolulo le libaka tsa ho haha ​​li koahela Amerika Leboea, Asia, Afrika Leboea.

Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve ke sebaka sa mariha sa mofuta ona Kamchatka. Libaka tseo linonyana li li ratang haholo li lifateng tse telele, moqhaka o teteaneng ho thata ho e hlokomela, empa o ka khahloa ke ho bina ka linako tsohle, hobane li-tropical sonor li lula li utluoa har'a botala. Ha e utloa motho, nonyana e ke ke ea fofa, e tla fofela sebakeng se seng feela.

Phepo e nepahetseng

Boholo bo itekanetseng bo sebelitse hantle, ho nyoloha ho khutsitse, ntle le ho hohela tlhokomelo e ngata, ho oela lipakeng tsa lirobele tse sa lebelloang. Ha ho motho ea mo tsotellang, ha a ntse a khetha serobele butle-butle bakeng sa lijo tsa motšehare, a hasanya motho ea futsanehileng. Lirobele lia hasana, empa phofu e se e ntse e le molomong oa eona.

Leano leo sebatana se le ratang ka ho fetesisa ke ho sheba lijo, ho tloha sefateng se selelele, ebe se matha ka hlooho ka lebelo le otlolohileng. Haeba phofu e na le nako ea ho fofa hampe, e mo ts'oara ka potlako e matha sebakeng se bataletseng.

O ts'oasa linonyana ka mokhoa o phethahetseng - setsomi se na le takatso e matla hoo se phamolang serobele, leha se le ka tlasa letsoho la motho, ha a leka ka matla ho baleha. Ho kena ka letlooeng la ho cheha hammoho le mohope, ha ho emise, ho tsoela pele ho hlokofatsa papali e ts'oeroeng.

Shike e isa phofu ea eona libakeng tseo e li ratang bakeng sa ho jella, hangata sehlahla se meutloa se nang le meutloa kapa makala a bohale. Motsomi o e hlaba ka moutloa, a e tabola ka molomo oa eona o bohale. Lebaka leo a sebetsang ka lona ka tsela ena, litsebi tsa baeloji ha li na tlhaloso e tobileng. Ke kamoo baemeli ba mefuta eohle ea li-shrike act ba amohetseng lebitso la mefuta ea bona: Lanius - butcher.

Shrike ke nonyana e jang nama e khonang ho hlasela esita le lirobele

Ha lilemo tsa kotulo li fihla, makala ohle kahare ho lehae la lesholu a fanyehiloe ka setoko sa litoeba kapa linonyana. Nako e otlolohileng - ho na le matlalo le masiba feela. Ho tiisa joalo ho thusa ho sebetsana habonolo le papali e ts'oeroeng, ho tlama meutloa ho ke ke ha e lumella ho thella kapa ho oela lekaleng.

Joalo ka ha linonyana li ruta malinyane a tsona ho fofa, ho tsoma, melumo e joalo e ruta moloko o mocha ho hlaba phofu ea meutloa. Ho ithuta ha ho bonolo, empa mamello e tlisa litholoana. Ntle le linonyana tse nyane, shrike e tloaelehileng tsoasa:

  • Liphoofolo tsa bona tse anyesang: litoeba tsa morine - li-voles, li-shrews, likhoto tse nyane;
  • Mekholutsoane ea li-nimble, lihohoana
  • Ho tlalehiloe linyeoe tsa ho tsoma bo-'mankhane;
  • Likokoanyana tsa Hymenoptera le Orthoptera (May beetle, beetle, weevil);
  • Lirurubele tsa Mayfly bakeng sa ho fepa bana;
  • Likhofu, liboko tsa lefatše, likho.

Ka linako tse ling a ka ts'oasa nonyana e kholo ho mo feta, hlabula ba ja menokotšoai, plums, lifeiga. E fofa ka limithara tse 400-500 kamora lijo, e ntse e fofela phofu e tšoailoeng.

Ho hlahisa le nako ea bophelo

Liketsahalo tse ikhethileng tsa ho ikatisa botlamuoeng lia tsejoa.

Selemo se le seng ke nako ea bocha, bophelo ba lelapa boa qala. Sekhahla se tloaelehileng ke ea mofuta o le mong, nako ea sehlaha ka Mmesa - Phupu. Mefuta e metle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa sehlaha ke mekhoabo, makhulo a metsi a nang le lihlahla tse ngata kapa lihlahla tse le 'ngoe.

Hape lihlaha ha ho hlatsoa meru, mello, libaka tse rengoang kapa merung ea meru. Lihlaha li hlophisoa lihlahleng kapa lifateng, ho khethoa lekala le motenya. Mefuta e fapaneng e haha ​​matlo bophahamong bo fapaneng, ho tloha ho limithara tse peli ho isa ho tse robong ka holim'a lefats'e. Khafetsa lihlaha li sebelisoa lilemo tse 'maloa ka tatellano, li li lokisetsa selemo.

Pina ea ho tlolelana ha monate e monate, e monate, 'me e na le tatellano e rarahaneng ea li-trill le li-trill, leha e tona e na le lillo tse hlabang, liloli, li penya ho lelekisa sera. Mohlankana o khumamela eo a mo khethileng, o hooa, oa bina, o ipatile har'a moqhaka oa sefate, ebe o qala ho fofa ka mokhoa o nyelisang.

Banyalani le bona ba nka karolo ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ho ikatiseng, ke likarolo tsa bona feela tse fapaneng. E tona e hlokomela e tšehali, e mo binela lipina tse monate, e khetha sebaka sa sehlaha, e beha makala a 'maloa a maholo botlaaseng.

Haeba lefereho le amoheloa, e tšehali e ntse e tsoela pele ho aha sehlaha ho ea pele, e eketsa makala, makhasi a joang. Phello ke baskete e nonneng, e beha bohareng boea ba liphoofolo tse fofileng le masiba a linonyana. Sehahi se nang le mapheo se beha bokaholimo ba sehlaha ka joang bo botala, mohlomong bakeng sa ho ikhakanya kapa botle.

Buisana le monyali mme ba behela mahe. Hangata mahe a beheloa halofong ea bobeli ea Mmesa le Mots'eanong, ka linako tse ling mahe a behiloeng ka Phuptjane a fumanoa, ho bonahala a beoa hape sebakeng sa ho utsoa ke sebatana. 'Mala oa mahe o soeufetse ka matheba a sootho a hasaneng.

Lilemo tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa li tlalehiloe ke li-ornithologists ho la Slovakia. E lekana le lilemo tse tšeletseng.

Khoeli e latelang e qeta ho qhotsa mahe. Clutch hangata e na le mahe a 5-7, hangata 8 - 9, poloko e nka matsatsi a 15. Ntate o ntse a iphumanela lijo le mosali oa hae. Litsuonyana li qhotsoa li foufetse, li hoeleseha hanyane haufi le libarele. Molomo ka hare ke oa lamunu, o khanyang, ho hohela tlhokomelo ea batsoali.

Ba fepa bana ba bona ka mafolofolo libeke tse tharo. Litsuonyana li tloha sehlaheng li le lilemo li 18 - 20 matsatsi, 'me kamora libeke tse ling tse peli li ikemela ka botlalo. Ka Phuptjane, u se u ntse u ka bona linonyana tsa pele tse fofang, empa ha li ee hole le batsoali ba tsona.

Ho fihlela nakong ea hoetla, ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho sebelisa lijo tse tlatselletsang tsa batsoali, ho fihlela nako ea ho bokana ka mehlape e mengata. Ho ile ha bonoa linyeoe ha halofo ea litsuonyana e ikopanya le mme, halofo e 'ngoe e ikopanya le ntate.

Shrike tsuonyana

Nomoro shrike linonyana e fokotseha ka potlako ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha libaka tse se nang mesebetsi ea temo, ts'ebeliso ea palo e kholo ea chefo e bolaeang likokonyana. Ho boloka mefuta ena, ho a hlokahala ho boloka sebaka se loketseng linonyana tse behelang lihlaha, thibelo ea ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale lebaleng la temo, le ho hlahisoa ha mekhoa ea paballo ea tlhaho.

Sebaka sa Oksky Reserve se nka karolo ho ithuteng ka libaka tsa bolulo le ho fallisoa ha mefuta, ts'ireletso ea meru, palo ea baahi ba shrike e putsoa ke lipara tse 50 ho lihekthere tse 230. Katleho ea sehlaha libakeng tsa boithuto ke 58%.

Libaka tse ling tse sirelelitsoeng tsa sehlaha li sebakeng sa polokelo ea tlhaho sa Kandalaksha, Laplandsky, Central-Lesnoy. Ba etsa boithuto bo shebiloeng ba sebaka sa mefuta ea limela, ho lekola libaka tsa ka mehla tsa sehlaha, le ho ithuta lintlha tse amanang le tsona.

Shrike e thathamisitsoe ho Red Data Book ho khutlisetsa baahi

Shrike e sirelelitsoe ke Red Data Book of Russia, European Community for Environmental Protection. Kopano ea Berne e kenyelelitse ho Sehlomathiso No. 2 tumellano lipakeng tsa Russia le India mabapi le ts'ireletso ea linonyana tse fallang, ho kenyeletsoa le shrike e putsoa, ​​mohatla o motšo, nkoe, lehlaka la Siberia.

Motho o lokela ho hlokomela tlhaho e haufi, a nke karolo mokhatlong oa ho boloka mefuta e kotsing. Metseng ea sechaba ea balebeli ba linonyana, meru le bahlokomeli ba lipapali ba hlokomela ho ntlafatsa libaka tsa meru le ho khutlisa linonyana tse kotsing.Shrike setšoantšong e shebahala joalo ka nonyana e se nang kotsi e nang le khotso.

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