E 'ngoe ea mahoatata a maholohali le a tummeng lefatšeng ke Sahara, e koahelang naha ea linaha tse leshome tsa Afrika. Libukeng tsa khale, lehoatata le ne le bitsoa "le leholo." Tsena ke li-expanses tse sa feleng tsa lehlabathe, letsopa, lejoe, moo bophelo bo fumanoang feela libakeng tse sa tloaelehang. Ke noka e le 'ngoe feela e phallang mona, empa ho na le matša a manyane libakeng tsa oase le mehloli e meholo ea metsi a ka tlase ho lefatše. Sebaka sa lehoatata se na le limithara tse lisekoere tse fetang 7700 tse likete. km, e nyane hanyane sebakeng ho feta Brazil ebile e kholo ho feta Australia.
Sahara ha se lehoatata le le leng, empa ke motsoako oa mahoatata a 'maloa a sebakeng se le seng mme a na le maemo a leholimo a ts'oanang. Lehoatata le latelang le ka khetholloa:
Moa Libya
Maarabia
Nubian
Hape ho na le mahoatata a manyane, hammoho le lithaba le seretse se chesang se seng se timetse. U ka fumana li-depressing tse 'maloa Sahara, moo Qatar e ka khetholloang, limithara tse 150 botebong ba leoatle.
Maemo a leholimo lehwatateng
Sahara e na le boemo ba leholimo bo ommeng haholo, ke hore, e omme ebile ea chesa, empa karolong e ka leboea e hōle ea tropike. Lehoatateng, mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ke +58 likhato tsa Celsius. Ha e le pula, ha ba eo mona ka lilemo tse 'maloa,' me ha ba oela ha ba na nako ea ho fihla fatše. Ketsahalo e etsahalang khafetsa lehoatateng ke moea o hlahisang lifefo tsa lerōle. Lebelo la moea le ka fihla ho limithara tse 50 ka motsotsoana.
Ho na le liphetoho tse matla lithemparetjha tsa letsatsi le letsatsi: haeba mocheso oa motšehare o feta likhato tse 30, tse ke keng tsa khona ho hema kapa ho sisinyeha, joale bosiu hoa fola 'me thempereichara e theohela ho 0. Esita le mafika a thata ka ho fetesisa a sitoa ho mamella ho fetoha hona, ho petsohang ebe ho fetoha lehlabathe.
Ka leboea ho lehoatata ho na le mokoloko oa lithaba tsa Atlas, tse thibelang ho kenella ha bongata ba moea ba Mediterranean ho kena Sahara. Matšoele a leholimo a mongobo a tloha boroa ho tloha Koung ea Guinea. Tlelaemete ea lehoatata e ama libaka tsa tikoloho tse haufi.
Limela tsa Lehoatata la Sahara
Meroho e hasana ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le Sahara. Ho ka fumanoa mefuta e fetang 30 ea limela tse fumanehang lehoatateng. Flora e emeloa haholo libakeng tse phahameng tsa Ahaggar le Tibesti, hape le leboea la lehoatata.
Har'a limela ke tse latelang:
Fern
Ficus
Cypress
Li-Xerophyte
Thollo
Leoka
Ziziphus
Cactus
Lebokose
Jwang ba masiba
Palema
Liphoofolo Lehoatateng la Sahara
Liphoofolo li emeloa ke liphoofolo tse anyesang, linonyana le likokoanyana tse fapaneng. Har'a tsona, Sahara, ho na le li-jerboas le hamsters, li-gerbils le li-antelope, lipheleu tse nang le mohloa le li-chanterelles tse nyane, liphokojoe le li-mongoose, likatse tsa lehlabathe le likamele.
Jerboa
Hamster
Gerbil
Pelepele
Pheleu e entsoeng ka letsoho
Li-chanterelles tse nyane
Phokojoe
Mongooses
Likatse tsa dune
Kamele
Ho na le mekholutsoane le linoha mona: lekola mekholutsoane, li-agamas, marabe a linaka, litlhapi tsa lehlabathe
Varan
Agam
Lerabe le linaka
Lehlabathe Efa
Lehoatata la Sahara ke lefats'e le ikhethang le nang le boemo ba leholimo bo batang haholo. Sena ke sebaka se chesang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, empa ho na le bophelo mona. Tsena ke liphoofolo, linonyana, likokoanyana, limela le batho ba hloma-u-hlomole.
Sebaka sa lehoatata
Lehoatata la Sahara le Afrika Leboea. E na le boholo bo boholo ho tloha karolong e ka bophirima ea kontinenteng ho ea bochabela bakeng sa lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 4,8, le ho tloha leboea ho isa boroa lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 0.8-1.2 Sebaka sohle sa Sahara se ka ba lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse limilione tse 8.6. Ho tsoa likarolong tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e, lehoatata le na le meeli linthong tse latelang:
- ka leboea - Atlas Mountains le Leoatle la Mediterranean;
- ka boroa - Sahel, sebaka se fetang li-savanna;
- ka bophirimela - Leoatle la Atlantic;
- ka bochabela - Leoatle le Lefubelu.
Boholo ba Sahara bo lula libakeng tse hlaha le tse se nang baahi, moo ka linako tse ling u ka kopanang le bo-hloma-u-hlomole. Lehoatata le arotsoe lipakeng tsa linaha tse kang Egypt le Niger, Algeria le Sudan, Chad le Sahara Bophirima, Libya le Morocco, Tunisia le Mauritania.
'Mapa oa Lehoatata la Sahara
Liphallelo
Ebile, lehlabathe le lula feela kotara ea Sahara, ha karolo e ngoe e lula ho meaho ea majoe le lithaba tsa seretse se chesang. Ka kakaretso, lintho tse joalo li ka khetholloa sebakeng sa lehoatata:
- Sahara Bophirimela - lithota, lithaba le mabalane;
- Ahaggar - lihlabeng;
- Tibesti - sehlabeng;
- Tenere - lehlabathe expanses;
- Lehoatata la Libya;
- Moea - sehlaba;
- Talak ke lehoatata;
- Ennedy - sehlabeng;
- Lehoatata la Algeria;
- Adrar-Ifhoras - sehlaba;
- Lehoatata la Arabia;
- El Hamra;
- Lehoatata la Nubian.
Libaka tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa lehlabathe li maoatleng a lehlabathe joalo ka Igidi le Bolshoi East Erg, Tenenre le Idekhan-Marzuk, Shesh le Aubari, Bolshoi West Erg le Erg Shebbi. Hape ho na le litutulu le litutulu tsa libopeho tse fapaneng. Libakeng tse ling, ho na le lipono tse makatsang tsa ho sisinyeha, hammoho le ho bina lehlabathe.
Phomolo ea lehoatata
Haeba re bua ka ho qaqileng ka liphallelo, lehlabathe le tšimoloho ea lehoatata, borasaense ba pheha khang ea hore Sahara pele e ne e le mokatong oa leoatle. Ho bile ho na le Lehoatata le White, moo majoe a masoeu e leng mesaletsa ea likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng tsa mehleng ea khale, 'me nakong ea ho epolloa, litsebi tsa paleontologists li fumana masapo a liphoofolo tse fapaneng tse neng li phela lilemong tse limilione tse fetileng.
Hona joale lehlabathe le koahetse likarolo tse ling tsa lehoatata, 'me libakeng tse ling botebo ba lona bo fihla ho limithara tse 200. Lehlabathe le lula le tsamaisoa ke meea, le theha sebopeho se secha sa mobu. Tlas'a litutulu le litutulu tsa lehlabathe ho na le mobung oa majoe le liminerale tse fapaneng. Ha batho ba fumana li-depositi tsa oli le khase ea tlhaho, ba ile ba qala ho li ntša mona, leha ho le thata ho feta libakeng tse ling tsa lefatše.
Mehloli ea metsi a Sahara
Mohloli o ka sehloohong oa Lehoatata la Sahara ke linoka tsa Nile le Niger, hammoho le Letša la Chad. Linoka li simolohile kantle ho lehoatata, li fepa ka holim'a metsi le ka holim'a metsi. Melatsoana e meholo ea Nile ke White Nile e putsoa, e kopanang karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ea lehoatata. Niger e phalla ka boroa-bophirima ho Sahara, moo noka e nang le matša a 'maloa. Ka leboea, ho na le li-wadis le melatsoana e hlahang kamora pula e matla, hape e theoha ho tloha melapong ea lithaba. Ka hare ho lehoatata ka bolona, ho na le marangrang a wadi a ileng a theoa mehleng ea khale. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tlas'a lehlabathe la Sahara ho na le metsi a fatše a fepa 'mele ea metsi. Li sebelisetsoa litsamaiso tsa nosetso.
Noka ea Nile
Lintlha tse khahlisang ka Sahara
Har'a lintlha tse khahlisang ka Sahara, re lokela ho hlokomela hore ha e lahliloe ka botlalo. Mefuta e fetang 500 ea limela le mefuta e makholo a 'maloa ea liphoofolo e fumanoa mona. Mefuta-futa ea limela le liphoofolo e theha tikoloho e ikhethileng ea lefatše.
Ka maleng a lefats'e ka tlasa leoatle la lehlabathe la lehoatata ho na le mehloli ea metsi a bonono. E 'ngoe ea lintho tse khahlisang ke hore sebaka sa Sahara se fetoha ka linako tsohle. Litšoantšo tsa satellite li bontša hore sebaka sa lehoatata sea eketseha ebile sea fokotseha. Haeba pele Sahara e ne e le lehoatata, joale e le lehoatata, hoa thabisa hore na lilemo tse likete tse 'maloa li tla etsa eng ka eona le hore na tikoloho ena e tla ba eng.
