Li-dolphin ke liphoofolo tsa metsing tse nang le meno a lelapeng la mammalian Delphinidae (li-dolphin tsa leoatle) le Platanistidae le Iniidae, tse kenyeletsang li-dolphin tsa noka. Mefuta e 6 ea li-dolphin e bitsoa maruarua, ho kenyeletsoa le maruarua a bolaeang le ho sila ha nakoana.
Tlhaloso ea dolphin
Boholo ba li-dolphin li nyane, ha li bolelele ba limithara tse tharo, ka 'mele e bōpehileng joaloka sekontiri, melomo e kang molomo (rostrum) le meno a bonolo a kang a nale. Tse ling tsa li-cetacean ka linako tse ling li bitsoa li-porpoise, empa bo-ramahlale ba khetha ho sebelisa lentsoe lena e le lebitso le tloaelehileng bakeng sa mefuta e ts'eletseng ea lelapa la Phocoenidae, le fapaneng le li-dolphin ka hore li na le liphofu tse hlabang le meno a hlabang.
Mefuta ea li-dolphin
Li-dolphin tsa noka
Amazia inia (Inia geoffrensis)
Bolelele ba bolelele ba li-dolphin tsa Noka ea Amazon bo ka ba limithara tse 2. Li hlaha ka mebala eohle e pinki: ho tloha bopherese bo boputsoa bo bopinki ho isa ho pinki-pinki le pinki e chesang, joalo ka flamingo. Phetoho ena ea 'mala e bakoa ke ho hlaka ha metsi ao dolphin e lulang ho ona. Ha metsi a fifala, phoofolo e khanya le ho feta. Mahlaseli a letsatsi a etsa hore li lahleheloe ke 'mala oa tsona o mopinki. Metsi a lerootho a Amazon a sireletsa 'mala o phatsimang oa dolphin.
Liphoofolo tsena, ha li thabile, li fetola 'mala oa tsona ho ba pinki e khanyang. Ho na le phapang e fapaneng lipakeng tsa li-dolphin tsa Amazonia le mefuta e meng ea li-dolphin. Mohlala, li-Rows li sotha melala ea tsona ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha mefuta e mengata ea li-dolphin e sa etse joalo. Tšobotsi ena, ha e kopantsoe le bokhoni ba bona ba ho sesa ho ea pele ka fene e le 'ngoe ha e khutlela morao le e' ngoe, e thusa li-dolphin ho tsamaisa noka. Ha e le hantle li-dolphin tsena li sesa mobung o nang le likhohola, 'me ho tenyetseha ha tsona ho li thusa ho hahlaula lifate. Tšobotsi e 'ngoe e ba khethollang ho mefuta e meng ke meno a bona a tšoanang le molar. Ka thuso ea bona, ba hlafuna limela tse thata. Moriri o kang oa litlhaka o lipheletsong tsa melomo ea tsona o li thusa ho fumana lijo betheng ea seretse se noka.
Gangetic (Platanista gangetica)
Dolphin ena e na le hlooho e shebahalang ka tsela e sa tloaelehang. Mahlo a tsona a manyane a tšoana le masoba a boholo ba lesoba holim 'a ntlha ea molomo oa ona o khelohileng. Mahlo a batla a sena thuso, li-dolphin tsena li batla li foufetse 'me li khetholla' mala le matla a khanya feela.
Molomo o motelele, o mosesane o koahetsoe ke meno a mangata a bohale, a nchocho a atolohelang ntlheng 'me a bonahala kantle ho molomo. Lephegwana la hlapi la mokwatla le na le ponagalo ya khunkwane ye nnyane ya khutlotharo, mpa e kgorometšagane, e lego seo se dirago gore dihlepine di be le ponagalo ya go lekana. Maphegwana a kgutlotharo, a maholo le a sephara, ka bokapele ba serrated. Mohatla o fella hape o moholo ebile o pharaletse.
Li-dolphin li hola ho fihla ho 2,5 m le boima bo fetang 90 kg, tse tšehali li kholo hanyane ho feta tse tona.
Dolphin ea La Plata (Pontoporia blainvillei)
Hangata e fumanoa libakeng tse lebopong la boroa-bochabela ho Amerika Boroa. Setho sena sa lelapa la dolphin ea noka ke sona feela mofuta o phelang tikolohong ea leoatle. Dolphin La Plata e ka bonoa linakong tsa linoka le metsing a sa tebang a lebopong moo metsi a leng letsoai.
Dolphin e na le molomo o molelele ho feta boholo ba 'mele ba setho sefe kapa sefe sa lelapa la dolphin. Ho batho ba baholo molomo o ka fihla ho 15% ea bolelele ba 'mele. Ke e 'ngoe ea li-dolphin tse nyane haholo, liphoofolo tse kholo tse bolelele ba limithara tse 1,5.
Li-dolphin tsa La Plata li oela ka metsing eseng ka mapheoana a tsona a pectoral, empa ka mapheoana a malelele. Li-dolphin tse tšehali tsa La Plata li fihlela kholo ea thobalano li le lilemo li 'ne,' me kamora ho emara ha likhoeli tse 10-11 li tsoala lekhetlo la pele li le lilemo li hlano. Di boima ba ho fihlela ho 50 kg (tse tona le tse tshehadi) mme di phela ka tlhaho ka karolelano ya dilemo tse 20.
Li-dolphin tsa leoatleng
Tloaelehileng e lefelloang nako e telele (Delphinus capensis)
Kamora ho holisoa ka botlalo, dolphin e fihla bolelele ba 2.6 m mme e boima ho fihla ho 230 kg, ha e tona e le boima le ho feta basali. Li-dolphin tsena li na le mokokotlo o lefifi, mpa e tšoeu le mahlakore a mosehla, khauta kapa bohlooho bo latelang sebopeho sa khalase ea hora.
Lepheo la mokokotlo le lelelele, le bohale, le likhutlo li tharo le fumaneha bohareng ba mokokotlo, mme molomo o molelele (joalo ka ha lebitso le bontša) o na le meno a manyane a bohale.
Dolphin e tloaelehileng (Delphinus delphis)
O na le 'mala o khahlisang. Mmele o na le dipaterone tse putswa tse lefifi tse kwahelang sebopeho sa V tlasa ntlha ya mokwatla mahlakore ka bobedi a mmele. Mahlakore a sootho kapa bosehla ka pele le botsho ka morao. Mokokotlo oa dolphin o motšo kapa o mosootho, 'me mpa e tšoeu.
Tse tona di telele ho feta moo ka hona di boima ho feta tse tshehadi. E boima ba lik'hilograma tse 200 le bolelele ba limithara tse 2,4. Molomo o na le meno a fihlang ho 65 halofong ka 'ngoe ea mohlahare, e leng se etsang hore e be phoofolo e anyesang e nang le meno a mangata.
White-bellied dolphin (Cephalorhynchus eutropia)
Bolelele ba mofuta ona o monyane oa dolphin bo boholo ba 1.5-1.8 m ho motho e moholo. Ka lebaka la boholo ba tsona bo bonyenyane le sebopeho se chitja, ka linako tse ling li- dolphin tsena li ferekanngoa le li-porpoise.
Mmala oa 'mele ke motsoako oa mebala e fapaneng ea bohlooho bo lefifi le' mala o mosoeu ho potoloha mapheoana le mpa.
E thusa ho khetholla le ho khetholla mefuteng e meng ea li-dolphin e nang le molomo o mokhutšoanyane ka ho hlaka, mapheoana a chitja le sefahleho se sephara se sephara.
Dolphin e telele-telele (Stenella longirostris)
Li-dolphin li tsejoa e le li-acrobat tse nang le tsebo har'a beng ka bona (li-dolphin tse ling ka linako tse ling li ohla moeeng, empa li tjeka feela habeli). Dolphin e nkileng nako e telele e lula Leoatleng la Pacific le chesang le chesang le mongobo, e etsa hore 'mele o fete ka ho tlola hanngoe, e qala ho oela ka metsing pele e nyolohela holimo, ebe e tlolela holimo ho 3 m moeeng, e ohla khafetsa pele e khutlela hape leoatle.
Li-dolphin tsohle tse nko e telele li na le molomo o molelele, o mosesane, 'mele o mosesane, mapheoana a manyane a kobehileng a nang le malebela a nchocho, le mokotatsie o mosesane o mosesane.
Dolphin e sefahleho se tšoeu (Lagenorhynchus albirostris)
Dolphin ea boholo bo mahareng e atile leboea-bochabela le Atlantic Bophirima, e na le moaho o mosesane o bolelele ba bolelele ba 2-3 m mme e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 360 ha e se e holile ka botlalo.
Joalokaha lebitso le bontša, dolphin e rehiloe lebitso ka molomo oa eona o mokhuts'oane o mosoeu. Karolo ya yona e hodimo e ntsho. Dolphin e na le mapheoana a matsho le mapheo a matsho. 'Mele o ka tlase o soeufetse. Moqhaka o mosoeu o matha ka holim'a mahlo haufi le mapheoana ho ea ka morao le ho potoloha mokokotlo oa lepheo le ka morao.
Dolphin e meno a maholo (Steno bredanensis)
E shebahala e sa tloaelehang, kantle li-dolphin li khale haholo, li batla li tšoana le li-dolphin tsa pele ho nalane. Karolo e ikhethang ke hlooho e nyane. Ke eona dolphin feela e nang le litefiso tse telele e se nang khetsi e bonahalang pakeng tsa molomo le phatla ea eona. Molomo o molelele, o mosoeu, o fetoha phatla e sekameng hantle. Mmele o motsho ho isa ho botsho bo lefifi. Mokokotlo o moputsoa o bobebe. Mpa e tšoeu ka linako tse ling e khabisoa ka pinki. 'Mele o na le matheba a masoeu a sa lekanang.
Maphegwana a ma telele e bile a magolo.
Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)
Ka mantsoe a batho, mohlomong li-dolphin tsohle ke li-dolphin tse nang le botlolo. Ke tsona tse tsebahalang ka mefuta eohle ka lebaka la lifilimi le mananeo a seea-le-moea pono. E le molao, tsena ke batho ba batlang ba le kholo, ba nonne ka mokokotlo o lefifi le mpa e sootho. Ba na le molomo o mokhutšoane le o motenya le sebopeho sa molomo se khahlehang se shebahalang joalo ka li-dolphin lia bososela - tšobotsi e malimabe ha u nahana ka "pososelo" eo e khahlang li-dolphin ho indasteri ea "boithabiso". Ho khaola le ho tšoaea qetellong ea mokokotlo ho ikhethile joalo ka menoana ea motho.
Sefahleho se sephara (Peponocephala electra)
'Mele oa torpedo le hlooho e tlatsitsoeng li loketse ho sesa kapele. Molomo ha o eo, hlooho e chitja ka bonolo mme e khabisitsoe ka matšoao a masoeu molomong le "limaske" tse lefifi tse pota-potileng mahlo - haholo likarolo tse hohelang tsa liphoofolo tsena. Maphegwana a hlapi a sebopego sa arc, maphegwana a go hlaba le maphegwana a sephara a mehatla, mebele ya mmala wa tšhipi e na le "diaparo" tše leswiswi ka fase ga maphegwana a mokwatla le mabala a mašweu ka mpeng.
Sechaena (Sousa chinensis)
Li-dolphin tsohle tsa humpback li na le pheko e nyane e likhutlo li tharo ho "hump" ea tsona. Li-dolphin tsohle tsa humpback lia tšoana. Empa mofuta oa China o na le "hump" e sa khetholleheng hanyane ho feta bo motsoala ba Atlantic, empa e hlakile haholo ho feta li-dolphin tsa Indo-Pacific le Australia.
Hlooho le 'mele bolelele ba cm 120-280, boima ba lik'hilograma tse 140. Mehlahare e melelele e melelele e tletse meno, mapheoana a sephara a sephara (lisenthimithara tse 45), lesapo la mokotla (bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 15) le mapheoana a sefubelu (lisenthimithara tse 30). Li-dolphin li sootho, li putsoa, li ntšo kaholimo ebile li phatsima ka tlase ka 'mala. Mefuta e meng e kanna ea soeufala, e makhapetla kapa e makhakhapha. Ka linako tse ling li boetse li bitsoa Pink Dolphins.
Irrawaddy (Orcaella brevirostris)
Ho khetholla dolphin ha ho thata. Mefuta ea Irrawaddy e na le hlooho e chitja e khahlang hanghang, e khahlisang le molomo o se nang molomo. Liphoofolo li tšoana le li-belugas, empa li na le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo. Molaleng o hlalosang maikutlo o fanoa ke melomo ea bona e tsamaeang le mameno melaleng, li-dolphin li ka tsamaisa lihlooho ka hohle. Li thokoa 'meleng kaofela, empa li bobebe ka mpeng. Lephegwana la hlapi la mokwatla le lenyane, maphego a gona a matelele e bile a magolo, a na le methaladi ya ka pele ya go kobega le dintlha tša nkgokolo, le megatla le yona e megolo.
Cruciform (Lagenorhynchus cruciger)
Tlhaho e entse mats'oao a khethollang mahlakoreng a phoofolo ka sebopeho sa khalase ea hora. 'Mala oa dolphin o motšo (mpa e tšoeu), ka lehlakoreng le leng la' mele ho na le mola o mosoeu (o qalang feela kamora molomo le ho ea mohatleng), o kenang ka tlasa molala oa morao, o hlahisa ponahalo ea khalase ea hora. Li-dolphin le tsona li na le mapheoana a khethollang, a bopehileng joalo ka hakisi e pharaletseng. Ha qetello e koaletsoe morao, motho e moholo o tsofetse.
Leruarua le bolaeang (Orcinus orca)
Li-whale tse bolaeang (e, e, ke tsa lelapa la dolphin) ke tsona tse kholo ka ho fetisisa le tse ling tsa libatana tse matla ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Hang-hang li tsejoa ka 'mala oa tsona o motšo le o mosoeu: bokaholimo bo botšo bo lefifi le botala bo bosoeu bo hloekileng, letheba le lesoeu ka morao ho leihlo le leng le le leng le ka mahlakoreng, "sebaka se phatsimang" ka morao feela ha mokotla. Maruarua a bohlale le a botsoalle, a bolaeang a etsa melumo e fapaneng ea puisano, 'me sekolo se seng le se seng se bina linoto tse ikhethang tseo litho tsa sona li li tsebang le ha li le hole. Ba sebelisa echolocation ho buisana le ho tsoma.
Ho ikatisa ha dolphin
Ka li-dolphin, litho tsa botona le botšehali li fumaneha 'meleng o ka tlase. Tse tona li na le likhechana tse peli, le leng le pata botona 'me le leng le na le phaka. E tshehadi e na le sekoto se le seng se nang le botshehadi le anase. Li-slits tse peli tsa lebese li fumaneha ka lehlakoreng le leng la lesela la thobalano la basali.
Ts'ebetso ea dolphin e hlaha mpeng ho ea mpeng, ketso e khuts'oane, empa e ka phetoa makhetlo a 'maloa ka nako e khuts'oane. Nako ea bokhachane e ipapisitse le mofuta, ho li-dolphin tse nyane nako ena e ka ba likhoeli tse 11-12, ho maruarua a bolaeang - a ka bang 17. Hangata li-dolphin li tsoala lelinyane le le leng, leo, ho fapana le liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang, maemong a mangata le hlahang ka pela mohatla. Li-dolphin li kopanela liphate li sa le nyane, le pele li kena boroetsaneng, tse fapaneng ka mefuta le bong.
Seo li-dolphin li se jang
Litlhapi le squid ke tsona lijo tse ka sehloohong, empa maruarua a bolaeang a fepa liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang tsa leoatleng 'me ka linako tse ling a tsoma maruarua a maholo ho a feta.
Mokhoa oa ho fepa ka mehlape: li-dolphin li hlophisa sehlopha sa litlhapi ka bongata bo nyane. Joale li-dolphin li fapanyetsana ho fepa litlhapi tse maketseng. Mokhoa oa Thrall: Li-dolphin li lelekisa litlhapi metsing a sa tebang ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho li ts'oasa. Mefuta e meng e otla litlhapi ka mehatla ea tsona, ea tsitsipana ebe ea ja. Ba bang ba kokota litlhapi ka metsing ebe ba tšoasa phofu moeeng.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa li-dolphin
Li-dolphin li na le lira tsa tlhaho tse fokolang. Mefuta e meng kapa baahi ba itseng ha ba na eona, ba kaholimo ho ketane ea lijo. Mefuta e menyenyane ea li-dolphin, haholo-holo tse nyane, e tsongoa ke lishaka tse kholo. Mefuta e meng e meholo ea li-dolphin, haholo-holo li-whale tse bolaeang, le eona e ja liphoofolo tse nyenyane tsa dolphin, empa tsena ke liketsahalo tse sa tloaelehang.
Kamano ea batho le li-dolphin
Li-dolphin li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa moetlong oa batho. Ba boletsoe litšōmong tsa Bagerike. Li-dolphin li ne li le bohlokoa ho batho ba Minoan, ho latela litaba tsa bonono tse tsoang ntlong ea borena e sentsoeng Knossos. Litšōmong tsa Mahindu, dolphin e amahanngoa le Ganges, molimo oa Noka ea Ganges.
Empa batho ha ba rate feela libopuoa tsena, empa hape ba li senya, ba baka mahlomola.
Li-dolphin li bolailoe ka boomo ke ho hohola le linonyana. Likarolong tse ling tsa lefats'e, joalo ka Japane le Lihlekehleke tsa Faroe, ka tloaelo li-dolphin li nkoa e le lijo 'me batho ba li tsoma ka khaba.
