Ba-Inca ba ne ba lumela hore vicuña e ne e le ho tsoaloa hangata ha ngoananyana ea ileng a amohela kape ea khauta e hloekileng, mpho e tsoang ho morena oa khale ea mobe ea neng a rata botle. Ka hona, melao ea batho ba boholo-holo ba Andes e ne e thibela ho bolaoa ha liphoofolo tse ntle tsa thaba, 'me ke marena feela a neng a lumelloa ho apara lihlahisoa tse entsoeng ka boea ba bona.
Tlhaloso le likarolo
Ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e' meli ea likamele tse hlaha tsa Amerika Boroa tse lulang lihlabeng tsa Andes, e 'ngoe ke guanaco. Vicuna - mong ka llama mme o nkuoa e le moholo-holo oa alpaca, eo e leng khale ba khona ho e rua.
Vicuña e boreleli, e mosa ebile e nyane ha e bapisoa le guanaco. Ntho ea bohlokoa e khethollang morpholoji ea mofuta ona ke nts'etsopele e ntle ea li-vicuna incisors. Ho feta moo, meno a tlase a botle ba Andes a hola ho pholletsa le bophelo 'me a khona ho itlhopha ka botsona ka lebaka la ho kopana khafetsa le stems ea joang bo thata.
Mmala oa Vicuna e khahlisang mahlo. Moriri o molelele oa phoofolo o bosootho bo bobebe mme o beige ka morao, o fetoha 'mala oa lebese mpeng. Ka sefubeng le 'metsong - "hempe" e botala bo bosoeu, mokhabiso o ka sehloohong oa phoofolo e koahetsoeng ka maoto. Hlooho e khuts'oane hanyane ho feta ea guanaco, 'me litsebe, ho fapana le hoo, li telele ebile lia tsamaea. Bolelele ba 'mele bo tloha ho cm 150 ho isa ho 160, mahetla - cm 75-85 (ho fihlela ho mitha). Boima ba motho e moholo ke 35-65 kg.
Li-callus li ke ke tsa ithorisa ka litlhako tse phatlalalitsoeng, kahoo maoto le matsoho a vicuña a fella ka sebopeho sa manala. Makhopho ana a limela a lumella phoofolo hore e tlōle holim'a majoe, e leng se tiisang hore e "tšoarella" ka thata mobung o mafika.
Mong'a molala o molelele le mahlo a bulehileng haholo ka mela ea li-eyelashes tse khanyang, vicuna setšoantšong e shebahala hantle. Empa botle bo lihlong ha bo lumelle batho ho mo atamela, ka hona ba thunya mohlolo ona ka lik'hamera tse nang le khanya e phahameng ba le hole.
Mefuta
Vicuna - Phoofolo e anyesang ea taelo ea li-artiodactyls, li-suborder tsa li-callus, lelapa la kamele. Ho fihlela morao tjena, litsebi tsa liphoofolo li ne li lumela hore llama le alpaca ke litloholo tsa guanacos. Empa boithuto bo hlokolosi ba DNA bo bontšitse hore alpaca e tsoa ho vicuna.
Le ha ho na le lipuisano mabapi le sena, hobane mefuta eohle e thathamisitsoeng e amanang haufi e ka kopana ka tlhaho. Ho na le mofuta o le mong feela oa liphoofolo tsena tsa lithabeng, o arotsoeng ka li-subspecies tse peli, Vicugna Vicugna Vicugna le Vicugna Vicugna Mensalis.
Mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho
Vicuña oa lula bohareng ba Andes Amerika Boroa, ba lula Peru, leboea-bophirima ho Argentina, Bolivia, leboea la Chile. Palo e nyane ea batho ba hlahisitsoeng e bonoa bohareng ba Ecuador.
Ho ea ka Lenane le Lefubelu la IUCN, palo eohle ea li-vicunas e tloha ho 343,500 ho isa ho 348,000 ka bomong. Mona ke lipalo tse chitja (li fapana hanyane ho tloha sehleng ho ea ho sehla) bakeng sa libaka tse ikhethileng:
- Argentina - e ka bang 72,670;
- Bolivia - 62 870;
- Chile - 16,940;
- Ecuador - 2680,
- Peru - 188330.
Li-camelids tsa Amerika Boroa li khetha bophahamo ba limithara tse 3200-4800 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle. Ho fula motšehare lithoteng tsa joang tsa Andes, 'me u qete masiu matsoapong, khaello ea oksijene ha e ba sitise. Mahlaseli a letsatsi a khona ho phunyelletsa sepakapakeng se fumanehang ka seoelo libakeng tse lithaba le ho fana ka mocheso o batlang o futhumetse motšehare.
Empa kamora lefifi, selekanyamogote se theoha ka tlase ho lefela. "Kobo" e tenya e futhumetseng e etselitsoe hore e tšoase likarolo tsa moea o futhumetseng haufi le 'mele, ka hona phoofolo e mamella maemo a leholimo a mabe hantle.
Vicuña ke phoofolo ea tšabang le ea seli, o utloa hantle 'me o baleha ka potlako, a fihla lebelo la ho fihlela ho 45 km / h. Mokhoa oa bophelo o ts'oana le boits'oaro ba guanaco. Le ha li ntse li fula, li boloka kutloisiso e makatsang 'me li lula li sekaseka tikoloho ea tsona.
Batho ka bomong ba lula sehlopheng sa malapa, hangata a nang le monna e moholo, ho tloha ho tse hlano ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e mehlano tse tšehali le liphoofolo tse nyane. Mohlape ka mong o na le sebaka sa ona sa 18-20 sq. km. Ha vicuña e utloa kotsi, e etsa molumo o hlakileng oa mololi.
Moetapele ea ka sehloohong o lemosa "lelapa" ka ts'okelo e tlang mme o ea pele bakeng sa ts'ireletso. Monna enoa ke moetapele ea sa tsejoeng oa sehlopha, o khetholla mefuta ea mefuta ho latela boteng ba lijo, e laola litho le ho leleka batho ba kantle.
Baahi bana ba Andes ba na le sebaka sa ho fepa le sebaka se arohileng bakeng sa boroko, bophahamong bo phahameng hanyane bakeng sa polokeho. Batho ba baholo ba seng hloohong ea mohlape ba ka ba sehlopheng se seholo sa liphoofolo tse 30-150, kapa ba sala ba le bang. "Batsoali" ba so fihle lilemong tsa bocha ba kheloha ho ba "lelapa" le arohaneng la bachelors, le thibelang tlholisano ea intraspecific.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Joalo ka li-guanacos, beng ba boea ba khauta hangata ba nyeka majoe a lejoe la mokoetla le libaka tse majoe tse nang le liminerale, 'me ha ba khese metsi a letsoai. Vicuña oa ja joang bo tlase.
Libaka tsa Alpine ha li na limela tse ngata; ke mekotla ea joang bo sa feleng, limatlafatsi tse fokolang, e melang mona, ho kenyelletsa le lijo-thollo. Kahoo baahi ba Andes ha ba ikokobetse.
Li mafolofolo haholo hoseng le ha le likela. Haeba ke lehlabula le ommeng le le chesang, nakong ea motšehare li-vicua ha li fule, empa li bua leshano le ho hlafuna likutu tse thata tse khahlang mafube, joalo ka likamele.
Ho ikatisa
Ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo ho etsahala nakong ea selemo, ka Hlakubele-Mmesa. Mofuta oa sethepu. E tona e hlahelletseng e nontša tse tšehali tsohle tse holileng mohlapeng oa eona. Bokhachane bo nka matsatsi a ka bang 330-350, e tšehali e tsoala phala e le 'ngoe. Lesea le ka tsoha nakong ea metsotso e 15 kamora ho hlaha. Ho nyantsha ho nka likhoeli tse 10.
Li-vicua tsa bocha li ikemela ha li le likhoeli tse 12-18. Banna ba ikopanya le "li-club" tsa bachelor, basali - ho sechaba se le seng sa basali, ba fihlela kholo ea thobalano ba le lilemo tse 2. Tse ling tse tšehali li ntse li ikatisa li le lilemo li 19.
Bolele ba bophelo
Lira tse ka sehloohong tsa li-artiodactyl ka tlhaho ea lithaba ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tsa phokojoe ea Andes le phiri e nang le maned. Maemong a tlhaho, li-vicua li phela lilemo tse ka bang 20 (tse ling li bile li fihla ho tse 25). Ha ba ikalime bakeng sa ho rua malapeng, empa libakeng tse ling tsa liphoofolo ba ithutile ho boloka "bahlabani" ba lihlong.
Sena se hloka lifofane tse pharalletseng. Mohlala, sebaka sa polokelo ea liphoofolo se teropong se thehiloe Zoo ea Moscow e letsoapong la thaba. Bohareng ba 2000s, basali ba bararo le e motona ba tlisitsoe mona. Ba ile ba bred hantle, e le hore palo ea mehlape e ile ea eketseha ho dozen tse peli, masea a 'maloa ba ile ba fallela lirapeng tse ling tsa liphoofolo.
Kotsi e kholo ho liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang ka linako tsohle e ne e emeloa ke batho. Ho tloha nakong ea ha Spain e hapa Amerika Boroa ho fihlela 1964, ho tsoma li-vicunas ho ne ho sa laoloe. Phoso e ho boea ba tsona ba bohlokoa. Sena se lebisitse liphellong tse bohloko: lilemong tsa mashome a tšeletseng a metso e tšeletseng, palo ea baahi ba limilione tse peli e ile ea oela ho batho ba 6,000. Mofuta ona o phatlalalitsoe hore o kotsing.
Ka 1964, Servicio Forestal, ka ts'ebelisano le US Peace Corps, WWF le La Molina National Agrarian University, ba thehile sebaka sa polokelo ea tlhaho (serapa sa sechaba) bakeng sa libaka tsa Pampa Galeras tikolohong ea Ayacucho ea Peru, hajoale ho na le libaka tsa polokelo ho la Ecuador le Chile.
Ka halofo ea bobeli ea mashome a tšeletseng a lilemo, lenaneo la koetliso ea baithaopi ba baithaopi bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea liphoofolo le qalile. Linaha tse 'maloa li thibetse ho kenella ha boea ba vicuna. Ka lebaka la mehato ena, ke Peru feela palo ea vicunas e eketsehileng makhetlo a mangata.
Selemo se seng le se seng Pampa Galeras, ho ts'oaroa chaku (ho fula, ho ts'oara le ho kuta) ho bokella boea le ho thibela bosholu. Li-vicuna tsohle tsa batho ba baholo tse phetseng hantle tse nang le seaparo sa lisenthimithara tse tharo kapa ho feta li kutiloe. Ona ke mohato oa Lekhotla la Naha la Likamele tsa Amerika Boroa (CONACS).
Lintlha tse khahlisang
- Vicuña ke phoofolo ea naha ea Peru, litšoantšo tsa hae li khabisa liaparo le folakha ea naha ea Amerika Boroa;
- Boea ba Vicuna bo tsebahala ka ho boloka mocheso hantle. Sekala se senyenyane se likhoeleng tse sekoti se thibela moea ho thibela ho bata ho kena;
- Likhoele tsa boea li na le bophara ba li-microne tse 12 feela, ha liphoofolong tsa cashmere sesupisi sena se fetoha ka bongata ba li-microns tse 14-19;
- Motho e moholo o fana ka boea ba 0.5 kg ka selemo;
- Li-villi li nahanela ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, ka hona 'mala oa lihlahisoa hangata o lula e le oa tlhaho;
- Matsatsing a Inca, "lisebelisoa tse tala" tsa bohlokoa li ne li bokelloa ho sebelisoa chaku e le 'ngoe: batho ba bangata ba ne ba khannela liphoofolo tse makholo a likete tse makholo "li-funnel" tsa majoe, ba li kuta le ho li lokolla, ts'ebetso e ne e phetoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse nne
- Barupeluoa ba sejoale-joale moetlong ba kuta moriri ho tloha ka Mots'eanong ho isa Mphalane, baahi ba lehae ba pepeta lesale ho potoloha mohlape, ba isa libopuoa tse tšabehang ho corral, moetlo oa khale oa etsoa. Tse tšoaroang lia hlophisoa: liphoofolo tse nyane, tse tšehali, bakuli ha ba khaoloe. Ba sebelisa likoloi tsa motlakase. Ba tlohella motho e mong le e mong ho tsoa ka nako e le ngoe hore malapa a tle a fumane.
- Dick le boea ba 0.5 cm bo setseng e le hore phoofolo e se ke ea hatsela, mme ho kuta moriri ho ama feela mahlakore le mokokotlo;
- Mmuso oa Peru o hlahisitse sistimi ea ho ngolisa e khethollang liaparo tsohle tse entsoeng ka chaku e lumelletsoeng. Sena se tiisa hore phoofolo e ea ts'oaroa ebe e khutlela naheng. Hape ho na le matšoao a li-vicunas e le hore batho ba se ke ba kuta ka lilemo tse peli tse tlang;
- Leha e thibetsoe, ho fihla ho 22,500 kg ea vicuna wool e romelloa kantle ho naha selemo le selemo ka lebaka la liketso tse seng molaong;
- Li-Andes tsa Chile, mapolasi a se a thehiloe molemong oa ho holisa liphoofolo maemong a haufi le maemo a tlhaho;
- Litheko tsa masela a entsoeng ka boea, tse bitsoang "boea ba khauta", li ka fihla ho $ 1,800-3,000 jareteng (0.914 m);
- Boea ba Vicuna sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea likausi, lijesi, lijase, lisutu, lishawl, likhafo, lisebelisoa tse ling, likobo, likobo, likepisi;
- Bosholu bo entsoeng ka thepa e joalo bo bitsa li-ruble tse 420,000, seaparo sa Mataliana - bonyane $ 21,000.
