Batho ba khethang li-mushroom ba nka li-mushroom tsa lebese li le bohlokoa haholo 'me li ratoa haholo. Li-mushroom tsa lebese tse letsoai ka har'a meqomo ke ntho e ratoang haholo ea tlhaho ho barati ba li-mushroom. Monko o monate oa li-mushroom o boetse oa ananeloa ha ho pheoa lijana tsa li-mushroom tse chesang. Makhapetla a masoeu a li-mushroom a monya monko oa morung, 'me li-mushroom tsa lebese li etsa lihlahisoa tse ling monko o monate ha li phehiloe hammoho.
Li-mushroom tse monate tsa lebese li tlala kapele. Sebopeho se teteaneng sa li-mushroom se u lumella ho tlisa lijalo tse kotutsoeng kichineng kaofela. Li-mushroom tsa lebese ha se hangata li holang li le ling. Ka ho tsoma li-mushroom ka katleho, ba bokella libaskete tse 'maloa tsa li-mushroom tsa sehlopha sa pele.
Ka tlhaho, li-mushroom tsa lebese li khethile meru e fapaneng, empa li ntse li khetha lipampitšana tsa birch le phaene-birch. Li ipata ka tlas'a lera la linalete tse oeleng le makhasi. Ba fumana li-mushroom ka ho phahamisa mokato o omeletseng oa morung.
Mefuta ea li-mushroom
Mefuta ea mantlha ea li-mushroom e khethiloeng ke ba khethang li-mushroom ke efe?
Lebese la 'nete
Lefatšeng ka bophara batho ba belaella li-mushroom tse jeoang ka maemo, mme ke feela ho li-mushroom tsa 'nete tse ratoang haholo Russia. Li-mushroom tse nyane li fumanoa ho tloha bofelong ba Phupu ho isa bohareng ba Loetse, li nokoa ka letsoai, li jeoa ka tranelate e bolila le litapole tse phehiloeng.
Li-mushroom tsa 'nete li hola ka har'a likolobe joang, ka tlasa makhasi a birch le pine-birch. Ha ba rate leseli, ba khetha libaka tse mongobo, tse mongobo, kahoo ba thonaka li-mushroom ba batla li-mushroom tsa lebese ka molamu, ba hasanya matlakala a morung.
Makgapetla a tiile, a masweu, a robeha hanyane ka monko o monate le o ikgethang. Haeba li-mushroom li senyehile, lero la lebese le nang le 'mala o hlabang lea ntšoa, e ba bosehla moeeng, e leng se senyang maikutlo a botle ba li-mushroom.
Sekoaelo sa li-mushroom se bopehile joalo ka funnel, mophetho o haufi le bohale o lula o le metsi, leha boemo ba leholimo bo omme, bo ferefere. Li-mushroom tse nyane li na le capu e tšoeu e batlileng e fihla ho 10 cm ka bophara bo kobehileng. Bophara ba cap, ea li-mushroom tse holileng tsebong, e ka ba cm e 20, 'mala o bosehla hanyane.
E na le mohatla o boreleli, o mosoeu, o sekoti kahare ho leoto, o ka ba botenya ba lisenthimithara tse 5. Mefuteng ea khale e fumana lesela le lesehla. Li-gill tse tšoeu khafetsa tsa hymenophore li feta ho tloha capeng ho ea leotong.
Aspen lebese
Fungus e tsebahalang haholo e bōpehileng joaloka funnel e ntša marotholi a lebese (lactate) nameng le maling ha e senyehile.
Li-mushroom tsa aspen li khetholloa ke maqhubu a eona a pinki le matšoao, a atisang ho beoa meheleng e kaholimo ho cap. Joalo ka li-fungus tse ling tsa mofuta ona, e na le makhasi a sa tenyetseheng. Mehlala ea batho ba holileng tsebong e entsoe ka funnel, 'me e na le li-gill tse otlolohileng le sekwahelo sa concave. E na le nama e tiileng le kutu e sephara e kgutshwane ho feta mmele o behang. Ho hatisoa ka spore ka pinki e boreleli.
Hangata, li-mushroom tsa aspen li hola haufi le moluoane o hahabang libakeng tse letsoatlare le mekhoabong le merung ea aspen.
Li-mushroom li nkuoa li sa jeoe Europe Bophirima ka lebaka la tatso ea tsona e hlabang, empa ea jeoa le ho kotuloa khoebong Serbia, Russia le Turkey.
Hlaka ea Oak
Bokella li-mushroom tsa oak ka hoetla merung e futhumetseng e hlabang. Kepisi e kholo, e bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 12, e nang le hemispherical, e nang le khatello ea maikutlo e bohareng, e bopehileng joaloka crater ka bohale bo boreleli, bo rarahaneng, bo kolobile ebile bo maname nakong ea leholimo le metsi.
Li-gill li otlolohile, li teteaneng, li-tranelate e bosoeu kapa li-ocher-cream ka 'mala. Kutu e sootho ka mmala, bolelele ba 3-6 cm, e khuts'oane, e boreleli, e otlolohile, e tenya bohareng.
Nama ea cap e soeufetse, e thata ebile e thata, e senyeha habonolo kutung e sekoti. Lero le lesoeu la lebese le lengata, le boreleli. E nkuoa e sa jeoe ka Bophirima ka lebaka la ho baba ha eona ho hoholo.
Lebese le letšo
Ho tloha Europe le Siberia, hlama e ntšo e ile ea tla Australia le New Zealand. E hola tlasa li-birch, spruces, lifate tsa phaene le lifate tse ling morung o tsoakaneng.
Kepisi e bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 8 ho isa ho tse 20. Holimo ke bosootho ba mohloaare kapa botala bo mosehla, 'me bohareng e mahlahahlaha kapa e tshesane. Mehlala ea bacha e na le libaka tse mahlahahlaha tse boreleli metseng. Hamorao, capu e fetoha sebopeho sa funnel, 'mala o fifala ho ba botšo.
Li-gill li soeufetse, li sootho ka mohloaare ebile li na le lero la lebese, leo qalong le leng bosoeu ha le kopana le moea.
Bophahamo ba maoto ho fihlela 7 cm, 3 cm bophara, bo ts'oanang ka 'mala ho cap, empa bo bobebe haholo. Nama e soeufetse, e sootho ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Tatso (haholo-holo lebese) e na le pungent.
Ho tlalehoa hore mofuta ona o na le mutagen noncatorin, ka hona ha e khothalletsoe hore e sebelisoe. Ho belisoa ho fokotsa ho kopana ha setsi sena empa ha ho ho felise ka nepo.
Kamora ho pheha, li-mushroom tsa lebese le letšo li sebelisoa e le senoko lijana tsa li-mushroom ka leboea le bochabela ho Europe le Siberia. Li entsoe ka makotikoting le ka har`a Russia.
Boima bo omileng
Hangata li-mushroom li tšoeu, 'me li na le letšoao le bosehla bo sootho kapa bo sootho ka capeng le kutu e khuts'oane e tiileng. Li-mushroom tse jeoang empa li se monate li hola merung e nang le li-conifers, tse nang le makhasi a sephara kapa tse tsoakiloeng.
Basidiocarps e bonahala e sa ikemisetse ho tloha mobung mme e patiloe halofo, kapa e hola ka mokhoa o fetelletseng. Ka lebaka leo, makhapetla a makukuno a 16 cm ka bophara a koahetsoe ke maloanlahla a makhasi le mobu. Li tšoeu, li na le litšepe tse bosootho bo bosootho kapa tse sootho, tse nang le metsero e lutseng e le tšoeu. Qalong, li-cap li na le khokahano, empa hamorao lia boreleli 'me li na le sebopeho sa funnel.
Lehlaka le tiileng, le lesoeu, le le lekhuts'oane ebile le teteaneng le bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 2-6 le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 2-4. Ho hatisoa ha spore ho na le bosoeu bo bosootho bo bosootho bo bosootho bo bosootho bo lootho bo 8-12 x 7-9 µm ka boholo.
Makgapetla a masweu mme ha a fetole mmala ha a sehwa. Bocheng, li-mushroom tse ommeng tsa lebese li na le monko o monate oa tholoana, empa ha motho a se a le moholo o ba le monko o seng monate oa tlhapi. Tatso e monate, e bohale.
E ajoa libakeng tse futhumetseng tse ka leboea tsa Europe le Asia, haholo-holo ho la Bochabela la Mediterranean. Ke mofuta oa thermophilic o holang nakong ea selemo se chesang.
Li-mushroom tsena lia jeoa, empa ha li na tatso ho feta tse ntle. Leha ho le joalo, Cyprase hammoho le lihlekehlekeng tsa Greece, ea bokelloa le ho jeoa kamora ho khola oli ea mohloaare, asene kapa brine kamora ho pheha ho hoholo.
Li-mushroom tsa lebese li hola kae ha li kotula
Li-mushroom tsa lebese ha li rate bolutu. Libaka tsa malapa a li-mushroom li khethoa haufi le lindens le birches. E kotuloa qetellong ea lehlabula le hoetla merung e melang kapa e tsoakaneng. Li-mushroom li theha likolone tse ngata haholo moo letsopa le lesoeu le leng haufi le bokaholimo.
Li-mushroom tsa lebese li kotuloa ho tloha ka Phupu ho fihlela serame sa pele. Ho kotula ka hoetla ka theko e khethehileng. Li-mushroom tsa lebese ka nako ena ha li hlabe habohloko.
Li-mushroom tsa lebese li theha likamano tsa mantlha le limela tse phahameng. Metso ea metso e fapanyetsana limatlafatsi. Mefuta e mengata ea li-mushroom e theha likolone haufi le li-birches. Mefuta e fokolang e khetha meru ea coniferous. Moholo oa sefate, o phahamisa monyetla oa ho fumana mycelium haufi le ona.
Ka morung o monyane joalo ka monna, li-mushroom tsa lebese ha li fumanehe. Ha moru o le moholo, monyetla oa ho tšoasa li-mushroom tsena o phahama.
Bakeng sa kholo ea li-mushroom, maemo ana a bohlokoa a bohlokoa:
- mofuta oa mobu;
- mongobo lefats'eng;
- joalo ka letsatsi le futhumatsa lefatše.
Mefuta e mengata e khetha libaka tse futhumatsoang ke letsatsi, tse mongobo ka mokhoa o itekanetseng ka joang, boriba kapa matlakala a makhasi a bolang, ha li rate libaka tse omileng le tse mongobo.
Tse ling tse atileng habeli
Li-mushroom tsa lebese le li-mushroom tse ling tse jeoang ka maemo a lelapa lena ha li na chefo, empa ha li monate haholo ho likhahla tsa tatso. Batho ba pheha li-mushroom, ebe baa pheha. Li-mushroom tsa lebese li kolobisitsoe, li phehiloe nako e telele ka letsoai.
Lebese la pepere
'Mele oa litholoana oa fungus o mosoeu o mosoeu; mefuteng e holileng, cap, e entsoe ka funnel e nang le likhahla tse ngata. Ha o hatelloa, o tsoa mali ka lebese le bosoeu le tatso ea pepere. E ajoa haholo Europe, tikolohong ea Leoatle le Letšo ka leboea-bochabela ho Turkey, le karolong e ka bochabela ea Amerika Leboea, e hlahisitsoeng Australia. E theha kamano ea maqhama le lifate tse hlohlorehang, ho kenyeletsoa beech le hazel, 'me e hola mobung ho tloha hlabula ho fihlela mathoasong a mariha.
Mycologists e nka e sa jeoa ebile e le chefo; baapehi ha ba e khothaletse ka lebaka la tatso ea eona. Ho thata ho sileha ha e le tala. Ts'ebetsong ea setso, e sebelisoa e le sejoe kamora ho omisoa, ho phehiloe, ho halikiloe ka botoro, ho sotloa, ho besitsoe hlama.
Li-mushroom li bohlokoa Russia. Batho ba bokella li-mushroom tsa pepere nakong ea komello, ha li-mushroom tse ling tse jeoang li le tlase. Naheng ea Finland, baapehi ba pheha li-mushroom makhetlo a mangata, ba tsoa metsi. Metsing a ho qetela a letsoai a letsoai, a bolokoa mariha kaofela, a tšeloa metsing kapa a fuoa lisalate.
Ho ja li-mushroom tse ncha le tse tala ho halefisa molomo le leleme, karabelo e ea fela kamora hora.
Lebese camphor (lebese la camphor)
Ba e ananela ka monko oa eona. Litsebi tsa bongaka li e sebelisa joalo ka senoko, eseng ho pheha. Boholo ba camphor lactarius bo nyane ho isa bohareng, cap, e ka tlase ho cm 5 bophara. Mmala ho tloha mmala wa lamunu ho ya ho mmala wa lamunu o bofubedu bo sootho. Sebopeho sa cap, se koahetsoe ke lipapatso tse nyane, se bataletse ebile se tepelletse hanyane ka li-mushroom tse holileng tsebong.
'Mele o behang litholoana o bobebe ebile o bobebe, o fana ka lebese le bosoeu le metsi, le ts'oanang le lebese la Whey kapa skim. Lero le fokola kapa le tsoekere hanyane, empa ha le bohloko kapa ha le hlaba. Monko oa li-mushroom o bapisoa le sirapo ea maple, camphor, curry, fenugreek, tsoekere e chesitsoeng. Monko o fokola ka mehlala e mecha, o ba matla ha mmele o behang litholoana o omella.
Li-mushroom tse omisitsoeng li siloa ka phofo kapa li tšeloa lebese le chesang. Batho ba bang ba sebelisa L. camphoratus ho etsa motsoako oa ho tsuba.
Violinist (ikutloa mojaro)
Ke li-mushroom tse kholo tse fumanehang haufi le lifate tsa beech. 'Mele oa litholoana o teteane, ha o masapo,' me haeba o senyehile, fungus e ntša colostrum. Mehlala ea batho ba holileng tsebong, likepisi li tsoa bosoeu ho isa ho 'mala oa tranelate, e bōpehileng joaloka funnel, ho fihla bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 25. Leoto le pharaletseng le le lekhuts'oane ho feta mmele o behang litholoana. Li-gill li hole haholo, li patisane, li na le matheba a sootho ho tsoa ho lero le omisitsoeng. Mekhabiso ea spore e tšoeu.
Li-mushroom li kotuloa merung e hlohlorehang ho tloha qetellong ea lehlabula ho fihlela qalong ea mariha. Lero la lebese le latsoa ho se nke lehlakore ka bolona, linoko ha li jeoa ka makhasi. Li-mushroom tse utsoitsoeng tsa Bophirimela li nkuoa li sa jeoe ka lebaka la tatso ea tsona e hlabang. Russia, e kolobisoa nako e telele pele e pheha ebe e letsoai.
Lebese le mosehla oa khauta (lebese la khauta)
E na le 'mala o sootho, o chefo, o hola ka ho ikopanya le lifate tsa oak. Kepisi e bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 3 ho isa ho tse 8, 'me e na le matšoao a lefifi a mehele e metenya kapa metopa. Qalong e koetsoe, empa hamorao ea ntlafatsoa; mefuteng ea khale ho na le khatello ea maikutlo e nyane e bohareng, likhahla tse se nang lesela.
Kutu e bosoeu kapa bosehla bo soeufetseng ha e na sekoti, e koala kapa e ruruhile hanyane, ka linako tse ling e ba bopinki halofong e ka tlase. Li-gill tsa hymenophore li lula li otlolohile, ka 'mala o pinki, li-spores li na le tranelate e tšoeu.
Makgapetla a masweu a na le tatso e hlabang mme e na le mmala ka lebese le patiswang haholo. Qalong, colostrum e tšoeu, kamora metsotsoana e seng mekae e ba bosehla bo khanyang.
Mmala wa gauta o hlaha hlabula le hwetla dibakeng tse ka leboya tse futhumetseng tsa Yuropa, Amerika Leboea le Afrika Leboea.
Ts'ebeliso e lebisa ho matšoao a matla a mala.
Na li-mushroom tsa lebese li na le thuso
- Li-mushroom tsena li na le phepo, makhasi a na le nama 'me a na le liprotheine (33 g ho 100 g kamora ho omella), lik'habohaedreite, liminerale le livithamini ka mokhoa o bonolo oa ho sila. Li-mushroom tse phehiloeng ka lebese li nkela nama le tlhapi sebaka ha lihlahisoa tsena li hanana.
- Li-vithamine tsa sehlopha B, A le C li ntlafatsa tšebetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo, hematopoiesis, boits'ireletso.
- Liminerale ka mokhoa o sa fumaneheng - sodium, magnesium, calcium le phosphorus, mofuta o sebetsang oa vithamine D, li kentse letsoho ho thibela lefu la masapo, ho boloka letlalo le moriri o phetseng hantle.
- Likokoana-hloko tsa peppermint li bolaea bacillus ea lefuba, li phekola majoe a liphio meriana ea setso.
- Ho khetha le ho belisoa ha li-mushroom ho etsa hore tlhahiso ea lactic acid, anti-inflammatory le li-cholesterol li theole.
Ke mang ea sa lokelang ho ja li-mushroom tsa lebese
Ena ke lijo tse boima haeba motho a e-na le mathata le manyeme, sebete le bile. Li-mushroom tsa meru ha li fuoe bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 7 le bakhachane. Ho sebelisoa ha li-mushroom tsa lebese khafetsa tse nang le lintho tse sebetsang ho eketsa kutloisiso ea 'mele, ho mpefatsa khatello ea mmele.
Ho pheha, haholo-holo ho jeoa ka lipehelo, li-mushroom tsa lebese ntle le ho shebella theknoloji ho kotsi tšilong ea lijo le tšebetsong ea litho tsa 'mele. Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le khatello e phahameng ea mali le batho ba nang le nephrosis, li-mushroom tse matla, tse letsoai le tse bolila lia haneloa. Ts'ebeliso ea linako tse ling ea li-mushroom tsa lebese e ea lumelloa.
