Mefuta ea li-mushroom tsa oyster e bitsoa abalone, oyster kapa li-mushroom tse thata mme ke tse ling tsa li-mushroom tse jeoang haholo. Li-mushroom tsa oyster li lengoa ke batho lefats'eng ka bophara, li-mushroom li atile haholo har'a lihoai le malapeng ka bomong Asia Boroa-bochabela, Europe le Afrika. Ho tsebahala ho bakoa ke ho nolofatsa le theko e tlase ea temo, ho khonahala le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea bioloji.
Tlhaloso
Cap ea oyster ea oyster e namane. Qalong e boreleli, ebe e ba boreleli. Mefuteng e holileng, e na le sebopeho sa khetla (ka Latin ostreatus - oyster) joalo ka oyster.
Bokaholimo ba likepisi tsa li-mushroom bo boreleli ebile bo a benya, bo na le boka. Qalong ea kholo, cap, ha e khethollehe ho tloha leoto. E ntan'o ba sebopeho sa oyster, ebe e fetoha spatula kapa sebopeho sa fan hang ha mushroom e fihla kholo. Ho tepella maikutlo ho thehoa kaholimo.
Maoto a li-mushroom tsa oyster
Leoto le teteaneng ebile le tiile. E tshesane ho tloha hodimo, mme e tenya botlaaseng. Setsi se koahetsoe ka botle, bosoeu bo bosoeu. Sebaka seo cap, e khomaretsoeng leotong, e lula e le sephiri, e leng hole le setsi.
Hymenophore
Li-gill li teteaneng, li na le makala ebile li tsamaea hammoho le karolo ea peduncle. Li-gill li fapana ho tloha ho bosoeu bo bosoeu ho isa bosoeu ba manaka a tlou le bosootho.
'Mele oa litholoana tsa li-mushroom tsa oyster
Nama ea li-mushroom e teteane empa e bonolo. 'Mala o mosoeu, monko o monate, tatso e monate. Li-mushroom ha li na monko o monate ebile ha li na monko.
Khetho ea mmala oa li-mushroom
'Mala oa cap, ea oyster mushroom o fapana ho ea bohlooho bo lefifi bo pherese ho isa ho' mala oa khanya esita le makotomane a lefifi.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster tse pherese
Molumo oo li-mushroom li o nkang o bosootho bo bosootho, bosootho bo bofubelu, ho tloha botšo-bopherese ho ea boputsoa bo boputsoa karolong ea ho qetela ea kholo ea lesea. Pele ho lefu, li-mushroom li soeufala li soeufetse.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster tse bohlooho
Leoto le holile hantle ebile le le khuts'oane. Ka lebaka la sebopeho se sa tloaelehang sa li-cylindrical, li-mushroom li bonahala li le squat.
Linako tsa ho butsoa ha li-mushroom tsa oyster
Nako ea kholo le pokello ea li-mushroom ke hoetla-mariha. Hangata li-mushroom tsa oyster li beha litholoana qetellong ea hoetla, 'me nako ea ho hola e atolosoa ho fihlela selemo. Nts'etsopele e emisoa ke serame, empa haeba boemo ba leholimo bo futhumala, li-mushroom li qala kholo kapele.
Sebaka sa bolulo sa li-mushroom tsa oyster
Li-mushroom tsa oyster ke fungus ea saprophyte mme ka linako tse ling e le fungus ea likokoana-hloko. E ikopanya le li-stumps tsa popoliri le limmoronde. Li-mushroom tsa oyster li hlaha ka lihlopha tse nyane, haufi haholo. Hangata likepisi tsa li-mushroom li pakellana ka holim'a e 'ngoe, joalo ka likhaka marulelong.
Li-fungus tsena li hlaha likutung esita le bolelele bo boholo ho tloha fatše. Li mela lifateng tse hlohlorehang ebile e le ka seoelo. Li-mushroom tsa oyster le tsona li atile lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa toropo, mathōkong a litsela le litsela tse kholo. Li-mushroom tsena li hola ho tloha lithoteng ho ea lithabeng ebile ha ho na mathata ho hlahiseng li-mushroom tsa oyster.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li atile merung e mengata e futhumetseng le e chesang e mongobo lefats'eng lohle, Pacific Leboea-bophirima ho Amerika Leboea, li-mushroom ha li hōle. Ke saprophyte eo ka tlhaho e bolang patsi e shoeleng, haholo-holo limela tsa limela le tsa beech.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster le eona ke e 'ngoe ea li-mushroom tse tsebahalang tse jang tse ling. Mycelium ea eona e bolaea le ho sila nematodes, eo litsebi tsa baeloji li lumelang hore ke tsela eo fungus e fumanang naetrojene ka eona.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li hola libakeng tse ngata, empa mefuta e meng e hlahisa likoloni lifateng feela.
Hangata fungus ena e hōla lifateng tse senyehang tse shoang, e li sebelisa feela saprophytic, eseng ka mokhoa o fapaneng. Kaha sefate se bolaoa ke lisosa tse ling, li-mushroom tsa oyster li fumana bongata bo holang ka potlako ba patsi e seng e shoele le e shoang bakeng sa kholo. Li-mushroom tsa oyster li hlile li tsoela molemo morung, li bola lehong le shoeleng, 'me li khutlisetsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa le liminerale tikolohong ka mokhoa o loketseng ho sebelisoa ke limela le lintho tse ling.
Ho jala li-mushroom tsa oyster lapeng
Bakeng sa li-mushroom tse ntseng li hola, mabenkele a rekisa mabokose / mekotla e nang le substrate le li-mushroom tsa oyster spores mme li loketse ho hola hae.
Temo ea li-mushroom e khotsofatsa haholo ebile e na le molemo bakeng sa tekanyetso ea lelapa. Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea ho lema sena le li-mushroom tse ling. Mokhoa oa pele ke ho lema "ka letsoho" mobung serapeng sa meroho kapa sethopo. Ea bobeli, e khothalletsoang, ke temo ea "liindasteri" ho sebelisoa li-substrate (libales) tse seng li lokisitsoe ke likhoebo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea lapeng.
Ho jala li-mushroom tsa oyster ka letsoho "fatše"
Nakong ea serame, likutu li sehiloe, mohlomong ho tsoa popoliri, ka bophara ba lisenthimithara tse fetang 20. Nako ea mariha e bohlokoa hobane sefate se tlameha ho emisa ho hola. Kamora ho faola, likutu li bolokoa sebakeng se nang le moriti li eme hantle li emetse ts'ebeliso, hangata tse etsahalang lipakeng tsa Mmesa le Phuptjane.
Likarolo tsa lisenthimithara tse 30 li khaotsoe likutu, likoti li bophara ba mithara e le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 120. Lera la li-mushroom mycelium le behiloe ka tlase mohohlong, 'me likutu tse kaholimo li behiloe kaholimo. Ebe karolo e 'ngoe ea mycelium le kutu, joalo-joalo. Karolo e kaholimo e koaetsoe ka liboto mme mobu oa 15 cm oa tšeloa.
Mocheso le mongobo o kenang ka har'a sekoti o tla nolofalletsa mycelium ho hasana holim'a lifate tse ka hare. Ka Loetse, likutu li tlosoa ebe li patoa ka bonngoe ka lisenthimithara tse 15, bohole ba lisenthimithara tse 30 ho tse ling. Kamora matsatsi a ka bang mashome a mabeli, li-mushroom tsa oyster li tla qala ho hola, tse pheta selemong se seng le se seng se latelang.
Ho holisa li-mushroom tsa oyster molemeng oa liindasteri ka mekotleng
Mokhoa ona oa temo, oo motho e mong le e mong a o sebelisang hamonate ka tlung, ntle le tlhoko ea ho cheka fatše kapa ho ba le sebaka sa mahala lebaleng.
Tabeng ena, ha ho sebelisoe likutu tse khaotsoeng, empa ho sebelisoa mekotla e nang le substrate e nang le joang ba poone, koro le limela. Motsoako ona o tšeloa ka semela le litso tsa mycelium ebe o kenngoa ka setshelong sa polasetiki.
Bale e entsoeng ka tsela ena e se e loketse ho kopanya, nako ena e nka matsatsi a ka bang 20 mme e etsahala sebakeng se nang le mocheso o ka bang 25 ° C. Hang ha mycelium e kenella ka mokotleng oohle o nang le substrate, tlosa polasetiki ebe o beha mokotla oo shelefong sebakeng se nang le letsatsi kapa se bonesitsoeng ka maiketsetso 'me o boloke mocheso o ka ba 15 ° C.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li hola ka mekotla mekotla ea substrate. Nako ea kholo e emisoa ka maiketsetso ke ho theoha ha mocheso oa kamore.
Litsela tse 3 tsa ho holisa li-mushroom tsa oyster - video
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li latsoa joang?
Li-mushroom tsa oyster tse phehiloeng li na le sebopeho se boreleli se kang sa oyster, 'me batho ba bang ba bua ka tatso e nyane ea lijo tsa leoatleng. Li-gourmets li lumela hore li-mushroom tsa oyster li na le monko o monate oa anise.
Litatso tsena ka bobeli li bohlale ebile ha li bonahale kamora ho eketsa li-mushroom thupelong e kholo. Ka kakaretso, li-mushroom tsa oyster li na le tatso e bonolo ka lentsoe le tlase la lefatše.
Li-recipe tsa li-mushroom tsa oyster
Thahasello ea gastronomic ho li-mushroom e bakoa ke lintlha tse peli. Pele, ke ponahalo e ntle. Taba ea bobeli, li-mushroom tsa oyster li bonolo ho hola.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li entsoe ka litsela tse fapaneng. Li-mushroom tse besitsoeng, tse nang le bohobe li atile haholo lijong tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara. E le molao, li-mushroom tsa oyster lia halikwa, li na le botoro kapa li entsoe ka sechu. Li boetse li latsoa monate ha li bolokiloe ka oli.
Litsebi tsa tsa phepo li khothaletsa ho lahla leoto, hobane ha le bonolo ebile le thata haholo. Li-mushroom tsa oyster lia hloekisoa le ho khaoloa, joalo ka mefuta eohle ea li-mushroom.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster tse halikiloeng
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li ntle haholo bakeng sa ho phopholetsa ka lijo tse ling kapa ntle le tsona. Li boetse li na le bohobe bo phethahetseng joalo ka ha eka ke li-cutlets, haholo haeba e le lipapatso tse nyane tse bonolo.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster nakong ea ho noka
Kamora ho belisoa metsotso e 'maloa, li-mushroom lia jeoa, li nontšitsoe ka oli, sirilamunu, letsoai le pepere.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster tse khabisitsoeng
Kamora ho pheha pele ho feta metsotso e seng mekae, li-mushroom li tšeloa ka mayonnaise ebe li nōkoa ka parsley le eiee e tala e hahiloeng hantle. Ho pheha li-mushroom tsa oyster bakeng sa risepe ena, eketsa asene ka letsoai le pepere ka metsing. Baphehi ba litsebi ba khothaletsa ho sebelisa mehlala e menyenyane.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster ka oli
Li-mushroom tsa oyster, ha li tšeloa ka har'a oli kapa asene, li lula li le joalo. Ka lebaka la thepa ena, li-mushroom tsa oyster li loketse ho tlatsoa, lisalate tsa raese le lipepe tse ling.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster tse omisitsoeng
Li-mushroom tsena li boetse li loketse ho omisoa le ho sila. Maemong ana, ho eletsoa ho eketsa phofshoana ea li-mushroom e nkhang hamonate ho feta li-mushroom tsa oyster.
Boleng ba phepo le meriana ea li-mushroom tsa oyster
Bakeng sa ligrama tse 100 tsa li-mushroom, ho na le:
- Lik'hilojule tse 38
- 15-25 g ya protheine;
- 6.5 g lik'habohaedreite;
- Mafura a 2.2 g;
- 2,8 g faeba;
- 0.56 mg thiamine;
- 0.55 mg riboflavin;
- 12,2 mg, niacin;
- 140 mg phosphorus;
- 28 mg khalsiamo;
- 1,7 mg tšepe.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li na le mefuta e fapaneng ea phepo le meriana. Joalo ka li-mushroom tse jeoang haholo, ke mohloli o motle oa liprotheine, lik'habohaedreite le fiber mme li na le mafura a fokolang. Sebopeho sa diminerale sa li-mushroom se fapana ho ea ka mefuta le li-substrate tse sebelisitsoeng.
Ka tloaelo, li-mushroom tsa oyster li na le liminerale tse latelang: Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, Na, Zn, Mn le Se. Hape ke mohloli oa livithamini B1 le B2, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine le niacin.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li nkuoa e le lijo tse sebetsang ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho ba le phello e ntle bophelong ba batho. Litokomane tse ling tsa mahlale li tlaleha ka li-antimicrobial le li-antiviral tsa li-mushroom tsa oyster. Lihlahisoa tsa tsona tsa methanol li ile tsa thibela kholo ea Bacillus megaterium, S. aureus, E. coli, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, le Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Ubiquitin, protheine e thibelang likokoana-hloko, e boetse e fumanoa 'meleng oa litholoana tsa li-mushroom tsa oyster. Ka ho khetheha, li-fungus li na le ribonucleases, e senyang liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa vaerase ea ho itšireletsa mafung (HIV). Protheine lectin, e arohileng 'meleng oa oyster ea li-mushroom, e na le phello e ts'oanang.
Polysaccharides e fumanoang ho oyster mushroom mycelium e bonts'a ts'ebetso ea antitumor. Lingaka li hlokometse ho fokotseha ha 76% ea lisele tsa hlahala ha polysaccharide e ne e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sa sebetseng ho tloha moroaneng oa setso ho ea ho litoeba tsa basali tsa Switzerland tsa albino.
Hoa hlokomeleha hore lihlahisoa tsa li-mushroom tsa oyster li bonts'itse ts'ebetso ea antitumor khahlano le mefuta e meng ea lisosa tsa matšoafo le molomo oa popelo. Ho tlalehiloe hape hore boemo ba li-antioxidants 'meleng ea litholoana bo phahame ha bo bapisoa le li-mushroom tse ling tsa khoebo.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li boetse li bonts'a thepa ea hypolipidemic le antihyperglycemic. Mevinolin e theola maemo a k'holeseterole. Ntle le moo, motsoako o hlahisoa ka li-mushroom tsa oyster bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea moriana o thibelang lefu la tsoekere. Phuputso e fumane hore ho kenoa ka molomo ha li-mushroom tsa oyster tse litoeba tsa lefu la tsoekere ho theotse tsoekere.
Mefuta e mengata ea li-mushroom tsa oyster e na le metsoako e sebetsang e sebetsang joalo ka li-glucans, vithamine C le phenol, tse matlafatsang ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tse itseng tse fokotsang necrosis ea sebete. Lihlahisoa tsa li-mushroom tsa oyster le tsona li tlalehiloe li theola khatello ea mali, li na le thepa ea ho itšireletsa mafung le e khahlanong le botsofali.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li khothalletsa ho theola boima ba 'mele. Li-mushroom tsa Oyster, ka lebaka la liprotheine tse phahameng le mafura a tlase le lik'habohaedreite, li thusa ho theola boima ba 'mele. Ka hona, haeba o theola boima ba 'mele, etsa bonnete ba hore o kenyelletsa li-mushroom tsa oyster lijong tsa hau.
Kotsi ea li-mushroom tsa oyster
Litšobotsi tse ntle tsa li-mushroom tsa oyster li ke ke tsa latoloa ebile li ngata. Empa li-mushroom tsena le tsona li ka ba kotsi bathong.
Letšoao le totobetseng ka ho fetesisa la hore 'mele ha o nke li-mushroom tsa oyster ka bongata ke bohloko ba mpeng kamora hore motho a je li-mushroom ka mokhoa o fe kapa o fe, o halikiloeng kapa o phehiloeng. Ha ho na litlatsetso tse ling tse ikhethang. Ho haelloa ke thibelo lijong ke sesupo sa hore moji o lebetse ka sebe sa bonyollo, eseng litlamorao tsa li-mushroom. Ka bongata, li-mushroom tsa oyster li hlohlelletsa ho ruruha, ho eketseha ha khase ka maleng, ho lebisa ho lets'ollo le mathata a mang a ts'oaetso.
Li-mushroom tsohle, ho kenyeletsoa li-mushroom tsa oyster, li nka nako e telele ho sila tšilong ea lijo. Sena se loketse 'mele hore o ntše limatlafatsi tse ngata, empa o mpe bakeng sa mpa e thata Li-mushroom tsa oyster li baka bohloko sebakeng sa epigastric ho bana le batho ba tsofetseng.
Li-mushroom tsa oyster li hanana le likokoana-hloko tse bobebe. Ka hona, li sebelisoa ka hloko bakeng sa ho kula ha lijo.
Joalo ka li-mushroom tse ling, li-mushroom tsa oyster li jeoa feela kamora kalafo ea mocheso, hobane chitin e ka li-mushroom tse tala e kotsi ho batho.
