Tikoloho ea litlhapi ke lekala la ichthyology le ikhethang lithutong tsa bophelo ba litlhapi:
- mekhoa ea baahi;
- lihlopha tsa mefuta e fapaneng;
- morethetho oa bophelo ba litlhapi;
- phepo e nepahetseng, ho ikatisa le lipotoloho tsa bophelo;
- kamano ea litlhapi le baemeli ba bang ba liphoofolo le tikoloho.
Litlhapi ke sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo tse lulang feela metsing a metsi, leha ho na le li-lungfish tse ka lulang mobung nako e teletsana (li-protopters, li-perches tse hloang, seretse se qhomang). Li hasane ho isa likhutlong tsohle tsa lefats'e, ho tloha libakeng tse chesang tse chesang tse mongobo ho isa ho tse batang tsa Arctic. Maoatleng le maoatleng, litlhapi li ka phela botebong ba limithara tse fetang 1000, ka hona ho na le mefuta eo ho sa tsejoeng saense ea sejoale-joale. Hape, nako le nako ho a khonahala ho fumana mefuta ea pele ho nalane e neng e le teng lilemong tse limilione tse 100 tse fetileng, kapa le ho feta. Ho tsebahala mefuta e fetang 32.8 ea litlhapi lefatšeng, boholo ba eona bo fapana ho tloha 7.9 mm ho isa ho 20 m.
Bo-rasaense ba khetholla lihlopha tse joalo tsa litlhapi, ho latela litšobotsi tsa libaka tsa bona tsa bolulo:
- pelagic - karolong ea metsi (lishaka, pike, herring, tuna, walleye, trout);
- mohohlong - phela ka botebo ba limithara tse fetang 200 (batho ba batšo ba jang, li-anglers);
- littoral - libakeng tse lebopong la leoatle (li-gobies, linale tsa leoatle, lintja tse tsoakaneng, li-skate);
- tlase - phela ka tlase (li-flounders, mahlaseli, catfish).
Tšusumetso ea lisosa tsa hydrosphere mokhoeng oa bophelo oa litlhapi
E 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoahali ho boloka litlhapi li phela ke leseli. Mabone a matle a li lumella ho tsamaea hantle ka metsing. Ha botebo ba litlhapi bo ntse bo phela, khanya e nyane e kena moo, 'me mefuta e phelang ka botebo kapa tlase e ka foufala kapa ea bona leseli le fokolang ka mahlo a telescopic.
Kaha mocheso oa 'mele oa litlhapi o ipapisitse le thempereichara ea tikoloho ea tsona, ka hona, metsi a futhumetseng le a batang a ama lipotoloho tsa bophelo ba bona ka litsela tse fapaneng. Ka metsing a futhumetseng, ts'ebetso ea litlhapi, kholo ea tsona, ho fepa, ho ikatisa le ho falla hoa bonoa. Litlhapi tse ling li ikamahanya le mocheso hoo li lulang lilibeng tse chesang, ha tse ling li khona ho mamella maemo a tlase a metsi a Antarctica le Arctic.
Oksijene ea tlhapi e fumanoa metsing, 'me haeba boemo ba eona bo mpefala, e ka lebisa kholisong e butle, mafu le lefu la batho bohle. Li kotsi haholo bakeng sa litlhapi ke tšilafalo e fapaneng ea hydrosphere, haholoholo ho qhalana ha oli. Ka mokhoa oa ho fepa, litlhapi ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, li na le khotso ebile li monate. Li na le likamano lipakeng tsa batho ba mofuta o le mong le o fapaneng, hammoho le baemeli ba lihlopha tse ling tsa liphoofolo.
Kahoo, litlhapi ke liphoofolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa metsing tse lulang matamong a mefuta eohle, ha li phele feela linokeng, matšeng, maoatleng, maoatleng, empa hape le botlamuoeng - libakeng tsa metsing. Ba na le liphapang tse kholo hara bona, 'me mahlale a morao-rao a ntse a tlameha ho ithuta ho hongata ka bona.
